PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Mayorga L.F.S.P., Bhering R.C.C., Medeiros L.C.C., Silva E.L.F., Nóbrega Y.C., Rangel M.C.V., Fonseca L.A. & Rossi Junior J.L. 2016. [Hematological and biochemical values of Magellanic penguins in rehabilitation in Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil.] Valores hematológicos e bioquímicos de pinguins-de-Magalhães em reabilitação no Espírito Santo, sudeste do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(Supl.1):65-70. Instituto de Pesquisa e Reabilitação de Animais Marinhos, Rodovia BR-262 Km 0, Cariacica, ES 29140-130, Brazil. E-mail: luisfelipe@ipram-es.org.br This paper reports hematological and biochemical values of juveniles Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) stranded in Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil, that were sent for rehabilitation. The average values were: erythrocytes 2.55±0,54 milhões/µL, hemoglobin 13.37±3,91g/dL, hematocrit 41.5±0.04%, plasma protein 6.34±0.81g/dL, leukocytes 16,301±6,402/µL, thrombocytes 20,516±4,591 células/µL3, mean cell volume (MCV) 172.0±53.0 fL, mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 26.41±0.02%, alanine transaminase (ALT) 50.0±17.89 U/L, uric acid 8.93±3.0mg/dL, albumin 1.68±0.53mg/dL, calcium 9.7±0.57mg/dL, phosphorus 10.39±8.5mg/dL and glucose 211.6±30.3mg/dL. Values of erythrocytes, MCV and MCH were discrepant in relation to the current reference values. Leukocytes and thrombocytes values has meant inconclusive. Hematocrit, hemoglobin, plasma protein and biochemical values provided important contribution for the establishment of reference parameters.

• Hematology penguins Spheniscus magellanicus hematologia pinguins-de-Magalhães

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Mayorga L.F.S.P., Bhering R.C.C., Medeiros L.C.C., Silva E.L.F., Nóbrega Y.C., Rangel M.C.V., Fonseca L.A. & Rossi Junior J.L. 2016. [Hematological and biochemical values of Magellanic penguins in rehabilitation in Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil.] Valores hematológicos e bioquímicos de pinguins-de-Magalhães em reabilitação no Espírito Santo, sudeste do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(Supl.1):65-70. Instituto de Pesquisa e Reabilitação de Animais Marinhos, Rodovia BR-262 Km 0, Cariacica, ES 29140-130, Brazil. E-mail: luisfelipe@ipram-es.org.br Este trabalho apresenta valores hematológicos e bioquímicos de pinguins-de-Magalhães (Spheniscus magellanicus) juvenis que arribaram no Espírito Santo e Rio de Janeiro, litoral sudeste do Brasil, e foram encaminhados a reabilitação. Os valores médios obtidos foram: eritrócitos 2.55±0.54 milhões/µL; hemoglobina 13,37±3,91g/dL; hematócrito 41,5±0,04%; proteína plasmática 6,34±0,81g/dL; leucócitos 16.301±6.402/µL; trombócitos 20.516±4.591 células/µL; volume corpuscular médio (VCM) 172,0±53,0 fL; concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM) 26,41±0,02%; alanina transaminase (ALT) 50,0±17,89 U/L; ácido úrico 8,93±3,0mg/dL; albumina 1,68±0,53g/dL; cálcio 9,7±0,57mg/dL; fósforo 10,39±8,5mg/dL e glicose 211,6±30,3mg/dL. Valores de eritrócitos, VCM e CHCM foram discrepantes em relação aos valores de referência atuais. Valores de leucócitos e trombócitos tem significado inconclusivo. Hematócrito, hemoglobina, proteína plasmática e valores bioquímicos forneceram importante contribuição para o estabelecimento de parâmetros de referência.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Campos A.G.S.S., Santos R.A., Afonso J.A.B., Soares P.C., Fagliari J.J., Silva P.C. & Mendonça C.L. 2016. [Electrophoretic profile of the colostrum of ewes supplemented with propylene glycol and cobalt associated with vitamin B12 in late pregnancy.] Perfil eletroforético do colostro de ovelhas suplementadas com propileno glicol e cobalto associado à vitamina B12 no final da gestação. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(Supl.1):95-100. Clínica de Bovinos, Campus Garanhuns, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Avenida Bom Pastor s/n, Boa Vista, Cx. Postal 152, Garanhuns, PE 55292-270, Brazil. E-mail: annegracevet@yahoo.com.br This study aimed to evaluate the proteinogram of the colostrum of ewes submitted to administration of propylene glycol and cobalt associated with vitamin B12 in late pregnancy. Eighteen pregnant Santa Inês ewes 18 months to 5 years old were distributed by probabilistic sampling into three experimental groups, about 30 days before the expected delivery date. In group 1 (G1/n=6), daily oral doses of 30ml propylene glycol PA were administered; Group 2 (G2/n=2) received a daily oral dosage of 1mg cobalt chloride in 1% solution and 2mg of vitamin B12 intramuscularly once a week, and Group 3 (G3/n=6) was the control group. Soon after delivery 30mL of colostrum was harvested from each ewe, which were stored in appropriate containers and sent to the laboratory. After homogenization, we added to each 1000µL of colostrum 75µL solution of rennin, which was kept in a water bath at 37°C for about 20 minutes and centrifuged at 21.000G for 10 minutes in a refrigerated centrifuge. Later, the intermediate fraction, corresponding to colostrum whey, was aliquoted and kept in a -80oC ultrafreezer for subsequent determination of proteins. The determination of the total colostral protein whey was performed using a commercial reagent, observing the linearity test for colostrum. The separation of proteins was performed using the technique of electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE). Lactoferrin, IgA, albumin, IgG heavy chain (IgGCP), β-casein, IgG light chain (IgGCL), β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin proteins were identified. There was no influence of the administration of supplements during late pregnancy on the concentration of proteins identified in the colostrum of the ewes.

• Propylene glycol cobalt vitamin B12 colostrum sheep propileno glicol cobalto vitamina B12 colostro ovinos

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Campos A.G.S.S., Santos R.A., Afonso J.A.B., Soares P.C., Fagliari J.J., Silva P.C. & Mendonça C.L. 2016. [Electrophoretic profile of the colostrum of ewes supplemented with propylene glycol and cobalt associated with vitamin B12 in late pregnancy.] Perfil eletroforético do colostro de ovelhas suplementadas com propileno glicol e cobalto associado à vitamina B12 no final da gestação. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(Supl.1):95-100. Clínica de Bovinos, Campus Garanhuns, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Avenida Bom Pastor s/n, Boa Vista, Cx. Postal 152, Garanhuns, PE 55292-270, Brazil. E-mail: annegracevet@yahoo.com.br Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o proteinograma do colostro de ovelhas submetidas a administração de propileno glicol e de cobalto associado à vitamina B12 no final da gestação. Dezoito ovelhas da raça Santa Inês, prenhas e com idade variando entre 18 meses a cinco anos foram distribuídas, por amostragem probabilística em três grupos experimentais, aproximadamente 30 dias antes da data prevista para o parto. No Grupo 1 (G1/n=6) foram administrados 30mL de propileno glicol P.A. via oral diariamente; no Grupo 2 (G2/n=6) foi administrado 1mg de cloreto de cobalto em solução a 1% via oral diariamente e 2mg de vitamina B12, via intramuscular semanalmente e no Grupo 3 (G3/n=6): grupo controle. Logo após o parto procedeu-se a colheita de 30mL de colostro, que foram acondicionados em recipientes apropriados e encaminhados ao laboratório. Após homogeneização, adicionou-se a cada 1.000µL de colostro, 75µL de solução de renina, que foi mantido em banho-maria a 37ºC por aproximadamente 20 minutos e centrifugado a 21.000G durante dez minutos em centrífuga refrigerada. Posteriormente, a fração intermediária, correspondente ao soro do colostro, foi aliquotada e mantida em ultrafreezer a -80oC para posterior determinação das proteínas. A determinação da proteína total do soro colostral foi realizada empregando-se reagente comercial. A separação das proteínas foi realizada utilizando-se a técnica de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida contendo dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE). Foram identificadas as proteínas IgA, lactoferrina, albumina, IgG de cadeia pesada (IgGCP), β-caseína, IgG de cadeia leve (IgGCL), β-lactoglobulina and α-lactoalbumina, não havendo influência da administração dos suplementos na fase final da gestação sobre as concentrações protéicas do colostro.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Namazi F., Omidi A., Abbasi S., Afsar M., Honarmand M. & Nazifi S. 2016. Starvation and refeeding in rats: effect on some parameters of energy metabolism and electrolytes and changes of hepatic tissue. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(Supl.1):101-105. Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. E-mail: fnamazi@shirazu.ac.ir Regarding the importance of starvation and refeeding and the occurrence of refeeding syndrome in various conditions, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of refeeding on some parameters of energy metabolism and electrolytes and changes of hepatic tissue in male Wistar rats. Fifty-seven rats were divided into six groups, having 6 to 11 rats. Food was provided ad-libitum until three months and then the first group was considered without starvation (day 0). Other rats were fasted for two weeks. Group 2 was applied to a group immediately after starvation (day 14). Groups 3 to 6 were refed in days 16 till 22, respectively. At the end of each period, blood and tissue samples were taken and histopathological and serum analysis, including serum electrolytes (calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium), the energy parameters (glucose, insulin, cortisol) and the liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP) were determined. Insulin decreased by starvation and then showed an increasing trend compared to starvation period, which the highest amount of this parameter was observed eight days post-refeeding. Serum glucose level showed the opposite pattern of insulin. Histopathological examination of the tissue sections revealed clear vacuoles after starvation and refeeding, in which the severity of lesions gradually decreased during refeeding. The cortisol level decreased by starvation and then increased during refeeding. Also, potassium and phosphorus concentrations declined by refeeding and the serum sodium and potassium levels were changed in the relatively opposite manner. The calcium level decreased by starvation and then increased during refeeding. These results could help recognize and remedy the refeeding syndrome.

• Energy metabolism electrolytes and changes hepatic tissue rat

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Namazi F., Omidi A., Abbasi S., Afsar M., Honarmand M. & Nazifi S. 2016. Starvation and refeeding in rats: effect on some parameters of energy metabolism and electrolytes and changes of hepatic tissue. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(Supl.1):101-105. Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. E-mail: fnamazi@shirazu.ac.ir Regarding the importance of starvation and refeeding and the occurrence of refeeding syndrome in various conditions, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of refeeding on some parameters of energy metabolism and electrolytes and changes of hepatic tissue in male Wistar rats. Fifty-seven rats were divided into six groups, having 6 to 11 rats. Food was provided ad-libitum until three months and then the first group was considered without starvation (day 0). Other rats were fasted for two weeks. Group 2 was applied to a group immediately after starvation (day 14). Groups 3 to 6 were refed in days 16 till 22, respectively. At the end of each period, blood and tissue samples were taken and histopathological and serum analysis, including serum electrolytes (calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium), the energy parameters (glucose, insulin, cortisol) and the liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP) were determined. Insulin decreased by starvation and then showed an increasing trend compared to starvation period, which the highest amount of this parameter was observed eight days post-refeeding. Serum glucose level showed the opposite pattern of insulin. Histopathological examination of the tissue sections revealed clear vacuoles after starvation and refeeding, in which the severity of lesions gradually decreased during refeeding. The cortisol level decreased by starvation and then increased during refeeding. Also, potassium and phosphorus concentrations declined by refeeding and the serum sodium and potassium levels were changed in the relatively opposite manner. The calcium level decreased by starvation and then increased during refeeding. These results could help recognize and remedy the refeeding syndrome.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Valente F.L., Ferreira A.P.B.R., Costa L.D., Louzada M.J.Q., Patarroyo J.H. & Vargas M.I. 2016. Effects of chronic mild stress on parameters of bone assessment in adult male and female rats. [Efeito do estresse moderado crônico sobre parâmetros de avaliação óssea em ratos adultos machos e fêmeas.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(Supl.1):106-112. Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil. E-mail: bebel@ufv.br Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disease of high prevalence and has great impact on quality of life, because the effects on bone structure increase the risk of fractures, what may be very debilitating. Based on the observation that patients with depression have lower bone mineral density than healthy individuals, many studies have indicated that stress could be an aggravating factor for bone loss. This study evaluates the effect of a protocol of chronic mild stress (CMS) on parameters of bone assessment in male and female rats. Five 5-monh-old rats of each sex underwent a schedule of stressor application for 28 days. Stressors included cold, heat, restraint, cage tilt, isolation, overnight illumination, and water and food deprivation. Five rats of each sex were kept under minimum intervention as control group. The animals were weighed at beginning and end of the period, and after euthanasia had their bones harvested. Femur, tibia and lumbar vertebrae were analyzed by bone densitometry. Biomechanical tests were performed in femoral head and diaphysis. Trabecular bone volume was obtained from histomorphometric analysis of femoral head and vertebral body, as well as of femoral midshaft cross-sectional measures. Not all parameters analyzed showed effect of CMS. However, tibial and L4 vertebral bone mineral density and cross-sectional cortical/medullar ratio of femoral shaft were lower in female rats submitted to the CMS protocol. Among male rats, the differences were significant for femoral trabecular bone volume and maximum load obtained by biomechanical test. Thus, it could be confirmed that CMS can affect the balance of bone homeostasis in rats, what may contribute to the establishment of osteopenia or osteoporosis.

• Stress osteoporosis bone densitometry bone histomorphometry

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Valente F.L., Ferreira A.P.B.R., Costa L.D., Louzada M.J.Q., Patarroyo J.H. & Vargas M.I. 2016. Effects of chronic mild stress on parameters of bone assessment in adult male and female rats. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(Supl.1):106-112. Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil. E-mail: bebel@ufv.br A osteoporose é uma doença multifatorial, de alta prevalência e que tem um grande impacto na qualidade de vida, principalmente porque os efeitos sobre a estrutura do osso aumentam o risco de fraturas, que podem ser muito debilitantes. Com base na observação de que pacientes com depressão têm menor densidade mineral óssea que indivíduos saudáveis​​, muitos estudos têm indicado que o estresse pode ser um fator agravante para a perda óssea. Este estudo avalia o efeito de um protocolo de estresse moderado crônico (EMC) em parâmetros de avaliação óssea em ratos machos e fêmeas. Cinco animais de cada sexo, com cinco meses de idade, foram submetidos a um cronograma de aplicação de estressores durante 28 dias. Os estressores incluídos foram: frio, calor, contenção, inclinação da gaiola, isolamento, iluminação durante a noite e privação de água e ração. Cinco animais de cada sexo foram mantidos com um mínimo de intervenção como grupo controle. Os animais foram pesador no início e no final do período, e após eutanásia tiveram seus ossos coletados. Fêmur, tíbia e vértebra lombar foram analisados por densitometria óssea. Testes biomecânicos foram realizados na cabeça e na diáfise do fêmur. Volume trabecular ósseo foi obtido a partir de análise histomorfométricas da cabeça do fêmur e do corpo vertebral, bem como medidas da seção transversal diáfise femoral. Nem todos os parâmetros avaliados sofreram efeito do protocolo de EMC. No entanto, a densidade mineral óssea da tíbia e da vértebra L4 e a razão osso cortical/medula da seção transversal da diáfise femoral foram menores nas fêmeas submetidas ao protocolo. Entre os ratos machos, as diferenças foram significativas no volume trabecular ósseo da cabeça femoral e na carga máxima obtida no teste biomecânico. Assim, confirma-se que o protocolo de EMC pode afetar o equilíbrio da homeostase óssea em ratos, o que pode contribuir para o estabelecimento de osteopenia ou osteoporose.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Dognani R., Pierre E.J., Silva M.C.P., Patrício M.A.C., Costa S.C., Prado J.R. & Lisbôa J.A.N. 2016. [Epidemiology of rabies in large animals of Parana, Brazil, from 1977 to 2012.] Epidemiologia descritiva da raiva dos herbívoros notificados no estado do Paraná entre 1977 e 2012. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(12):1145-1154. Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 10011, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil. E-mail: janlisboa@uel.br A descriptive epidemiological survey of rabies in herbivorous reared in the state of Parana, Brazil, was carried out from 1977 to 2012. The positive cases and the total number of brain samples processed for diagnostic purposes were distributed according to species, year, month, geographical region and municipality. Chi-square test was used to verify if rabies was associated to these factors. Probabilistic model was applied to historical series in order to verify cyclic and seasonal patterns. In Parana, rabies is an endemic disease with variable yearly occurrence, without seasonal pattern and with a possible cyclic pattern every 18 years. Cattle (86.9%) and equides (11.3%) were mainly affected. Rabies was registered in 47.6% of all municipalities, indicating a great spread of this disease in Parana, mainly during the last decade. Middlewest and Curitiba regions, followed by Pioneer North and West regions, were the areas of most occurrence. The number of cases per municipality was weakly correlated with the number of shelters for Desmodus rotundus (r=0.469; p<0.0001). Therefore, we suggest that annual immunization of cattle and equides should be applied in the high occurrence areas (Middlewest and Curitiba regions) and encouraged in intermediate occurrence areas (Pioneer North and West regions).

• Rabies Lyssavirus encephalitis raiva encefalite

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Dognani R., Pierre E.J., Silva M.C.P., Patrício M.A.C., Costa S.C., Prado J.R. & Lisbôa J.A.N. 2016. [Epidemiology of rabies in large animals of Parana, Brazil, from 1977 to 2012.] Epidemiologia descritiva da raiva dos herbívoros notificados no estado do Paraná entre 1977 e 2012. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(12):1145-1154. Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 10011, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil. E-mail: janlisboa@uel.br Realizou-se estudo epidemiológico descritivo da raiva dos herbívoros no estado do Paraná entre os anos de 1977 e 2012. Os casos confirmados de raiva e o total de amostras de encéfalo encaminhadas para o diagnóstico foram distribuídos por espécie, por ano, por meses, por mesorregião geográfica e por municípios, aplicando-se o teste de Qui-quadrado para verificar se havia associação com esses fatores. Modelo probabilístico foi ajustado à série histórica para verificação de padrões cíclico ou sazonal. Comprovou-se que a raiva é uma doença endêmica no PR, com ocorrência variável entre os anos, sem padrão sazonal e com ciclicidade aparente a cada 18 anos, acometendo, sobretudo, bovinos (86,9%) e equídeos (11,3%). Verificou-se grande difusão no estado (47,6% dos municípios), e a maior expansão geográfica aconteceu na última década. As áreas de ocorrência maior foram as mesorregiões Centro Oriental e de Curitiba, seguidas por Norte Pioneiro e Oeste. O número de casos de raiva por município se correlacionou, ainda que fracamente, com o número de abrigos de Desmodus rotundus (r=0,469; p<0,0001). Sugere-se que a imunização anual de bovinos e equídeos passe a ser adotada nas áreas de maior ocorrência (mesorregiões Centro Oriental e de Curitiba) e encorajada nas de ocorrência intermediária (mesorregiões Norte Pioneiro e Oeste).

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Song X., Cao M., Yin Z., Jia R., Zou Y., Li L., Yue G., Liang X., Yin L. & He C. 2016. Effects of polysaccharide from Ophiopogon japonicus on immune response to Newcastle disease vaccine in chicken. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(12):1155-1159. Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China. E-mail: yinzhongq@163.com In order to investigate the immune enhancement effects of Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide Ophiopogon japonicus (OJPS) on Newcastle disease (ND) live vaccine, chickens vaccinated against ND live vaccine was orally administered with the OJPS at high, medium and low concentrations respectively. In negative control group, chickens were given orally equal volume of physiological saline. On day 14, 21 and 28, the serum antibody titer, erythrocyte-C3b receptor rosette rate (E-C3bRR), erythrocyte-C3b immune complex rosette rate (E-ICRR) and peripheral lymphocyte proliferation were measured. The results showed that at most time points, the antibody titer, peripheral lymphocyte proliferation, E-C3bRR and elimination rate of immune complex of three OJPS administrating groups were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those in negative control group. It indicated that OJPS could significantly improve the immune efficacy of Newcastle disease live vaccine, Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide possessed synergistical immunoenhancement.

• Ophiopogon japonicus Newcastle disease antibody titer lymphocyte proliferation immunity vaccine

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Song X., Cao M., Yin Z., Jia R., Zou Y., Li L., Yue G., Liang X., Yin L. & He C. 2016. Effects of polysaccharide from Ophiopogon japonicus on immune response to Newcastle disease vaccine in chicken. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(12):1155-1159. Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China. E-mail: yinzhongq@163.com In order to investigate the immune enhancement effects of Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide Ophiopogon japonicus (OJPS) on Newcastle disease (ND) live vaccine, chickens vaccinated against ND live vaccine was orally administered with the OJPS at high, medium and low concentrations respectively. In negative control group, chickens were given orally equal volume of physiological saline. On day 14, 21 and 28, the serum antibody titer, erythrocyte-C3b receptor rosette rate (E-C3bRR), erythrocyte-C3b immune complex rosette rate (E-ICRR) and peripheral lymphocyte proliferation were measured. The results showed that at most time points, the antibody titer, peripheral lymphocyte proliferation, E-C3bRR and elimination rate of immune complex of three OJPS administrating groups were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those in negative control group. It indicated that OJPS could significantly improve the immune efficacy of Newcastle disease live vaccine, Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide possessed synergistical immunoenhancement.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Guimarães F.F., Joaquim S.F., Manzi M.P., Silva R.C., Bruder-Nascimento A.C.M.O., Costa E.O. & Langoni H. 2016. Comparison phenotypic and genotypic identification of Staphylococcus species isolated from bovine mastitis. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(12):1160-1164. Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Jr s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil. E-mail: hlangoni@fmvz.unesp.br In addition to Staphylococcus aureus nowadays other coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), earlier considered of minor importance, are now accepted as relevant pathogens for humans and animals. The involvement of these microorganisms in bovine mastitis etiology and the possibility their transmission through milk to humans justify the requirement of developing reliable methods for identification of the most frequent species among them. The purpose of this study was to compare the phenotypic techniques with the genotypic method carried out by sequencing of the rpoB gene in identification of several species of the genus Staphylococcus isolated from bovine mastitis. A total of 300 staphylococci isolates of bovine mastitis cases from several Brazilian dairy herds were studied by phenotypic and genotypic techniques, respectively: 150 CoPS and 150 CoNS strains. A total of 18 CoNS different species and 4 CoPS species were identified. Among the CoNS the following species were recognized: 48 (32%) Staphylococcus warneri, 22(15%) S. epidermidis, 20(13%) S. hyicus, 10(7%) S. xylosus, 7(5%) S. haemolyticus, 6(4%) S. simulans, 6(4%) S. schleiferi subsp schleiferi, 6(4%) S. hominis, 5(3%) S. pasteuri, 4(2.7%) S. cohnii, 3(2%) S. saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus 3(2%) S. chromogenes 3(2%) S. sciuri, 2(1%) S. saccharolyticus, 2(1%) S. lugdunensi, 1(0,7%) S. auricularis, 1(70%) S. saprophyticus subsp. bovis, 1(0.7%) S. capitis. And among the 150 CoPS were identified respectively: 105 (70%) S. aureus, 21(14%), S. hyicus, 19(13%) S. intermedius e 5(3%) S. schleiferi subsp coagulans. Considering the 150 CoNS isolates, the identifications performed by phenotypic and genotypic tests presented 96.7% of concordance, kappa coefficient of agreement = 0.933, SE (standard error) of kappa=0.021 (95% confidence interval: 0.893 to 0.974), Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) = 0.9977, (confidence interval 95%: 0.9938 a 0.9992) and in relation to 150 CPS isolates it was detected an agreement of 98.7%, kappa = 0.960, SE of kappa = 0.016, (95% confidence interval: 0.929 to 0.992) Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) = 0.9994 (95% confidence interval: 0.9681 to 1.0000). The verified agreement strength between the identification methods can be considered as excellent. These results assure that according to laboratory resources any of them will be suitable to perform the staphylococci identification.

• Phenotype genotype Staphylococcus spp. mastitis fenotipo genótipo mastite

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Guimarães F.F., Joaquim S.F., Manzi M.P., Silva R.C., Bruder-Nascimento A.C.M.O., Costa E.O. & Langoni H. 2016. Comparison phenotypic and genotypic identification of Staphylococcus species isolated from bovine mastitis. [Comparação da identificação fenotípica e genotípica de espécies do gênero Staphylococcus isoladas de mastite bovina.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(12):1160-1164. Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Jr s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil. E-mail: hlangoni@fmvz.unesp.br Além de Staphylococcus aureus atualmente outros estafilococos coagulase positiva (SCP) e estafilococos coagulase-negativos (SCN), anteriormente considerados de menor relevância, são reconhecidos como importantes patógenos para humanos e animais. O envolvimento desses micro-organismos na etiologia da mastite bovina e a possibilidade da sua transmissão através do leite aos humanos justifica a utilização de métodos confiáveis para a identificação das espécies mais frequentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as técnicas fenotípicas com o método genotípico realizada por sequenciamento do gene rpoB na identificação de espécies do gênero Staphylococcus spp. isolados de mastite bovina. Um total de 300 estafilococos isolados de casos de mastite bovina em diferentes rebanhos leiteiros brasileiros foram estudados por técnicas fenotípicas e genotípicas, respectivamente: 150 linhagens de SCP e 150 linhagens de SCN. Foram identificados um total de 18 espécies de SCN e 4 espécies SCP. Entre os SCN as seguintes espécies identificadas: 48 (32%) Staphylococcus warneri, 22 (15%) S. epidermidis, 20 (13%) S. hyicus, 10 (7%) S. xylosus, 7 (5%) S. haemolyticus, 6 (4%) S. simulans, 6 (4%) S. schleiferi subsp schleiferi, 6 (4%) S. hominis, 5 (3%) S. pasteuri, 4 (2,7%) S. cohnii, 3 (2%) S. saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus, 3 (2%) S. chromogenes, 3 (2%) S. sciuri, 2 (1%) S. saccharolyticus, 2 (1%) S. lugdunensi, 1 (0,7%) S. auricularis, 1 (70 %) S. saprophyticus subsp. bovis, 1 (0,7%) S. capitis. E entre as 150 SCP foram identificados, 105 (70%) S. aureus, 21 (14%), S. hyicus, 19 (13%) S. intermedius e 5 (3%) S. schleiferi subsp coagulans. Considerando-se os 150 SCN isolados, as identificações realizadas por testes fenotípicos e genotípicos apresentaram 96,7% de concordância, coeficiente de concordância kappa = 0,933, SE (erro padrão) de kappa = 0,021 (95% intervalo de confiança: 0,893-0,974), coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (r) = 0,9977, (intervalo de confiança de 95%: 0,9938 a 0,9992) e em relação a 150 SCP isolados foi observado uma concordância de 98,7%, kappa = 0,960, sE de kappa = 0,016, (95% de intervalo de confiança: 0,929 a 0,992) coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (r) = 0,9994 (95% intervalo de confiança: 0,9681-1,0000). A correlação entre os métodos de identificação pode ser considerada como excelente. Esses resultados demonstraram que de acordo com os recursos disponíveis no laboratório, poderia ser utilizada qualquer uma das metodologias.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Guerra Filho J.B.P., Yamatogi R.S., Possebon F.S., Fernandes S.A., Tiba-Casas M.R., Lara G.H.B., Ribeiro M.G. & Pinto J.P.A.N. 2016. Frequency, serotyping and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella from feces and lymph nodes of pigs. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(12):1165-1170. Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicna Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil. E-mail: josepaes@fmvz.unesp.br Salmonellosis is a foodborne disease caused by bacteria of the genus Salmonella, being pigs and pork-products potentially important for its occurrence. In recent decades, some serovars of Salmonella have shown increase of resistance to conventional antimicrobials used in human and animal therapy, with serious risks for public health. The aim of this study was to evaluate feces (n=50), mediastinal (n=50), mesenteric (n=50) and mandibular (n=50) lymph nodes obtained from slaughter houses for Salmonella spp. Positive samples were serotyped and subjected to an in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test, including the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production. Salmonella species were identified in 10% (20/200) of total samples. From these, 20% (10/50) were identified in the submandibular lymph nodes, 18% (9/50) in the mesenteric lymph nodes, 2% (1/50) in feces and 0% (0/50) in the mediastinal lymph nodes. The serotypes found were Salonella Typhimurium (55%), S. enterica subsp. enterica 4,5,12: i: - (35%), S. Brandenburg and S. Derby with 5% (5% each). All strains showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial; 90% were resistant to four or more antimicrobials, and 15% were multidrug-resistant. Resistance to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and nalidixic acid was particularly prevalent amongst the tested serovars. Here, we highlighted the impact of pigs in the epidemiological chain of salmonellosis in domestic animals and humans, as well as the high antimicrobial resistance rates of Salmonella strains, reinforcing the necessity for responsible use of antimicrobials for animals as an emergent One Health issue, and to keep these drugs for human therapy approaches.

• Serotyping Salmonella resistant serovars sorotipagem resistência antimicrobianos sorovares

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Guerra Filho J.B.P., Yamatogi R.S., Possebon F.S., Fernandes S.A., Tiba-Casas M.R., Lara G.H.B., Ribeiro M.G. & Pinto J.P.A.N. 2016. Frequency, serotyping and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella from feces and lymph nodes of pigs. [Isolamento, sorotipagem e padrões de resistência a antimicrobianos de Salmonella em fezes e linfonodos de suínos.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(12):1165-1170. Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicna Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil. E-mail: josepaes@fmvz.unesp.br Nas últimas décadas, o aumento de cepas circulante de Salmonella concomitantemente a resistência microbiana tem despertado a preocupação dos órgãos de Saúde Pública. Deste modo, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi pesquisar a presença de Salmonella a partir de fezes (n=50), linfonodos mediastinos (n=50), mesentéricos (n=50) e submandibular (n=50) oriundos de um abatedouro suíno. As cepas isoladas foram sorotipadas e testadas quanto a resistência antimicrobiana. A presença de Salmonella isolada foram em 10% (20/200) do total de amostras, sendo 20% dos linfonodos submandibulares, 18% dos linfonodos mesentéricos e 2% das fezes. Os sorotipos encontrados foram S. Typhimurium (55%), S. enterica subsp. enterica 4,5,12: i: - (35%), S. Brandenburg (5%) e S. Derby (5%). Todas a cepas apresentaram resistência a pelo menos um antimicrobiano testado, sendo 90% resistente pelo menos quatro antimicrobianos. Destes, 15% foram classificadas como multidrogas resistentes. Os antimicrobianos mais resistentes entre os sorovares isolados foram a ciprofloxacina, tetraciclina e o ácido nalidixico. A presença de cepas de Salmonella resistente a antimicrobianos na espécie suína tem gerado um grande impacto epidemiológico entre homem e animal, reforçando cada vez mais a necessidade do uso adequado de drogas principalmente relacionado com o tema “One Health”.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Botoni L.S., Scherer C.B., Silva R.O., Coura F.M., Heinemann M.B., Paes-Leme F.O. & Costa-Val A.P. 2016. Prevalence and in vitro susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) from skin and nostrils of dogs with superficial pyoderma. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(12):1178-1180. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Cx. Postal 567, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-010, Brazil. E-mail: adriane@ufmg.br In order to assess the prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from skin and nostrils of dogs with pyoderma, to determine its in vitro susceptibility, and to correlate these data with the presence of the mecA gene, 43 dogs were selected. Samples were collected from secretion of their skin lesions and right nostril, cultured, and analyzed for phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the bacteria studied. In 62 samples (91%) the microorganism was classified as S. pseudintermedius. The rate of resistance against antibiotics ranged from 7% (amikacin; 4/62) to 77% (sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim; 48/62). Resistance against oxacillin was found in 34% of the samples (21/62). Twenty-five samples (37%) were strains that carried the mecA gene. A significant correlation (P<0.01) was found between presence of the mecA gene and oxacillin resistance. Seventeen dogs were mecA gene carriers, and 8 (47%) of them had the gene in the skin lesions and nostril. A significant correlation (P<0.01) was also observed between the presence of mecA gene in the skin lesions and nostrils. Oxacillin resistance in vitro can be safely used to indicate the presence of mecA gene in MRSP samples. The nostrils can be a reservoir of MRSP in dogs.

• Skin disease Staphylococcus pseudintermedius antibiotics oxacillin pele antibióticos oxacilina

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Botoni L.S., Scherer C.B., Silva R.O., Coura F.M., Heinemann M.B., Paes-Leme F.O. & Costa-Val A.P. 2016. Prevalence and in vitro susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) from skin and nostrils of dogs with superficial pyoderma. [Prevalência e suscetibilidade in vitro de Staphylococcus pseudintermedius resistente à meticilina (MRSP) oriundos de pele e narinas de cães com piodermite superficial.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(12):1178-1180. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Cx. Postal 567, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-010, Brazil. E-mail: adriane@ufmg.br Para acessar a prevalência de MRSP na pele e nas narinas de cães com piodermite superficial, determinar a suscetibilidade in vitro, e correlacionar estes dados com a presença do gene mecA, foram selecionados 43 cães. Amostras de lesões de pele e narinas foram coletadas, cultivadas, e analisadas fenotipica e genotipicamente. Em 62 amostras (91%), os microrganismos foram classificados como Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. A taxa de resistência a antibióticos variou entre 7% (amicacina; 4/62) e 77% (sulfamethoxazol + trimetoprim; 48/62). Resistência a oxacilina foi observada em 34% das amostras (21/62). Vinte e cinco amostras (37%), eram cepas portadoras do gene mecA. Correlação significativa (P<0,01) foi observada entre a presença do gene mecA e a resistência à oxacilina. Considerando os cães, 17 eram portadores de cepas com gene mecA e 8(47%) delas carreavam este gene nas amostras de lesão de pele e nas narinas. Correlação significativa (P>0,01) foi observada entre a presença do gene mecA nas lesões de pele e nas narinas. Sendo assim, resistência à oxacilina in vitro pode ser aferida com segurança para indicar a presença do gene mecA em amostras de MRSP, e as narinas podem constituir em um reservatório dos microorganismos em cães.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Fonseca L.A., Maia N.L., Girardi F.M.Carvalho Filho W.P., Pimentel F.G. & Braga F.R. 2016. [Evaluation of serum biochemical parameters in Amazon turtles (Podocnemis expansa) hatchlings kept in captivity.] Avaliação de parâmetros bioquímicos séricos em Tartarugas-da-Amazônia (Podocnemis expansa) mantidas em cativeiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(12):1186-1189. Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil. E-mail: leandroabreu@ufv.br Blood samples from the giant river turtle kept in captivity were analyzed in order to evaluate the serum biochemical constituents and relate to what has been reported by other researchers, beyond the purpose of generating further information, given the paucity of data involving this species. The turtle eggs were from the state of Tocantins and were obtained from direct sampling in their natural habitat. After being collected the eggs were kept in incubators and then the puppies were kept in tanks. Samples were collected after chemical restraint of these animals by intracardiac puncture or cardiocentesis. The samples were centrifuged to obtain serum. Biochemical analyzes were processed by kinetic and colorimetric methods, as described by the manufacturer, and the values obtained were: calcium 7.0+1.9mg/dL, phosphorus 2.8±1.2mg/dL, uric acid 1.8±0.8mg/dL, BUN 10.4+3.9mg/dL, alanine aminotransferase (AST) 75.5+33.6 IU/L, total protein 1.9±0.8g/dL, triglycerides 22.9+9.8mg/dL and cholesterol 45.3+19.7mg/dL. It was observed that the values of the evaluated blood components are similar to those found by other researchers in serum biochemical studies with samples of Podocnemis expansa. During this study we observed the paucity of published data on blood parameters of Podocnemis genus, especially P. expansa species, which confirmed the high relevance of the development of further research involving this topic.

• Podocnemis biochemistry giant river turtle bioquímica sérica Tartaruga-da-Amazônia

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Fonseca L.A., Maia N.L., Girardi F.M.Carvalho Filho W.P., Pimentel F.G. & Braga F.R. 2016. [Evaluation of serum biochemical parameters in Amazon turtles (Podocnemis expansa) hatchlings kept in captivity.] Avaliação de parâmetros bioquímicos séricos em Tartarugas-da-Amazônia (Podocnemis expansa) mantidas em cativeiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(12):1186-1189. Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil. E-mail: leandroabreu@ufv.br Amostras de sangue de Tartaruga-da-Amazônia mantidas em cativeiro foram analisadas com o propósito de avaliar os constituintes bioquímicos séricos e de relacionar ao que já foi relatado por outros pesquisadores, além de gerar mais informações, tendo em vista a escassez de dados envolvendo a espécie estudada. Foram utilizados 35 animais, com idade entre 3 e 7 meses, os quais foram contidos fisicamente para coleta de sangue em tubo sem anticoagulante. As análises bioquímicas foram processadas através de métodos cinéticos (enzimas) e colorimétricos (demais análises), e os valores médios obtidos foram: cálcio 7,0+1,9mg/dL, fóforo 2,8+1,2mg/dL, ácido úrico 1,8+0,8mg/dL, uréia 10,4+3,9mg/dL, alanina aminotransferase (AST) 75,5+33,6 UI/L, proteína total 1,9+0,8g/dL, triglicerídeos 22,9+9,8mg/dL e colesterol 45,3+19,7mg/dL. Observou-se que os valores dos componentes séricos avaliados assemelham-se aos que foram encontrados por outros pesquisadores em estudos bioquímicos séricos com Podocnemis expansa e outras tartarugas de água doce. Importante ressaltar que, no decorrer deste estudo observou-se a escassez de dados publicados sobre parâmetros sanguíneos de tartarugas do gênero Podocnemis, especialmente a espécie Podocnemis expansa, o que corroborou a alta relevância do desenvolvimento de mais pesquisas que envolvam a questão.