PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Feitosa F.L.F., Camargo D.G., Yanaka R., Mendes L.C.N, Peiró J.R., Bovino F., Lisboa J.A.N., Perri S.H.V. & Gasparelli E.R.F. 2010. [Index of failure of passive transfer (FPT) in Holstein and Nelore calves at 24 and 48 hours of life: suggestion of total protein, gamma globulin, immunoglobulin G and gamma glutamyl transferase serum activity values for diagnosis of FPT.] Índices de falha de transferência de imunidade passiva (FTIP) em bezerros holandeses e nelores, às 24 e 48 horas de vida: valores de proteína total, de gamaglobulina, de imunoglobulina G e da atividade sérica de gamaglutamiltransferase, para o diagnóstico de FTIP. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(8):696-704. Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Araçatuba, Rua Clóvis Pestana 793, Araçatuba, SP 16050-680, Brazil. E-mail: leydsonf@fmva.unesp.br In an attempt to determine the passive immunity failure in Holstein and Nelore calves, 413 blood samples were drawn from animals from both breeds. Calves born from pluriparous cows, from both breeds, and Holstein calves had greater serum concentrations of total protein, gamma globulin and IgG than Nelore newborns. However, the passive immune failure index was higher in Holstein calves than those found in Nelore calves at 24 and 48 hours. Some values of serum components were established to predict the passive immunity failure in dependency of environmental antigenic challenge.

• IgG passive immunity imunidade passiva

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Feitosa F.L.F., Camargo D.G., Yanaka R., Mendes L.C.N, Peiró J.R., Bovino F., Lisboa J.A.N., Perri S.H.V. & Gasparelli E.R.F. 2010. [Index of failure of passive transfer (FPT) in Holstein and Nelore calves at 24 and 48 hours of life: suggestion of total protein, gamma globulin, immunoglobulin G and gamma glutamyl transferase serum activity values for diagnosis of FPT.] Índices de falha de transferência de imunidade passiva (FTIP) em bezerros holandeses e nelores, às 24 e 48 horas de vida: valores de proteína total, de gamaglobulina, de imunoglobulina G e da atividade sérica de gamaglutamiltransferase, para o diagnóstico de FTIP. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(8):696-704. Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Araçatuba, Rua Clóvis Pestana 793, Araçatuba, SP 16050-680, Brazil. E-mail: leydsonf@fmva.unesp.br Com o objetivo de determinar os índices de falha de transferência de imunidade em bezerros holandeses e nelores foram selecionadas, aleatoriamente, 413 amostras sanguíneas de animais de ambas as raças. Os filhos de vacas pluríparas e os bezerros holandeses apresentaram maiores níveis séricos de proteína total, da fração gamaglobulina e de IgG, do que bezerros da raça Nelore. Contudo, os índices de falha de transferência de imunidade passiva foram mais elevados nos animais da raça Holandesa, às 24 e 48 horas de idade. Estabeleceram-se valores de alguns componentes séricos para o diagnóstico de falha de transferência de imunidade passiva, de acordo com o desafio antigênico ambiental.Com o objetivo de determinar os índices de falha de transferência de imunidade em bezerros holandeses e nelores foram selecionadas, aleatoriamente, 413 amostras sanguíneas de animais de ambas as raças. Os filhos de vacas pluríparas e os bezerros holandeses apresentaram maiores níveis séricos de proteína total, da fração gamaglobulina e de IgG, do que bezerros da raça Nelore. Contudo, os índices de falha de transferência de imunidade passiva foram mais elevados nos animais da raça Holandesa, às 24 e 48 horas de idade. Estabeleceram-se valores de alguns componentes séricos para o diagnóstico de falha de transferência de imunidade passiva, de acordo com o desafio antigênico ambiental.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Miyakawa V.I., Reis A.C.F. & Lisbôa J.A.N. 2009. [Epidemiological and clinical features of stephanofilariasis in dairy cows and diagnosis methods confrontation.] Aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos da estefanofilariose em vacas leiteiras e comparação entre métodos de diagnóstico. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(11):887-893. Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. E-mail: janlisboa@uel.br Stephanofilariasis is a worldwide disease caused by the nematode Stephanofilaria that determines skin lesions. In cattle, the chronic dermatitis is characteristic begining with papules that progress to nodules, alopecia and ulcers with crusts. Despite it’s long time recognition, there are few studies and reports about this disease, specially in Brazil. This work was conducted in order to investigate epidemiological and clinical features of stephanofilariasis in dairy cows and to compare two methods for the diagnosis confirmation. Fifty-eight naturally affected dairy cows from seven herds located in Santana do Itararé, state of Paraná, and Itaberá, state of São Paulo, were studied from January 2006 through August 2008. Two methods for the diagnosis confirmation were compared using biopsied tissues from the border of the skin lesion: the histopathological examination (n=24) and the direct sediment examination of an isotonic saline solution in which the tissue fragment remained soaked (n=20). The prevalence was higher from December to March (57%) and lactating cows were primarily affected (87,9%). The cranial aspect of the fore mammary glands was the main site of the skin lesions (96,7%), chiefly near the ventral midline (55%). The characteristic wound was of circular shape, ulcerated with crusts and serosanguineous exudation. Chronic dermatitis with eosinophilic and mononuclaer cell infiltrates was the histopathologic change pattern present. The parasite was not detected in any histologic section examined. The direct sediment examination otherwise proved to be efficient for the diagnosis confirmation revealing the nematode adult and larval forms in all the specimens.

• Estefanofilariose Stephanofilaria sp.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Miyakawa V.I., Reis A.C.F. & Lisbôa J.A.N. 2009. [Epidemiological and clinical features of stephanofilariasis in dairy cows and diagnosis methods confrontation.] Aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos da estefanofilariose em vacas leiteiras e comparação entre métodos de diagnóstico. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(11):887-893. Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. E-mail: janlisboa@uel.br A estefanofilariose é uma doença mundialmente distribuída e caracteriza-se por lesões na pele causadas por nematódeo do gênero Stephanofilaria. Nos bovinos manifesta-se por uma dermatite crônica associada com erupção papular progredindo para nódulos, alopecia e ulceração crostosa. Apesar de reconhecida há muitos anos, há poucos estudos e relatos sobre a mesma. A literatura é particularmente escassa no Brasil. Esse trabalho teve como objetivos investigar aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos da estefanofilariose em vacas leiteiras naturalmente acometidas e comparar dois métodos para a confirmação do diagnóstico, o exame histopatológico e o exame direto. Foram investigados aspectos clínicos relacionados à ocorrência natural da estefanofilariose em 58 vacas de leite de sete rebanhos criados nos municípios de Santana do Itararé, PR e de Itaberá, SP durante o período de janeiro de 2006 a agosto de 2008. Dois métodos foram comparados para confirmação do diagnóstico a partir de tecido colhido por biópsia da borda das lesões, o histopatológico (n=24) e o exame direto do sedimento da solução salina isotônica na qual o tecido permaneceu embebido (n=20). A maior prevalência ocorreu de dezembro a março (57%) e a maioria das vacas era lactante (87,9%). As lesões se localizavam nos quartos anteriores do úbere em seu aspecto cranial (96,7%), principalmente próximo à linha média (55%). A lesão típica tinha formato circular era ulcerada com crostas e exibia exsudato sero-sanguinolento. No exame histopatológico evidenciou-se uma dermatite crônica com infiltrado mononuclear e eosinofílico. A presença do parasita não foi detectada em nenhum dos cortes examinados. O exame direto possibilitou a demonstração do agente em todas as amostras examinadas, comprovando-se como um método eficiente para a confirmação do diagnóstico.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Costa M.C., Flaiban K.K.M.C., Coneglian M.M., Feitosa F.L.F., Balarin M.R.S. & Lisbôa J.A.N. 2008. [Passive transfer of immunity in Nelore and Limousin calves and serum proteinogram in the first four months of life.] Transferência de imunidade passiva em bezerros das raças Nelore e Limousin e proteinograma sérico nos primeiros quatro meses de vida. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(9):410-416. Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. E-mail: janlisboa@uel.br To study the passive transfer of immunity, 90 healthy calves, 45 Nelore and 45 Limousin, were grouped (n=15) according to their dam’s parity: first, second or third or more calvings. Blood samples were draw from each calf with 24 to 36 hours of life and 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. The total serum (TSP) and plasma (TPP) proteins, gamaglutamiltransferase activity (GGT), serum albumin, alpha, beta and gammaglobulin by electrophoresis in agarose gel and IgG estimated by the zinc sulphate turbidity test were determined. Two-way-ANOVA was used to compare the data in the first age. The age behaviour was analysed through repeated measures ANOVA. Correlations were established between the variables. The passive transfer of immunity was successful in both breeds and the parity of the dam had no effect on the calves’ serum gammaglobulin concentration. The levels of gammaglobulins were higher at the end of the first day of life, and decreased until 60 days. From there on, the increase due to the active production of antibodies was precocious in taurine calves and slower in Zebu calves. At the end of the first day of life, the gammaglobulin was correlated with IgG (r=0,859), TPP (r=0,807), TSP (r=0,811) and GGT (r=0,399). The variation of serum proteins followed the normal pattern throughout the first four months of life, with little differences between taurine and Zebu calves.

• Calves Zebu taurine serum proteins immunoglobulins

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Costa M.C., Flaiban K.K.M.C., Coneglian M.M., Feitosa F.L.F., Balarin M.R.S. & Lisbôa J.A.N. 2008. [Passive transfer of immunity in Nelore and Limousin calves and serum proteinogram in the first four months of life.] Transferência de imunidade passiva em bezerros das raças Nelore e Limousin e proteinograma sérico nos primeiros quatro meses de vida. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(9):410-416. Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. E-mail: janlisboa@uel.br To study the passive transfer of immunity, 90 healthy calves, 45 Nelore and 45 Limousin, were grouped (n=15) according to their dam’s parity: first, second or third or more calvings. Blood samples were draw from each calf with 24 to 36 hours of life and 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. The total serum (TSP) and plasma (TPP) proteins, gamaglutamiltransferase activity (GGT), serum albumin, alpha, beta and gammaglobulin by electrophoresis in agarose gel and IgG estimated by the zinc sulphate turbidity test were determined. Two-way-ANOVA was used to compare the data in the first age. The age behaviour was analysed through repeated measures ANOVA. Correlations were established between the variables. The passive transfer of immunity was successful in both breeds and the parity of the dam had no effect on the calves’ serum gammaglobulin concentration. The levels of gammaglobulins were higher at the end of the first day of life, and decreased until 60 days. From there on, the increase due to the active production of antibodies was precocious in taurine calves and slower in Zebu calves. At the end of the first day of life, the gammaglobulin was correlated with IgG (r=0,859), TPP (r=0,807), TSP (r=0,811) and GGT (r=0,399). The variation of serum proteins followed the normal pattern throughout the first four months of life, with little differences between taurine and Zebu calves.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Costa M.C., Flaiban K.K.M.C., Coneglian M.M., Dognani R., Vettorato E.D., Balarin M.R.S. & Lisbôa J.A.N. 2008. [Neutrophil oxidative burst in Nelore and Limousin calves in the first four months of life.] Metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos de bezerros das raças Nelore e Limousin nos primeiros quatro meses de vida. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(9):431-436. Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. E-mail: janlisboa@uel.br To study some defence mechanisms of beef calves kept on range conditions, 90 healthy calves, 45 Nelore and 45 Limousin, were bled at 24 to 36 hours of life, 15, 30, 60, 90 and, 120 days. Leukogram and neutrophil oxidative burst through the non-stimulated and the stimulated NBT tests were determined. The parasitemia with Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina and B. bovis was investigated. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyse the age effect on leukocyte counts. Variation of positive neutrophil throughout the age was analysed through Krushkal-Wallis test. Comparisons among breeds were done using the Mann-Whithney test. The white blood cell count increased with age in both breeds, with a decrease in neutrophil and an increase in lymphocyte counts. The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio had been inverted before 15 days of life. The neutrophil oxidative burst was less effective in the newborn calves increasing with age. Limousin calves’ neutrophils had higher capacity to reduce NBT in advanced ages. The observed differences between taurine and Zebu calves had no effects on calves’ health and could be atributed to Anaplasma marginale natural and asynptomatic infection.

• Beef calf Zebu taurine NBT Anaplasma marginale

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Costa M.C., Flaiban K.K.M.C., Coneglian M.M., Dognani R., Vettorato E.D., Balarin M.R.S. & Lisbôa J.A.N. 2008. [Neutrophil oxidative burst in Nelore and Limousin calves in the first four months of life.] Metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos de bezerros das raças Nelore e Limousin nos primeiros quatro meses de vida. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(9):431-436. Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. E-mail: janlisboa@uel.br To study some defence mechanisms of beef calves kept on range conditions, 90 healthy calves, 45 Nelore and 45 Limousin, were bled at 24 to 36 hours of life, 15, 30, 60, 90 and, 120 days. Leukogram and neutrophil oxidative burst through the non-stimulated and the stimulated NBT tests were determined. The parasitemia with Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina and B. bovis was investigated. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyse the age effect on leukocyte counts. Variation of positive neutrophil throughout the age was analysed through Krushkal-Wallis test. Comparisons among breeds were done using the Mann-Whithney test. The white blood cell count increased with age in both breeds, with a decrease in neutrophil and an increase in lymphocyte counts. The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio had been inverted before 15 days of life. The neutrophil oxidative burst was less effective in the newborn calves increasing with age. Limousin calves’ neutrophils had higher capacity to reduce NBT in advanced ages. The observed differences between taurine and Zebu calves had no effects on calves’ health and could be atributed to Anaplasma marginale natural and asynptomatic infection.

Abstract in English:

In arder to study laboratorial aspects of beef cow mortality, a syndrome popularly known as "doença da vaca caída", examens were made of blood, cerebrospinal fluid, serum, bone and liver samples from 32 naturally affected 4 to 9 year old cows, 27 belonging to the Nellore breed and5 were crossbred Nellore, all originating from farms located in municipalities near Botucatu, State of São Paulo. Laboratory determinations were analysed by descriptive statistics and included hematological values, total plasma protein, plasma fibrinogen, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and concentration measurements of serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, total protein, albumin, globulin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, gama-glutamyltransferase and creatine kinase activities, included bane ash percentage and concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, and also hepatic levels of copper, zinc, iron, manganese and cobalt. In addition, mouse bioassays and complement micro-fixation tests were performed to detect botulinum toxins in liver samples. The results indicated leukocytosis (13,3±3,9 x103/mm3) with neutrophilia (8,9±3,2 x103/mm3), hypocalcemia (7,8±1,7mg/dl), hypophosphatemia (3,6±1,6mg/dl), hypoalbuminemia (2,9±0,9g/cll), increased creatine kinase activity (691,0±829,7 UI/1), and reduced ash percentage (60,3±1,9%) and low phosphorus (17,2±0,4%) in bane. The other values were all within normal limits. The diagnosis of botulism, involving type C and D toxins, was confirmed as the cause of the mortality in the region of study, what is strongly consistent with the other laboratorial findings.

• Bovine epizootic botulism hematology serum biochemistty mineral deficiency

Abstract in Portuguese:

Com o objetivo de verificar alguns aspectos laboratoriais da mortalidade de vacas de corte, popularmente conhecida como "doença da vaca caída", estudaram-se amostras de sangue total, líquor, soro sanguíneo, osso e fígado colhidas de 32 fêmeas bovinas (27 da raça Nelore e 5 mestiças), entre 4 e 9 anos de idade, naturalmente acometidas e pertencentes a propriedades rurais localizadas em municípios próximos a Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo. Procederam-se as determinações e o estudo estatístico descritivo das variáveis: 1) hematológicas, de proteínas plasmáticas totais e fibrinogênio; 2) dos aspectos físicos, bioquímicos e celularidade no líquor; 3) de cálcio, fósforo, magnésio, sódio, potássio; cloretos, proteína total, albumina, globulina e atividades da fosfatase alcalina, aspartato aminotransferase, gama-glutamiltransferase e creatina quinase no soro sanguíneo; 4) de cinzas, cálcio, fósforo e magnésio no osso, e, 5) de cobre, zinco, ferro, manganês e cobalto no fígado, empregando-se as provas de inoculação em camundongos e de microfixação de complemento para a detecção da presença de toxinas botulínicas nas amostras de tecido hepático. Os resultados apontaramcomo alterações, leucocitose (13,3±3,9 x103/mm3) com neutrofilia (8,9±3,2 x103/mm3), hipocalcemia (7,8±1,7mg/ dl), hipofosfatemia (3,6±1,6mg/dl), hipoalbuminemia (2,9±0,9g/dl), elevação na atividade da creatina quinase (692,0±829,7 UI/1) e reduções na cinza (60,3±1,9%) e fósforo (17,2±0,4%) ósseos, como indicativos do estado carencial de fósforo, apresentando-se as demais variáveis dentro dos limites de variação considerados normais para a espécie. O diagnóstico de botullsmo, com envolvimento das toxinas C e D, foi confirmado como a causa da mortalidade investigada na área de abrangência do estudo, e encontra coerência com o conjunto de resultados.

• Bovino botulismo epizoótico hematologia bioquímica sérica deficiência mineral

Abstract in English:

In order to investigate epidemiological and clinical aspects of beef cattle mortalities caused by botulism, a syndrome popularly known as "doença da vaca caída", studies were carried out in 32 naturally affected 4 to 9 year old cows, 27 belonging to the Nellore breed and 5 to crossbred Nellore, all from 27 farms located in municipalities near Botucatu, State of São Paulo. The epidemiological anel clinical features were based, respectively, on the farm and herd managements, and on the general physical examination of the cows. Mouse bioassay anel complement microfixation tests were performed to detect the presence of botulinum toxins in liver samples. The results showed that the disease occurs in beef cattle of range breeding systems, reared under inadequate mineral nutrition and deficient health management. Pregnant and milking cows represented the group at risk, anel the incidence was higher during the rainy season (December to March), with morbidity and mortality rates of 3,2 ± 3,6%. Clinical examination revealed cows with no alterations of vital signs, behavior, visual and auditory acuities and skin sensation; but revealed ruminai hypomotility, anorexia, dehydration, flaccid para or tetraparesis with permanent recumbency, and a paretic or paralytic tongue. The diagnosis of botulism, involving type C and D toxins, was consistent with the epidemiological and clinical findings.

• Cattle epizootic botulism epidemiology clinical signs

Abstract in Portuguese:

Com o objetivo de verificar aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos da mortalidade de vacas de corte causada pelo botulismo, popularmente conhecida como "doença da vaca caída", estudaram-se 32 vacas (27 da raça Nelore e 5 mestiças), entre 4 e 9 anos de idade, naturalmente acometidas, e pertencentes a 27 propriedades rurais distintas, localizadas em 17 municípios próximos a Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo. As caracterizações da epidemiologia e do conjunto de sintomas basearam-se, respectivamente, no histórico dos rebanhos acometidos e no exame clínico das vacas estudadas, com análise estatística descritiva. Empregaram-se as provas de inoculação em camundongos e de microfixação de complemento para a detecção de toxinas botulínicas em amostras de fígado colhidas durante a necropsia dos animais. Os resultados apontaram a ocorrência da doença em rebanhos de corte, explorados extensivamente, com manejas de suplementação mineral e sanitário inadequados. A incidência foi maior de dezembro a março, em vacas prenhes ou lactantes, com coeficientes de morbidade e mortalidade de 3,2 ± 3,6%. Clinicamente observaram-se funções vitais, comportamento, visão, audição e sensibilidade cutânea normais, porém hipotonia ruminal, anorexia, desidratação, para ou. tetraparesia flácidas com decúbito permanente e diminuição ou ausência do tônus da língua. O diagnóstico de botulismo, com envolvimento das toxinas tipos C e D, foi coerente com as observações epidemiológicas e clínicas.

• Bovinos botulismo epizoótico epidemiologia sintomas