Resultado da pesquisa (854)
Termo utilizado na pesquisa N.
#11 - Spontaneous poisoning of cattle by onion (Allium cepa) in Brazil
Abstract in English:
The state of Santa Catarina is the largest national producer of onions. The consumption of onion (Allium cepa) by domestic animals can cause hemolytic anemia and hyperhemoglobinemia of Heinz bodies in erythrocytes. The epidemiological data and the pathological clinical picture were obtained during a visit to the property where the disease occurred. A herd of 54 beef cattle from a property in the municipality of Bom Retiro/SC, was placed in an onion crop, which had not been completely harvested because it was outside the desired standard for trade. The animals remained in this field for eight days. At the end of this period, all of them presented apathy, anorexia, brown urine and mucous membranes and an onion odor on expiration. The macroscopic changes observed were pale mucous membranes, blood with decreased viscosity and increased clotting time, liver with an evident lobular pattern and remains of onion in the rumen. The carcass gave off a strong onion odor. By histological analysis, there was central lobular coagulation necrosis in bridging in the liver. In the kidneys, there were intracytoplasmic hyaline droplets in tubular epithelial cells and a deposit of eosinophilic material in the lumen of the tubules. For the diagnosis of onion poisoning, epidemiological data associated with clinical signs, such as pale mucous membranes with evidence of hemoglobin pigmentation (brown mucosa) and hemoglobinuria, should be taken into account. This article seems to be the first report of onion poisoning in cattle in Brazil.
Abstract in Portuguese:
O estado de Santa Catarina é o maior produtor nacional de cebola. O consumo de cebola (Allium cepa) por animais domésticos pode causar anemia hemolítica, hiper-hemoglobinemia de corpúsculos de Heinz nos eritrócitos. Os dados epidemiológicos e o quadro clínico-patológico foram obtidos em visita à propriedade onde a enfermidade ocorreu. Um rebanho de 54 bovinos de corte de uma propriedade localizada no município de Bom Retiro/SC, foi colocado em uma lavoura de cebola, a qual não havia sido completamente colhida por estar fora do padrão desejado para o comércio. Os animais permaneceram por um período de oito dias nesta lavoura e, ao final deste período, todos apresentaram apatia, anorexia, urina e mucosas de coloração marrom e odor de cebola na expiração. As alterações macroscópicas observadas foram mucosas pálidas, sangue com viscosidade diminuída e aumento do tempo de coagulação, fígado com padrão lobular evidente e restos de cebola no rúmen. A carcaça exalava forte odor de cebola. Pela análise histológica havia, no fígado, necrose de coagulação centrolobular em ponte e nos rins havia gotas hialinas intracitoplasmáticas em células do epitélio tubular e depósito de material eosinofílico na luz de túbulos. Para o diagnóstico da intoxicação por cebola deve-se levar em conta principalmente os dados epidemiológicos associados aos sinais clínicos, como palidez de mucosas com evidências de pigmentação por hemoglobina (mucosa marrom) e hemoglobinúria. Este artigo parece ser o primeiro relato de intoxicação por cebola em bovinos no Brasil.
#12 - Feline application/inflammation-associated sarcoma: Gross aspects and histomorphological
Abstract in English:
Feline injection-site sarcomas in felines account for more than 40% of cutaneous and subcutaneous neoplasms in felines. The present study aimed to describe the macroscopic and histomorphological findings of feline application/injection sarcomas. Samples from 31 feline tumors with a history of feline application/inflammation sarcoma were re-evaluated regarding histological subtype, mitotic index and score, depth of tissue invasion, and presence of inflammation considering the location, intensity and predominant cell types. Of the 31 samples from felines diagnosed with sarcoma at the application/inflammation site, 87.15% were cats with no defined breed (NDB), with a mean age of 8.5 years. The predominant anatomical sites were the back and flank/abdomen, both with 29% (9/31), and the prevalent histological subtype was fibrosarcoma at 77.4% (24/31), followed by anaplastic giant cell sarcoma at 12.9% (4/31) and myxosarcoma 9.6% (3/31). The histological grade with the highest number of cases was III (51.6%), followed by Grade II (35.4%) and I (12.9%). The mean of the longest axis measurements varied between the different tumor grades without being significant, with the average being 2.5±2.79cm in Grade I tumors and 3.2±2.28cm in Grade II tumors. and 4.68±2.07cm in Grade III tumors. Necrosis was observed in 74.2% of tumors. The tissue inflammation score was mild to moderate in 58% of cases and severe in 32.2%, with lymphocytic and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates being prevalent, with 25.8% each, followed by lymphoplasmohistiocytic with 22.6%. The infiltration depth was 38.7% in muscle tissue, followed by 32.2% in the subcutaneous tissue. Pleomorphism was accentuated in 51.6%. Desmoplasia was moderate in 45.1%. Satellite nodules were present in 29% of cases, and 19.4% had macrophages with intracytoplasmic content suggestive of adjuvants. Surgical margins were infiltrated (M1) in 48.4% and narrowed in 25.8% (M2). The anatomical locations observed were different from those recommended by the Vaccine-Associated Feline Sarcoma Task Force (VAFST); in most cases, the adjuvanted macrophage was not present. From this data, we can suggest that sarcomas in felines are not only correlated to the vaccine application, corroborating the hypothesis that any material, whether liquid or solid, and any chronic inflammatory process in the subcutaneous tissue of cats can induce the entity if they are predisposed to do so. The detailed histomorphological data evaluated in this study were key points and provided important information about tumor behavior, being a tool for clinical-oncological decision-making.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Feline injection-site sarcomas in felines account for more than 40% of cutaneous and subcutaneous neoplasms in felines. The present study aimed to describe the macroscopic and histomorphological findings of feline application/injection sarcomas. Samples from 31 feline tumors with a history of feline application/inflammation sarcoma were re-evaluated regarding histological subtype, mitotic index and score, depth of tissue invasion, and presence of inflammation considering the location, intensity and predominant cell types. Of the 31 samples from felines diagnosed with sarcoma at the application/inflammation site, 87.15% were cats with no defined breed (NDB), with a mean age of 8.5 years. The predominant anatomical sites were the back and flank/abdomen, both with 29% (9/31), and the prevalent histological subtype was fibrosarcoma at 77.4% (24/31), followed by anaplastic giant cell sarcoma at 12.9% (4/31) and myxosarcoma 9.6% (3/31). The histological grade with the highest number of cases was III (51.6%), followed by Grade II (35.4%) and I (12.9%). The mean of the longest axis measurements varied between the different tumor grades without being significant, with the average being 2.5±2.79cm in Grade I tumors and 3.2±2.28cm in Grade II tumors. and 4.68±2.07cm in Grade III tumors. Necrosis was observed in 74.2% of tumors. The tissue inflammation score was mild to moderate in 58% of cases and severe in 32.2%, with lymphocytic and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates being prevalent, with 25.8% each, followed by lymphoplasmohistiocytic with 22.6%. The infiltration depth was 38.7% in muscle tissue, followed by 32.2% in the subcutaneous tissue. Pleomorphism was accentuated in 51.6%. Desmoplasia was moderate in 45.1%. Satellite nodules were present in 29% of cases, and 19.4% had macrophages with intracytoplasmic content suggestive of adjuvants. Surgical margins were infiltrated (M1) in 48.4% and narrowed in 25.8% (M2). The anatomical locations observed were different from those recommended by the Vaccine-Associated Feline Sarcoma Task Force (VAFST); in most cases, the adjuvanted macrophage was not present. From this data, we can suggest that sarcomas in felines are not only correlated to the vaccine application, corroborating the hypothesis that any material, whether liquid or solid, and any chronic inflammatory process in the subcutaneous tissue of cats can induce the entity if they are predisposed to do so. The detailed histomorphological data evaluated in this study were key points and provided important information about tumor behavior, being a tool for clinical-oncological decision-making.
#13 - Investigation of enterobacteria with zoonotic and multi-resistant potential in exotic parrots kept in a domestic environment
Abstract in English:
This investigation elucidated the presence of potentially zoonotic and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in domestically reared psittacines. The present study was sanctioned by the Animal Ethics Committee of the State University of Ceará (CEUA-UECE) and bears registration number 03423745/2023. A total of 111 cloacal swab samples were procured from exotic psittacines encompassing six distinct species: the Australian budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus), cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus), lovebirds (Agapornis sp.), rose-ringed parakeets (Psittacula krameri), red-rumped parrots (Psephotus haematonotus), and rosellas (Platycercus eximius). The process encompassed the isolation and characterization of enterobacteria and ascertaining their resistance profiles. Among the collected specimens, 70.2% (78/111) yielded growth indicative of one or more enterobacterial agents. The collective isolates comprised 110 strains encompassing 13 distinct bacterial species. Foremost among these was Escherichia coli, accounting for a significant percentage of the total isolates at 30% (33/110), followed by Pantoea agglomerans at 27.2% (30/110). The study revealed that 35.4% (39/110) of the isolates exhibited resistance to tobramycin, with tetracycline and fosfomycin showing resistance rates of 34.5% (38/110) and 30.9% (34/110), respectively. Particularly noteworthy was that E. coli showed a heightened propensity for tetracycline resistance at 51.5% (17/33), while resistance rates to tobramycin and gentamicin were 36.6% (12/33) and 15.1% (5/33), respectively. A noteworthy subset of the enterobacterial cohort exhibited multidrug resistance patterns (28.9%, 32/110). Collectively, these outcomes underscore not only an elevated prevalence of enterobacterial strains but also the pervasive phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance across a diverse spectrum of antimicrobial agents.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Este estudo investigou a presença de bactérias potencialmente zoonóticas e resistentes a antimicrobianos em psitacídeos criados em ambiente doméstico. Esse projeto foi aprovado pela Comissão de Ética para o Uso de Animais da Universidade Estadual do Ceará (CEUA-UECE), registrado sob o número 03423745/2023. Foram coletadas 111 amostras de suabes cloacais de psitacídeos exóticos de seis espécies, incluindo, periquitos-australianos (Melopsittacus undulatus), calopsitas (Nymphicus hollandicus), agapornis (Agapornis sp.), periquitos-de-colar (Psittacula krameri), periquitos-dorso-vermelho (Psephotus haematonotus) e roselas (Platycercus eximius). Foi realizado o isolamento e a identificação de enterobactérias e determinado o perfil de resistência. Das amostras coletadas, 70,2% (78/111) apresentaram crescimento para uma ou mais enterobactérias. Foram isoladas 110 cepas pertencentes a 13 espécies bacterianas. Escherichia coli apresentou o maior índice de isolamento, com 30% (33/110). Em segundo lugar Pantoea agglomerans, com um percentual de isolamento de 27,2% (30/110). Observou-se que 35,4% (39/110) das enterobactérias apresentaram resistência à tobramicina, seguidas da tetraciclina com 34,5% (38/110) e da fosfomicina com 30,9% (34/110). E. coli apresentou maior taxa de resistência a tetraciclina com 51,5% (17/33), seguida de 36,6% (12/33) para tobramicina e 15,1% (5/33) para gentamicina. Das enterobactérias analisadas 28,9% (32/110), apresentaram multirresistência. Os resultados indicam uma alta prevalência de enterobactérias, a resistência antimicrobiana foi constatada em diversas classes de antimicrobianos.
#14 - Report of coccidiosis in a free-living green-winged saltator Saltator similis in Itatiaia National Park in southeastern Brazil
Abstract in English:
The green-winged saltator Saltator similis (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) is a passerine bird highly valued by bird breeders and a target of illegal wildlife trafficking. Coccidian chromists are etiological agents of coccidiosis, which may be asymptomatic and enzootic in bird populations when environmental conditions are favorable. However, epizootic outbreaks with severe disease can occur due to environmental changes. In this context, this study reports a case of coccidiosis in a free-living juvenile specimen of S. similis captured at the Itatiaia National Park in southeastern Brazil. Typical clinical signs of coccidiosis were observed, and it was associated with greenish mucoid diarrhea containing a high density of coccidian oocysts. Three Isospora spp. were specifically identified in 14 fecal samples (fecal droplets) collected over two hours. Isospora saltatori (Berto, Balthazar, Flausino & Lopes, 2008) had the highest density and positivity throughout most of the collection period. Finally, this paper discusses the importance of the continuous evaluation of the health of birds as bioindicators and their coccidian ecological biomarkers as one of the strategies for evaluating the conservation status of Itatiaia National Park.
Abstract in Portuguese:
O trinca-ferro Saltator similis (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) é um pássaro muito valorizado por criadores de aves e pelo tráfico ilegal de animais silvestres. Os cromistas coccídios são agentes etiológicos da coccidiose, a qual pode ser assintomática e enzoótica em populações de aves quando as condições ambientais são favoráveis, mas surtos epizoóticos com doença grave podem ocorrer como resultado de mudanças ambientais. Nesse contexto, este artigo relata um caso de coccidiose em um espécime juvenil de vida livre de S. similis capturado no Parque Nacional de Itatiaia, no sudeste do Brasil. Foram observados sinais clínicos típicos de coccidiose, associados a diarreia mucóide esverdeada contendo alta densidade de oocistos. Três Isospora spp. foram especificamente identificadas em 14 defecações coletadas durante um período de duas horas. Isospora saltatori (Berto, Balthazar, Flausino & Lopes, 2008) foi a espécie com maior densidade e positividade durante a maior parte do período de coleta. Por fim, este artigo discute a importância da avaliação contínua da saúde das aves como bioindicadores, e de seus biomarcadores ecológicos coccídios, como uma das estratégias para avaliação do estado de conservação do Parque Nacional de Itatiaia.
#15 - Infrared thermography used to detect local adverse reactions induced by reproductive vaccine adjuvants in Holstein heifers
Abstract in English:
Local adverse reactions following vaccination, often tied to the adjuvant type, can lead to pain, fever, reduced intake, and weight loss. Infrared thermography (IRT), a non-invasive human and veterinary medicine technique, can assess local inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate such reactions induced by reproductive vaccines with different adjuvants, using IRT alongside cardinal signs, rectal temperature, and haptoglobin concentration. Thirty-five Holstein heifers were grouped by vaccine type: Ah (aluminum hydroxide), Ow (oil-in-water), QAD (amphigen and quil A cholesterol and dimethyl-dioctadecyl ammonium bromide adjuvant), and a Control (saline solution). Assessments were made at 0, 6, 24-, 48-, 72-, and 168 hours post-vaccination for both doses, with an interval of 21 days. The local reactions were evaluated using the inflammatory cardinal signs and surface temperature measurement using IRT. The systemic reactions were identified by rectal temperature and the concentration of haptoglobin. A larger proportion of animals exhibiting local reactions based on scores assigned to the cardinal signs was found in the Vaccine QAD group, as well as the rectal temperature and the frequency of heifers with inflammation (Hp ≥2mg/dL). Nevertheless, Vaccine Ow demonstrated higher temperature at the site after the first vaccination dose for the IRT. Therefore, this approach is a valuable tool in classifying responses and local inflammation following vaccination in heifers with reproductive vaccines. Concurrently evaluating systemic manifestations, facilitates the surveillance of adverse reactions, thereby improving the discernment of the extent of systemic and local effects.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Reações adversas locais após a vacinação, frequentemente associadas ao tipo de adjuvante, podem levar a dor, febre, redução na ingestão e perda de peso. A termografia infravermelha (IRT), uma técnica não invasiva utilizada na medicina humana e veterinária, oferece um meio de avaliar a inflamação local. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar tais reações induzidas por vacinas reprodutivas com diferentes adjuvantes, utilizando IRT junto com sinais cardinais, temperatura retal e concentração de haptoglobina. Trinta e cinco novilhas Holandesas foram agrupadas por tipo de vacina: Ah (hidróxido de alumínio), Ow (óleo em água), QAD (anfígeno e adjuvante de quil A colesterol e brometo de amônio dimetil-dioctadecil) e Controle (solução salina). As avaliações foram realizadas às 0, 6, 24, 48, 72 e 168 horas pós-vacinação para ambas as doses, com um intervalo de 21 dias. As reações locais foram avaliadas pelos sinais cardinais inflamatórios e pela aferição da temperatura superficial usando IRT. As reações sistêmicas foram identificadas pela temperatura retal e pela concentração de haptoglobina (Hp). Uma proporção maior de animais exibindo reações locais com base nos escores atribuídos aos sinais cardinais foi encontrada no grupo Vacina QAD, assim como na temperatura retal e na frequência de novilhas com inflamação (Hp ≥2mg/dL). No entanto, para a IRT, a Vacina Ow demonstrou temperatura mais elevada no local após a primeira dose de vacinação. Portanto, essa abordagem é uma ferramenta valiosa para classificar as respostas e a inflamação local após a vacinação em novilhas com vacinas reprodutivas. Avaliar simultaneamente as manifestações sistêmicas facilita a vigilância das reações adversas, melhorando assim o discernimento da extensão dos efeitos tanto sistêmicos quanto locais.
#16 - Rabies in a free-ranging jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi) in northeastern Brazil
Abstract in English:
Rabies is a fatal viral disease that affects animals and humans and is widespread among national ecological systems. We describe the anatomopathological and immunohistochemical findings of a case of rabies in a jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi) found in a rural peri-domestic area after showing aggression and attacking two animals. Histopathology of brain tissue showed lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis associated with intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies in neurons, gliosis and neuronophagia. The diagnosis of rabies was based on the lesions and confirmed by immunohistochemistry and qPCR. In Brazil, rabies in wild felines of the genus Puma has only been described in animals through serological examinations. The pathological findings are essential for the diagnosis and elucidation of the participation of this species in the wild cycle of the disease, as well as in the maintenance and conservation of the balance of wild fauna.
Abstract in Portuguese:
A raiva é uma doença viral fatal que afeta animais e o homem, estando disseminada entre os sistemas ecológicos nacionais. Descrevem-se os achados anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos de um caso de raiva em um jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi), encontrado em área peridomiciliar rural, após apresentar agressividade e ataque a dois animais. Microscopicamente, observou-se meningoencefalite linfoplasmocítica associada a corpúsculos de inclusão intracitoplasmáticos eosinofílicos em neurônios, gliose e neuronofagia. O diagnóstico de raiva foi estabelecido pelos achados patológicos e confirmado por imuno-histoquímica e qPCR. A ocorrência de raiva em felinos silvestres do gênero Puma só foi descrita por meio de exames sorológicos. Os achados patológicos são essenciais para o diagnóstico e elucidação da participação desta espécie no ciclo silvestre da doença, bem como na manutenção e conservação do equilíbrio da fauna silvestre.
#17 - ‘Beer yeast’ (liquid brewery waste) for sheep and pig feeding: epidemiological and clinical aspects of the poisoning, safety margin and prevention
Abstract in English:
Considering the practice of using ‘brewer’s yeast’ (BY) – liquid brewery yeast waste from the brewing industry – in animal feed in some establishments in the south of the State of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, this study was conducted to establish safety margins and to determine epidemiological and clinical aspects. In addition, this study suggested prophylactic measures that can prevent or minimise alcohol intoxication due to BY in sheep and swine. The main characteristics of the clinical features in both natural poisoning and controlled spontaneous ingestion in swine as well as intoxication by controlled ingestion of BY using a ruminal probe in sheep were found to be staggering gait, tripping and falls. Overall, 3.8 and 8.875mL/kg of ethanol content in the BY caused mild-moderate and severe clinical conditions, respectively, in swine and sheep. The following prophylactic measures are suggested: 1. BY must be adequately diluted in water, whey, or with BY that has been previously stored in the property (old BY); 2. It must be administered in proportion to the animals’ weight and size. 3. It must be administered continuously, without interruptions, and with the provision of other food in the trough (such as soybean meal or cornmeal and water ad libitum). In conclusion, although BY is increasingly used in sheep and swine breeding properties – in the south of the State of Rio de Janeiro – many owners use one or more of the suggested prophylactic measures. Hence, ethanol intoxications because of BY are infrequent and rarely cause deaths; therefore, BY can be used provided adequate prophylactic measures are followed.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Considerando-se à prática de utilizar “levedo de cerveja” (LC) – resíduo líquido da indústria cervejeira – na alimentação de animais, em alguns estabelecimentos no sul do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, esse estudo foi realizado para estabelecer as margens de segurança e os quadros epidemiológico e clínico, bem como sugerir medidas profiláticas que impeçam ou minimizem esse tipo de intoxicação alcoólica para ovinos e suínos. Verificou-se que o quadro clínico na intoxicação por ingestão controlada de LC por sonda em ovinos e na intoxicação natural e ingestão espontânea controlada em suínos, caracterizou-se principalmente por andar cambaleante, tropeços e quedas. Concentrações de 3,8 e 8,875mL/kg de etanol contido no LC, causaram quadros clínicos leve a moderado e grave em suínos e ovinos, respectivamente. Como medidas profiláticas sugere-se: diluição adequada do LC com água, soro de leite ou com o LC já estocado na propriedade (LC antigo); administração do LC proporcional ao peso/tamanho dos animais, administração contínua, sem interrupções, disponibilizar outro alimento no cocho, como farelo de soja ou fubá de milho e água à vontade. Conclui-se que apesar de o LC ser cada vez mais utilizado nas propriedades criadoras de ovinos e suínos no sul do Estado do Rio de Janeiro já que, muitos proprietários aplicam uma ou mais medidas profiláticas aqui sugeridas, as intoxicações pelo etanol, contido no LC são pouco frequentes e raramente ocorrem mortes, de forma que esse produto deve ser utilizado, desde que as medidas profiláticas sejam observadas.
#18 - Iron interference in hemoglobin production in piglets from birth to weaning
Abstract in English:
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in humans is defined as the decrease of total hemoglobin concentration and the non-production of the adult hemoglobin subtype 2 – HbA2 (α2δ2 chains), which is considered a marker of IDA severity in humans, dosed together with the iron serum. This study aimed to determine the standard of hemoglobin types in piglets induced to experimentally IDA in the first 21 days of life (delivery to weaning). In the present study, 40 piglets born from four naïve gilts, were randomly and equally assigned among the gilts. On the third day after delivery, the groups were randomly distributed in different environments (cement and clay floors) and according to the iron supplementation (iron dextran and placebo). Erythrocyte parameters, serum iron, and hemoglobin trait were analyzed at four moments between birth and weaning days. The group of piglets that did not receive iron dextran supplementation on the third-day post-birth and were placed in the pen without soil did not present HbA2 from the seventh day onwards on the agarose electrophoretogram (pH 8.6) and this observation was correlated to decrease of serum iron (ρ: 0.156, p=0.003) when compared to the other groups’ piglets that did not present iron deficiency. In the present study was possible to determine the swine hemoglobin pattern in IDA, since HbA2 was absent in piglets with IDA in comparison to the non-ferropenic groups and the correlation between the reduction of iron levels and the absence of HbA2.
Abstract in Portuguese:
A anemia por deficiência de ferro (ADF) em humanos é definida como a diminuição da concentração de hemoglobina total e a não produção da hemoglobina adulta subtipo 2 – HbA2 (cadeias α2δ2), que é considerada um marcador de gravidade de IDA em humanos, dosado em conjunto com o soro de ferro. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar o padrão dos tipos de hemoglobina em leitões induzidos experimentalmente à IDA nos primeiros 21 dias de vida (parto ao desmame). Quarenta leitões, nascidos de quatro marrãs nulíparas, foram distribuídos aleatoriamente e igualmente entre as leitoas. No terceiro dia após o parto, os grupos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em diferentes ambientes (piso de cimento e barro) e de acordo com a suplementação de ferro (ferro dextrano e placebo). Parâmetros eritrocitários, ferro sérico e traço de hemoglobina foram analisados em quatro momentos, entre o nascimento e o desmame. O grupo de leitões que não recebeu suplementação de ferro dextrano no terceiro dia pós-parto e foi colocado em baia sem solo não apresentou HbA2 a partir do sétimo dia no eletroforetograma de agarose (pH 8,6) e esta observação foi correlacionada com diminuição da concentração sérica ferro (ρ: 0,156, p=0,003) quando comparados aos demais grupos leitões que não apresentavam deficiência de ferro. No presente estudo foi possível determinar o padrão hemoglobinêmico suíno na IDA, uma vez que, a HbA2 estava ausente nos leitões com ADF em comparação aos grupos não ferropênicos e há correlação entre a redução dos níveis de ferro e a ausência de HbA2.
#19 - Outbreaks of philophthalmiasis in ostriches (Struthio camelus) in Northeast Brazil
Abstract in English:
This study discusses the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological characteristics of two outbreaks of ocular infection in ostriches (Struthio camelus) caused by the trematode Philophthalmus sp. The outbreaks occurred in the states of Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte in Northeast Brazil. Ostrich farming was categorized as semi-intensive farming with free access to the weir and river. The clinical symptoms for infection included nictitating membrane inflammation, epiphora (tearing), eyelid edema, ocular congestion, eyeball destruction, emaciation, and death, and the infection period ranged from 8 to 16 months. Macroscopically, thickening of the eyelids and conjunctiva were observed, with orange parasites infestation. Histologically, the lesions were characterized as lymphoplasmacytic and heterophilic, multifocal to coalescing, moderate, chronic conjunctivitis associated with hyperplasia and ectasia of the Harderian gland, and numerous parasites. The parasites were oval and flattened with an oral suction cup, acetabulum, and thick cuticle containing spicules. The diagnosis of philophthalmiasis was based on epidemiological, clinical, and pathological findings associated with the morphological characteristics of the parasites present in the conjunctival sacs which were similar to the trematode Philophthalmus sp. Philophthalmiasis can occur in ostriches raised on urban and rural properties in Northeastern Brazil, probably associated with the contact of birds with contaminated water, and is characterized by severe conjunctivitis that can result in the loss of the eyeball and death of the animals.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Descrevem-se as características epidemiológicas, clínicas e patológicas de dois surtos de infecção ocular pelo trematódeo Philophthalmus sp. em avestruzes ocorridos nos estados do Ceará e Rio Grande do Norte no Nordeste do Brasil. As propriedades tinham em comum, a criação semi-intensiva e livre acesso a açude e rio. Os sinais clínicos incluíam protrusão da membrana nictante, lacrimejamento, edema palpebral, congestão ocular, destruição do globo ocular, emagrecimento e morte. A evolução clínica variou de oito a 16 meses. Macroscopicamente, observou-se espessamento das pálpebras e conjuntivas associado a numerosas estruturas parasitárias alaranjadas. No segundo surto, as lesões eram mais graves e consistiam em perda do globo ocular direito e anexos. Histologicamente, as lesões caracterizavam-se por conjuntivite linfoplasmocítica e heterofílica, multifocal a coalescente, moderada, crônica associada a hiperplasia e ectasia da glândula de Harderian e numerosas estruturas parasitárias. Os parasitas eram ovalados, achatados com ventosa oral e acetábulo e cutícula espessa contendo espículas. O diagnóstico de filoftalmíase foi realizado com base nos achados epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos associadas as características morfológicas dos parasitas presentes nos sacos conjuntivais compatíveis com o trematódeo Philophthalmus sp. A filoftalmíase pode ocorrer em avestruzes criados em propriedades urbanas e rurais no Nordeste do Brasil, provavelmente associado ao contato das aves com água contaminada e caracteriza-se por quadros de conjuntivite grave que pode resultar com a perda do globo ocular e morte dos animais.
#20 - Experimental infection by Trypanosoma vivax in goats in the Brazilian semiarid: detection of T. vivax DNA in colostrum and assessment of lactogenic transmission
Abstract in English:
This study aimed to identify the presence of Trypanosoma vivax DNA in the colostrum of infected goats and to explore the possibility of transmission for neonates fed using colostrum collected from infected goats. We used twelve goats in the final third of gestation with an age of approximately 24 months. Six goats were inoculated intravenously with 0.5mL of blood containing approximately 1.25x105 trypomastigotes of T. vivax, and six remained uninfected. The presence of T. vivax in colostrum was evaluated by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The possibility of T. vivax transmission by colostrum was assessed by feeding six neonates born of serologically negative goats using colostrum from infected goats. Peripheral blood from neonates was collected daily for thirty days to assess the T. vivax presence through the examination of Giemsa-stained smears of leukocyte layers with the buffy coat technique (BCT) and by PCR. The results of a direct examination of colostrum were negative, but PCR confirmed the presence of T. vivax DNA in all infected goats. Additionally, lactogenic transmission by colostrum was not demonstrated once both BCT and PCR of neonate peripheral blood were negative.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar a presença de DNA de Trypanosoma vivax no colostro de cabras infectadas experimentalmente e verificar a possibilidade de transmissão para neonatos alimentados com colostro coletado de cabras infectadas. Foram utilizadas doze cabras no terço final de gestação com idade aproximada de 24 meses. Seis cabras foram inoculadas intravenosamente com 0,5mL de sangue contendo aproximadamente 1,25x105 tripomastigotas de T. vivax, e seis permaneceram não infectadas. A presença de T. vivax no colostro foi avaliada por Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR). A possibilidade de transmissão de T. vivax pelo colostro foi avaliada através da alimentação de seis neonatos nascidos de cabras sorologicamente negativas com colostro de cabras infectadas. Foi coletado diariamente o sangue periférico dos neonatos, por trinta dias para avaliar a presença de T. vivax através do exame de esfregaços de camadas leucocitárias coradas por giemsa, pela técnica BCT e por PCR. Os resultados do exame direto do colostro foram negativos, mas a PCR confirmou a presença de DNA de T. vivax no colostro em todas as cabras infectadas. Além disso, a transmissão lactogênica pelo colostro não foi demonstrada, uma vez que tanto a BCT quanto a PCR do sangue periférico do neonato foram negativas
