PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Fonteque J.H., Saito M.E., Barioni G., Valente A.C.S., Takahira R.K. & Kohayagawa A. 2013. [Leukocyte count and neutrophil oxidative burst in Saanen goats in the pregnancy, parturition and postpartum periods.] Leucograma e metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos em cabras da raça Saanen nos períodos de gestação, parto e pós-parto. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(Supl.1):63-70. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC 88520-000, Brazil. E-mail: fonteque@hotmail.com The purpose of this study was to evaluate the leukocyte count and the oxidative metabolism of neutrophil in Saanen goats during periods of pregnancy, parturition and postpartum. Were used 20 Saanen goats, clinically healthy and serologically negative for caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV). Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture 49 (M1), 42 (M2), 35 (M3), 28 (M4), 21 (M5), 14 (M6), seven (M7), three (M8) days before the parturition, on the day of birth (M9), three (M10) and seven (M11) days postpartum, for the leukocyte count, and serum for cortisol, estradiol and progesterone determination. From 28 days (M4) before parturition until seven days postpartum (M11) blood samples were collected for evaluation of oxidative metabolism of neutrophils by the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test (NBT). The results showed that at parturition day there were an increase in cortisol and estradiol levels and a decrease in progesterone serum, neutrophilic leukocytosis and left shift slight, decrease of lymphocytes, increase in the neutrophil: lymphocyte, eosinopenia, monocytosis and basophilia. There was a neutrophilic leukocytosis and an increase in the neutrophil: lymphocyte on the seventh day postpartum. There were not significant alterations in oxidative metabolism of neutrophils during pregnancy, parturition and postpartum. It was concluded that parturition causes an elevation in cortisol and estradiol levels and a decrease in progesterone serum determining a neutrophilic leukocytosis and left shift slight, with a reduction of lymphocytes, increase in the neutrophil:lymphocyte, eosinopenia, monocytosis and basophilia. Neutrophilic leukocytosis, increase in the neutrophil: lymphocyte and fibrinogen are detected on the seventh day postpartum. Pregnancy, parturition and the postpartum do not change the oxidative metabolism of neutrophils evaluated by NBT reduction test.

• Leukocyte count neutrophil oxidative burst leucograma metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Fonteque J.H., Saito M.E., Barioni G., Valente A.C.S., Takahira R.K. & Kohayagawa A. 2013. [Leukocyte count and neutrophil oxidative burst in Saanen goats in the pregnancy, parturition and postpartum periods.] Leucograma e metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos em cabras da raça Saanen nos períodos de gestação, parto e pós-parto. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(Supl.1):63-70. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC 88520-000, Brazil. E-mail: fonteque@hotmail.com O presente estudo teve como objetivo a avaliação do leucograma e do metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos em fêmeas caprinas da raça Saanen, nos períodos de gestação, parto e pós-parto. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas de 20 fêmeas nulíparas da raça Saanen, clinicamente sadias por venipunção jugular aos 49 (M1), 42 (M2), 35 (M3), 28 (M4), 21 (M5), 14 (M6), sete (M7), três (M8) dias antes do parto, no dia do parto (M9), três (M10) e sete (M11) dias após o parto, para a realização do leucograma e dosagens séricas de cortisol, estradiol e progesterona. A partir de 28 dias (M4) antes do parto até sete dias do pós-parto (M11) foram colhidas amostras de sangue para a avaliação do metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos por meio do teste de redução do tetrazólio nitroazul (NBT). Os resultados demonstraram que no dia do parto houve aumento nas concentrações séricas de cortisol e estradiol, e diminuição da progesterona, leucocitose por neutrofilia e desvio à esquerda leve, diminuição dos linfócitos, aumento da relação neutrófilo:linfócito, eosinopenia, monocitose e basofilia. No sétimo dia do pós-parto houve leucocitose por neutrofilia e aumento da relação neutrófilo:linfócito. Não houve nos períodos de gestação, parto e pós-parto alterações significativas no metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos. Conclui-se que o parto determina elevação da concentração sérica de cortisol e estradiol, e diminuição da progesterona determinando quadro de leucocitose por neutrofilia e desvio à esquerda leve, com diminuição dos linfócitos, aumento da relação neutróflo:linfócito, eosinopenia, monocitose e basofilia. Ao sétimo dia do pós-parto há leucocitose por neutrofilia, aumento da relação neutrófilo:linfócito e do fibrinogênio. A gestação, o parto e o período do pós-parto não alteram o metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos avaliado por meio do teste de redução do NBT.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Silva J.S.C., Guaraná E.L.S., Lemos V.F., Soares P.C., Afonso J.A.B. & Mendonça C.L. 2013. [Energy, protein and mineral metabolism in Santa Inês ewes, both healthy and with subclinical mastitis.] Metabolismo energético, proteico e mineral de ovelhas Santa Inês hígidas e com mastite subclínica. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(9):1087-1096. Clínica de Bovinos, Campus Garanhuns, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Bom Pastor s/n, Boa Vista, Garanhuns, PE 55292-270, Brazil. E-mail: carlalopes.mendonca@gmail.com The study aimed to evaluate the energy, protein and mineral metabolism in Santa Inês ewes, healthy and with subclinical mastitis, followed up during late gestation and lactation periods. Ewes subjected to the same semi-intensive nursing system were followed up. The animals were evaluated according to the following stages: 10 days before parturition (dbp) and 15 days postpartum (dpp), 30 dpp, 60 dpp, and 90 dpp. Blood metabolites were evaluated starting from the stage previous to parturition and whey metabolites were evaluated in the subsequent stages. A screening of the ewes followed up in this study (12 healthy and 18 with subclinical mastitis) was performed after a clinical and bacteriological examination. During lactation, maintaining the same screening criteria, 11 healthy and 20 infected mammary glands were selected; the milk for whey extraction was collected from these glands. Energy profile metabolites (non-esterified fatty acids [NEFAs], ß-hydroxybutyrate [BHB], fructosamine, cholesterol and triglycerides), protein profile (total protein, albumin, urea and creatinine) and mineral profile (iron, copper, zinc, magnesium, total calcium, ionized calcium, sodium, and potassium) were measured in the blood serum. Calcium, sodium and potassium ions, as well as NEFAs and BHB were measured in the whey. Blood biochemistry revealed an influence (P<0.05) of the peripartum and lactation periods on the blood concentrations of NEFAs, BHB, cholesterol, albumin, urea, ionized calcium. An analysis of the whey also revealed an influence on the potassium ion. Ewes with subclinical mastitis showed higher (P<0.05) blood levels of cholesterol, albumin and copper; higher sodium ion concentrations and NEFAs, and lower potassium ion in whey. Good physical score of ewes observed during this study, combined with the biochemical findings, allowed us to conclude that there was a larger energy requirement in the first month of lactation; however, this requirement was not enough to trigger any metabolic disorder or the emergence of ketonemia, and these discrete changes were more apparent in ewes with subclinical mastitis.

• Mastitis mastite

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Silva J.S.C., Guaraná E.L.S., Lemos V.F., Soares P.C., Afonso J.A.B. & Mendonça C.L. 2013. [Energy, protein and mineral metabolism in Santa Inês ewes, both healthy and with subclinical mastitis.] Metabolismo energético, proteico e mineral de ovelhas Santa Inês hígidas e com mastite subclínica. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(9):1087-1096. Clínica de Bovinos, Campus Garanhuns, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Bom Pastor s/n, Boa Vista, Garanhuns, PE 55292-270, Brazil. E-mail: carlalopes.mendonca@gmail.com Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o metabolismo energético, proteico e mineral de ovelhas Santa Inês hígidas e com mastite subclínica acompanhadas durante o final da gestação e na lactação. Foram acompanhadas ovelhas submetidas ao mesmo sistema de criação semi-intensivo. Os animais foram avaliados conforme os momentos a seguir: 10 dias que precedeu o parto (dap) e 15 dias pós parto (dpp), 30 dpp, 60 dpp e 90 dpp. Os metabólitos sanguíneos foram avaliados a partir do momento que antecedeu ao parto e os metabólitos no soro lácteo nos momentos subsequentes. Após exame clínico e bacteriológico foi realizada a triagem das ovelhas acompanhadas neste estudo, sendo 12 hígidas e 18 com mastite subclínica. Durante a lactação, mantendo os mesmos critérios de triagem, foram selecionadas 11 glândulas mamárias sadias e 20 infectadas, das quais foi colhido o leite para obtenção do soro lácteo. Foram mensurados no soro sanguíneo os metabólitos do perfil energético (ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNEs), ß-hidroxibutirato (BHB), frutosamina, colesterol e triglicérides), do perfil proteico (proteína total, albumina, uréia e creatinina) e do perfil mineral (ferro, cobre, zinco, magnésio, cálcio total, cálcio ionizado, sódio e potássio). No soro lácteo foram mensurados os íons cálcio, sódio e potássio, bem como os AGNEs e o BHB. A bioquímica sanguínea revelou haver influência (P<0,05) do período do periparto e da lactação sobre as concentrações sanguíneas dos AGNEs, BHB, colesterol, albumina, uréia, cálcio ionizado e no soro lácteo sobre o íon potássio. As ovelhas portadoras de mastite subclínica apresentaram valores sanguíneos superiores (P<0,05) de colesterol, albumina e cobre e no soro lácteo teores superiores do íon sódio e dos AGNEs e inferiores do íon potássio. O bom escore corporal das ovelhas observado durante o estudo aliado aos achados bioquímicos permitiu concluir ter ocorrido maior requerimento energético no primeiro mês da lactação, porém não o suficiente para desencadear qualquer transtorno metabólico e o aparecimento de um quadro de cetonemia, sendo estas discretas alterações mais expressivas nas ovelhas com mastite subclínica.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Dube P.N., Alavandi S. & Hosetti B.B. 2013. Effect of exposure to sublethal concentrations of sodium cyanide on the carbohydrate metabolism of the Indian Major Carp Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(7):914-919. Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Applied Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga, Karnataka 577 451, India. E-mail: basaling@yahoo.co.in Experiments were designed to study in-vivo effects of sodium cyanide on biochemical endpoints in the freshwater fish Labeo rohita. Fish were exposed to two sublethal concentrations (0.106 and 0.064mg/L) for a period of 15 days. Levels of glycogen, pyruvate, lactate and the enzymatic activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), phosphorylase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (AcP) were assessed in different tissues (liver, muscle and gills). Result indicated a steady decrease in glycogen, pyruvate, SDH, ALP and AcP activity with a concomitant increase in the lactate, phosphorylase, LDH and G6PD activity in all selected tissues. The alterations in all the above biochemical parameters were significantly (p<0.05) time and dose dependent. In all the above parameters, liver pointing out the intensity of cyanide intoxication compare to muscle and gills. Study revealed change in the metabolic energy by means of altered metabolic profile of the fish. Further, these observations indicated that even sublethal concentrations of sodium cyanide might not be fully devoid of deleterious influence on metabolism in L. rohita.

• Labeo rohita sodium cyanide cianeto de sódio

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Dube P.N., Alavandi S. & Hosetti B.B. 2013. Effect of exposure to sublethal concentrations of sodium cyanide on the carbohydrate metabolism of the Indian Major Carp Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(7):914-919. Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Applied Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga, Karnataka 577 451, India. E-mail: basaling@yahoo.co.in Experiments were designed to study in-vivo effects of sodium cyanide on biochemical endpoints in the freshwater fish Labeo rohita. Fish were exposed to two sublethal concentrations (0.106 and 0.064mg/L) for a period of 15 days. Levels of glycogen, pyruvate, lactate and the enzymatic activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), phosphorylase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (AcP) were assessed in different tissues (liver, muscle and gills). Result indicated a steady decrease in glycogen, pyruvate, SDH, ALP and AcP activity with a concomitant increase in the lactate, phosphorylase, LDH and G6PD activity in all selected tissues. The alterations in all the above biochemical parameters were significantly (p<0.05) time and dose dependent. In all the above parameters, liver pointing out the intensity of cyanide intoxication compare to muscle and gills. Study revealed change in the metabolic energy by means of altered metabolic profile of the fish. Further, these observations indicated that even sublethal concentrations of sodium cyanide might not be fully devoid of deleterious influence on metabolism in L. rohita.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Lima A.S., Weigel R.A., Morgado A.A., Nunes G.R., Souza F.N., Moreno A.M., Della Libera A.M.M.P. & Sucupira M.C.A. 2012. Parenteral administration of vitamins A, D and E on the oxidative metabolism and function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in swine. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(8):727-734. Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508 270, Brazil. E-mail: msucupir@usp.br The weaning period of piglets is characterized by physiological alterations, such as decreased weight gain, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased serum cortisol levels with possible effects on the immune response. The effect of parenteral administration of vitamins A, D and E on production performance, oxidative metabolism, and the function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) was assessed in piglets during the weaning period. The sample was comprised of 20 male piglets that were given an injectable ADE vitamin combination (135,000 IU vitamin A, 40,000 IU vitamin D and 40mg vitamin E/animal) at 20 and 40 days of age. Weight gain, concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the microbicidal and phagocytic activity of PMNLs were assessed. No difference was observed in the average piglet weight during the study; however, a greater percentage of weight gain was observed after weaning in the treated group. The concentrations of GSH and SOD did not differ between groups, although lipid peroxidation was greater in the control group at 60 days of age. The investigated variables of oxidative metabolism were correlated as follows: -0.41 for GSH and MDA, -0.54 for GSH and SOD and 0.34 for MDA and SOD. The intensity of intracellular ROS production, the percentage of ROS-producing PMNLs and the intensity of phagocytosis by PMNLs did not differ between treatment groups. Administration of the injectable ADE combination improved the percentage of weight gain between 20 and 40 days of age, decreased oxidative stress at 60 days of age and did not influence the function of PMNLs in piglets.

• vitamin A vitamin D vitamin E vitamina A vitamina D vitamina E

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Lima A.S., Weigel R.A., Morgado A.A., Nunes G.R., Souza F.N., Moreno A.M., Della Libera A.M.M.P. & Sucupira M.C.A. 2012. Parenteral administration of vitamins A, D and E on the oxidative metabolism and function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in swine. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(8):727-734. Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508 270, Brazil. E-mail: msucupir@usp.br O período de desmame nos leitões é caracterizado por alterações fisiológicas como menor ganho de peso, aumento na produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) e aumento na concentração plasmática de cortisol com possíveis implicações para a resposta imune. Foi avaliado o efeito da administração parenteral das vitaminas A, D e E sobre o desempenho produtivo, o metabolismo oxidativo e a função de leucócitos polimorfonucleares (PMNLs) em suínos durante esta fase de crescimento. Foram utilizados 20 leitões, machos, com 20 dias de idade que receberam ADE injetável (135.000 UI vitamina A, 40.000 UI vitamina D e 40mg vitamina E/animal), aos 20 e 40 dias de idade. Foi determinado o ganho de peso e as concentrações de glutationa reduzida (GSH), malondialdeído (MDA) e superóxido dismutase (SOD) e a capacidade microbicida e fagocítica dos PMNLs. Não houve diferença entre o peso vivo médio durante o experimento, porém maior ganho de peso percentual foi observado 20 dias após o desmame para o grupo tratado. As concentrações de GSH e SOD não diferiram entre os grupos, porém a lipoperoxidação foi maior no grupo controle aos 60 dias de idade. As correlações entre as variáveis do metabolismo oxidativo foram -0,41 para GSH e o MDA, -0,54 para GSH e SOD e 0,34 para MDA e SOD. A intensidade da produção intracelular de EROs, a porcentagem de PMNLs que produziram EROs e a intensidade de fagocitose dos PMNLs não diferiram entre os tratamentos. A administração de ADE injetável melhorou o ganho de peso percentual no período de 20 a 40 dias de idade, diminuiu o estresse oxidativo aos 60 dias de idade e não influenciou função dos PMNLs dos leitões.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Fonteque J.H., Takahira, R.K., Saito M.E., Valente A.C.S., Barioni G. & Kohayagawa A. 2010. [Erithrogram, iron metabolism and serum erythropoietin concentration in female Saanen caprine in the pregnancy, parturition and postpartum periods.] Eritrograma e metabolismo do ferro em fêmeas da raça Saanen nos períodos de gestação, parto e pós-parto. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(11):991-995. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Hospital de Clínica Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC 88520-000, Brazil. E-mail: fonteque@cav.udesc.br Hematological changes during the pregnancy and parturition are of great importance in humans and have been studied in several species of domestic animals. The objective was to determine changes in erythrogram, iron metabolism and the serum concentration of erythropoietin in nuliparous female Saanen caprine during periods of pregnancy, parturition and postpartum. Blood samples were collected from 20 goats, clinically healthy, the 49 (M1), 42 (M2), 35 (M3), 28 (M4), 21 (M5), 14 (M6), seven (M7), three (M8) days in the pregnancy, parturition (M9), three (M10) and seven (M11) days postpartum for the erythrogram, plasma total protein and the serum of erythropoietin, iron, total iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation index and ferritin determination. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% level of significance (P<0,05). Significant difference (P<0,05) between a few moments for the variables, erythrocytes count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, total plasma proteins, serum iron concentration, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and transferrin saturation index (TSI) determination. There were no significant difference for the variables erythropoietin, mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red cell distribution width (RDW) and ferritin. In conclusion, there was no stimulus for the increasing of the red blood cells production during the periods of pregnancy, parturition and postpartum in nuliparous Saanen goats. No clinical significance was observed in the in red blood cell count and in the iron metabolism.

• Iron erythropoietin ferro eritropoetina

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Fonteque J.H., Takahira, R.K., Saito M.E., Valente A.C.S., Barioni G. & Kohayagawa A. 2010. [Erithrogram, iron metabolism and serum erythropoietin concentration in female Saanen caprine in the pregnancy, parturition and postpartum periods.] Eritrograma e metabolismo do ferro em fêmeas da raça Saanen nos períodos de gestação, parto e pós-parto. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(11):991-995. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Hospital de Clínica Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC 88520-000, Brazil. E-mail: fonteque@cav.udesc.br As alterações hematológicas durante o período de gestação, parto e pós-parto são de grande importância em humanos e têm sido estudadas em várias espécies de animais domésticos. O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar as alterações no eritrograma, no metabolismo do ferro e na concentração sérica de eritropoetina durante os períodos de gestação, parto e pós-parto em fêmeas nulíparas Saanen. Foram colhidas amostras de sangue de 20 fêmeas, clinicamente sadias, aos 49 (M1), 42 (M2), 35 (M3), 28 (M4), 21 (M5), 14 (M6), sete (M7), três (M8) dias antes do parto, no dia do parto (M9), três (M10) e sete (M11) dias após o parto, para a realização do eritrograma, proteína plasmática total, e dosagens séricas de eritropoetina, ferro, capacidade total de ligação do ferro, índice de saturação da transferrina e ferritina. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste de análise de variância (ANOVA) ao nível de 5% de significância (P<0,05). Houve diferença significativa (P<0,05) entre alguns momentos para as variáveis, número de eritrócitos, concentração de hemoglobina, volume globular, proteína total plasmática, concentração de ferro sérico, capacidade total de ligação do ferro (CLTF) e índice de saturação da transferrina (IST). Não houve diferença significativa (P<0,05) para as variáveis eritropoetina, volume corpuscular médio (VCM), hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM), concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM), distribuição do diâmetro dos eritrócitos (DDE) e ferritina. Concluiu-se que não há aumento do estímulo para a produção de eritrócitos durante os períodos de gestação, parto e pós-parto em fêmeas Saanen e as alterações encontradas no eritrograma e no metabolismo do ferro não possuem significado clínico.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Costa M.C., Flaiban K.K.M.C., Coneglian M.M., Dognani R., Vettorato E.D., Balarin M.R.S. & Lisbôa J.A.N. 2008. [Neutrophil oxidative burst in Nelore and Limousin calves in the first four months of life.] Metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos de bezerros das raças Nelore e Limousin nos primeiros quatro meses de vida. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(9):431-436. Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. E-mail: janlisboa@uel.br To study some defence mechanisms of beef calves kept on range conditions, 90 healthy calves, 45 Nelore and 45 Limousin, were bled at 24 to 36 hours of life, 15, 30, 60, 90 and, 120 days. Leukogram and neutrophil oxidative burst through the non-stimulated and the stimulated NBT tests were determined. The parasitemia with Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina and B. bovis was investigated. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyse the age effect on leukocyte counts. Variation of positive neutrophil throughout the age was analysed through Krushkal-Wallis test. Comparisons among breeds were done using the Mann-Whithney test. The white blood cell count increased with age in both breeds, with a decrease in neutrophil and an increase in lymphocyte counts. The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio had been inverted before 15 days of life. The neutrophil oxidative burst was less effective in the newborn calves increasing with age. Limousin calves’ neutrophils had higher capacity to reduce NBT in advanced ages. The observed differences between taurine and Zebu calves had no effects on calves’ health and could be atributed to Anaplasma marginale natural and asynptomatic infection.

• Beef calf Zebu taurine NBT Anaplasma marginale

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Costa M.C., Flaiban K.K.M.C., Coneglian M.M., Dognani R., Vettorato E.D., Balarin M.R.S. & Lisbôa J.A.N. 2008. [Neutrophil oxidative burst in Nelore and Limousin calves in the first four months of life.] Metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos de bezerros das raças Nelore e Limousin nos primeiros quatro meses de vida. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(9):431-436. Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. E-mail: janlisboa@uel.br To study some defence mechanisms of beef calves kept on range conditions, 90 healthy calves, 45 Nelore and 45 Limousin, were bled at 24 to 36 hours of life, 15, 30, 60, 90 and, 120 days. Leukogram and neutrophil oxidative burst through the non-stimulated and the stimulated NBT tests were determined. The parasitemia with Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina and B. bovis was investigated. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyse the age effect on leukocyte counts. Variation of positive neutrophil throughout the age was analysed through Krushkal-Wallis test. Comparisons among breeds were done using the Mann-Whithney test. The white blood cell count increased with age in both breeds, with a decrease in neutrophil and an increase in lymphocyte counts. The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio had been inverted before 15 days of life. The neutrophil oxidative burst was less effective in the newborn calves increasing with age. Limousin calves’ neutrophils had higher capacity to reduce NBT in advanced ages. The observed differences between taurine and Zebu calves had no effects on calves’ health and could be atributed to Anaplasma marginale natural and asynptomatic infection.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Filappi A.R., Prestes D.S., Antes F.G., Flores E.L.M., Dressler V.L., Flores E.M.M. & Cecim M. 2008. [Metabolism and distribution of fluor in lambs chronically treated with sodium fluoride.] Metabolismo e distribuição do flúor em ovinos jovens tratados cronicamente com fluoreto de sódio. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(2):124-128. Departamento de Clínica de Grandes Animais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil. E-mail: afilappi@bol.com.br The objective of the present study was to evaluate fluorine metabolism in growing lambs. Twelve 5-month-old male lambs maintained on alfalfa hay (3% BW) and non-fluorinated water ad libitum were used. Animals were allocated into Control, receiving 5g NaCl/animal/day + 0.2mg I/kg dry matter) and Treated group, receiving the same treatment plus sodium fluoride (4.7mg F/kg body weight). Mineral treatment was given by gavage, daily for 150 days. Blood, urine and fecal samples were collected during and the end of the experiment. At the end of treatment period animals were euthanized and kidney, pineal and bone samples were collected. Urine F was higher in treated animals throughout the experiment. Bone F levels were also increased in treated animals; pineal F content however, was not different between groups. Kidney histology revealed no differences. It is concluded that chronic F administration induces accumulation of the element in the skeleton. However such fact appears not to be detrimental to animals. Rates of F accumulation in bone and urine excretion obtained in other species can not be used in growing lambs.

• Fluoride sheep serum urine bone

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Filappi A.R., Prestes D.S., Antes F.G., Flores E.L.M., Dressler V.L., Flores E.M.M. & Cecim M. 2008. [Metabolism and distribution of fluor in lambs chronically treated with sodium fluoride.] Metabolismo e distribuição do flúor em ovinos jovens tratados cronicamente com fluoreto de sódio. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(2):124-128. Departamento de Clínica de Grandes Animais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil. E-mail: afilappi@bol.com.br The objective of the present study was to evaluate fluorine metabolism in growing lambs. Twelve 5-month-old male lambs maintained on alfalfa hay (3% BW) and non-fluorinated water ad libitum were used. Animals were allocated into Control, receiving 5g NaCl/animal/day + 0.2mg I/kg dry matter) and Treated group, receiving the same treatment plus sodium fluoride (4.7mg F/kg body weight). Mineral treatment was given by gavage, daily for 150 days. Blood, urine and fecal samples were collected during and the end of the experiment. At the end of treatment period animals were euthanized and kidney, pineal and bone samples were collected. Urine F was higher in treated animals throughout the experiment. Bone F levels were also increased in treated animals; pineal F content however, was not different between groups. Kidney histology revealed no differences. It is concluded that chronic F administration induces accumulation of the element in the skeleton. However such fact appears not to be detrimental to animals. Rates of F accumulation in bone and urine excretion obtained in other species can not be used in growing lambs.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Afonso J.A.B., Ciarlini P.C., Kuchembuck M.R.G., Kohayagawa A., Feltrin L.P.Z., Ciarlini L.D.R.P., Laposy C.B., Mendonça C.L. & Takahira R.K. 2002. [Oxidative metabolism of the neutrophils in sheep treated with sodium monensin and experimentally submitted to ruminal acidosis.] Metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos de ovinos tratados com monensina sódica e experimentalmente submetidos à acidose ruminal. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 22(4):129-134. Clinica de Bovinos, UFRPE, Cx. Postal 152, Garanhuns, PE 55292-901, Brazil. Ruminal acidosis is due to excessive ingestion of carbohydrates of rapid fermentation without previous adaptation of the microorganisms, causing severe metabolic disturbances to the animals. The objective of the present study was to assess the neutrophilic oxidative metabolism in sheep treated with sodium monensin in experimentally induced ruminal lactic acidosis. A total of 18 mate sheep, half-bred (Ideal x Merino), fistulated in the rumen, were used; nine of them received 33 mg/kg of the ionophore diet per day, for 30 days; the others were controls. The acidosis was induced by supplying 15g of sucrose/kg of body weight. The clinical evaluation and the rumen and blood samples were obtained before (Oh) and at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours post-induction. In both groups, all the animals presented clinical manifestations of ruminal lactic acidosis 6 hours after the induction. From this period on, a significant pH decrease (P<0.05) was observed in the ruminal fluid, which reached levels below 5. There were relevant differences (P<0.05) between the groups 12 hours after the induction, when the sheep treated with monensin had higher values than those of the control group. During this period, the oxidative metabolism of the neutrophils remained inhibited, and the reestablishment of this function only occurred in the sheep which received monensin. Blood pH, plasmatic glucose and the ionizable calcium suffered alterations within its levels. The seric cortisol concentration rose significantly (P<0.05) in both groups, although differences (P<0.05) between them were found at the end of the observation period. The treatment with monensin did not influence the oxidative metabolism of the neutrophils inhibited by the lactic acidosis; however, a faster recovery of this metabolism was verified in the animals treated with the ionophore.

• Ruminal acidosis ionophores sheep Acidose ruminal ionóforos ovinos.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Afonso J.A.B., Ciarlini P.C., Kuchembuck M.R.G., Kohayagawa A., Feltrin L.P.Z., Ciarlini L.D.R.P., Laposy C.B., Mendonça C.L. & Takahira R.K. 2002. [Oxidative metabolism of the neutrophils in sheep treated with sodium monensin and experimentally submitted to ruminal acidosis.] Metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos de ovinos tratados com monensina sódica e experimentalmente submetidos à acidose ruminal. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 22(4):129-134. Clinica de Bovinos, UFRPE, Cx. Postal 152, Garanhuns, PE 55292-901, Brazil. A acidose láctica ruminal é causada pela ingestão excessiva de carboidratos de fermentação rápida sem uma prévia adaptação dos mocroorganismos, podendo com isso gerar distúrbios metabólicos graves aos ruminantes. Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar o metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos em ovinos tratados com a monensina sódica na acidose láctica ruminal induzida experimentalmente. Foram empregados 18 ovinos, machos, mestiços (Ideal x Merino), fistulados no rúmen; dos quais nove receberam 33 mg/kg da dieta do ionóforo ao dia, durante 30 dias, os demais ovinos pertenceram ao grupo controle. A acidose foi induzida fornecendo 15g de sacarose/kg de peso corporal. A avaliação clínica e as amostras de rúmen e sangüíneas foram obtidas antes (momento controle) 0h e às 6h, 12h, 24h e 48h pós-indução. Em ambos os grupos os animais apresentaram manifestações clínicas de acidose láctica ruminal 6 horas pós-indução. A partir deste período se observou uma diminuição significativa (p< 0,05) do pH no fluido ruminal, que alcançou valores inferiores a cinco, e diferenças significativas (p< 0,05) entre os grupos a partir das 12h pós-indução foram constatadas, nos quais os ovinos tratados com a monensina apresentaram valores superiores em relação aos do grupo controle. Durante este período ocorreu uma inibição do metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos nos animais estudados, ocorrendo restabelecimento desta função somente nos ovinos que receberam a monensina. O pH sangüíneo, a glicose plasmática e o cálcio ionizável sofreram alterações nos seus índices. A concentração do cortisol sérico elevou-se de forma significativa (p< 0,05) em ambos os grupos, porém diferenças (p< 0,05) entre eles foram constatadas ao final no período de observação. O tratamento com a monensina não influenciou o metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos, inibido pela acidose láctica; porém se verificou uma recuperação mais rápida deste metabolismo nos animais em que receberam o ionóforo.