PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

Ingestion of Enterolobium contortisiliquum pods causes digestive disturbances, secondary hepatogenous photosensitization and abortions in ruminants. Pods were administered to sheep via a ruminal cannula to characterize acute poisoning. In Experiment 1, a single dose of 12g/kg of body weight (BW) was administered to three sheep in one experiment. One sheep died, and the other two recovered after presenting clinical signs. In Experiment 2, 10g/kg BW were administered daily to 15 sheep until the onset of clinical signs or for three consecutive days. Fourteen sheep showed mild to severe signs after the ingestion of 1-3 doses. Two sheep died, and the others recovered. Clinical signs in both experiments were diarrhea, anorexia, rumen atony, apathy, dehydration and tachypnea. The main macroscopic findings were an orange, frothy ruminal content witch contained pods fragments. The intestinal content was liquid. Detachment of the mucosa from the submucosa and ballooning degeneration of mucosal cells were observed histologically in the forestomachs. Evaluation of ruminal contents revealed acute lactic ruminal acidosis (ALRA). Bromatological analysis of E. contortisiliquum pods revealed 537.8g/kg DM (dry matter) of non-fibrous carbohydrates, which is sufficient to cause ALRA. Only one sheep in Experiment 2 had liver failure, characterized by jaundice, elevated serum activity of liver enzymes and histological lesions in liver biopsies. It is concluded that the administration of E. contortisiliquum pods in forage-fed sheep at doses of 10g/kg BW or higher may cause ALRA. The induction of liver failure in one sheep suggests that liver damage may occur in those sheep that do not develop acidosis.

• Poisonous plants Enterolobium contortisiliquum Leg. Mimosoideae sheep plant poisoning acute lactic ruminal acidosis sheep diseases photosensitivity

Abstract in Portuguese:

A ingestão das favas de Enterolobium contortisiliquum causa distúrbios digestivos, fotossensibilização hepatógena e abortos em ruminantes. Para caracterizar a intoxicação aguda, favas de E. contortisiliquum foram administradas a ovinos por meio de cânula ruminal. No Experimento 1, uma dose única de 12g/kg de peso corporal (pc) foi administrada a três ovinos. Um dos ovinos morreu e os outros dois se recuperaram após mostrar sinais clínicos. No experimento 2, 10g/kg/pc foram administradas diariamente a 15 ovinos, por três dias consecutivos ou até o parecimento dos sinais clínicos. Catorze ovinos mostraram sinais clínicos leves a acentuados após ingestão de 1-3 doses. Dois ovinos morreram e os outros se recuperaram. Observou-se nos ovinos dos experimentos 1 e 2, diarreia, anorexia, atonia ruminal, apatia, desidratação e taquipneia. Os principais achados macroscópicos incluíram conteúdo ruminal espumoso e alaranjado em meio ao qual se observavam fragmentos das favas de E. contortisiliquum, e conteúdo intestinal líquido. Histologicamente, havia degeneração balonosa e desprendimento do epitélio de revestimento dos pré-estomagos. A avaliação do conteúdo ruminal revelou acidose ruminal láctica aguda (ARLA). Análise bromatológica das favas de E. contortisiliquum revelou 537.8g/kg de matéria seca de carboidratos não fibrosos, quantidade suficiente para causar ARLA. Um ovino do Experimento 2 teve insuficiência hepática aguda, caracterizada por icterícia, elevação da atividade sérica das enzimas hepáticas e alterações histológicas observadas em biópsia hepática. Concluiu-se que a administração de favas de E. contortisiliquum na alimentação de ovinos, nas doses de 10g/kg pc ou maiores, pode causar ARLA. A ocorrência de insuficiência hepática num dos ovinos deste experimento sugere que a lesão hepática pode se desenvolver em ovinos que não apresentam ARLA.

• Plantas tóxicas Enterolobium contortisiliquum Leg. Mimosoideae ovinos intoxocação por planta acidose ruminal láctica aguda fotossensibilização

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Aguiar-Filho C.R., Albuquerque R.F., Rocha B.P., Colodel E.M., Lemos R.A.A., Riet-Correa F., Evêncio-Neto J. & Mendonça F.S. 2013. [Evaluation of the toxicity of Stryphnodendron fissuratum (Mimosoideae) pods in pregnant cows.] Avaliação da toxicidade das favas de Stryphnodendron fissuratum (Mimosoideae) em vacas gestantes. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(5):607-612. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil. E-mail: mendonca@dmfa.ufrpe.br To evaluate the toxicity of different concentrations of pods of Stryphnodendron fissuratum to pregnant cows, the pods of this tree were grounded, mixed in a commercial food and given to eight pregnant cows in total doses of 6.5g/kg, 7.5g/kg, 9g/kg and 10g/kg. The animals that received doses of 6.5g/kg delivered normal calves and those that received 7.5g/kg delivered weak calves that did not survive. Doses of 9g/kg resulted in the birth of an immature calf and another with congenital bilateral distichiasis, corneal opacity, and microphthalmia. Both cows that ingested 10g/kg died, and one of these aborted before death. In the dead cows, the gross and histological lesions of the digestive system and liver were similar to those previously described in S. fissuratum poisoning. No significant lesions were observed in the calves and in the aborted fetus. The phytochemical analysis of methanol extracts from pods of S. fissuratum revealed the presence of soluble tannins, proanthocyanidins, leucoanthocyanidins and the triterpenoid saponin β-amyrin. Triterpenoid saponins had been associated with the toxicity of Stryphnodendron spp. and Enterolobium spp., which cause clinical signs similar to those observed in the poisoning by S. fissuratum. The results presented herein confirmed the toxicity of S. fissuratum to bovines. However, the abortive effects of this plant was not confirmed; thus because the abortion and neonatal deaths could be due to the toxicity of the pods to the cows. New research should be done to demonstrate if S. fissuratum is a cause of malformations similar to those observed in one of the calves born from the treated cows.

• Poisonous plants Stryphnodendron fissuratum Mimosoideae abortion plant poisoning plantas tóxicas aborto intoxicação por plantas

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Aguiar-Filho C.R., Albuquerque R.F., Rocha B.P., Colodel E.M., Lemos R.A.A., Riet-Correa F., Evêncio-Neto J. & Mendonça F.S. 2013. [Evaluation of the toxicity of Stryphnodendron fissuratum (Mimosoideae) pods in pregnant cows.] Avaliação da toxicidade das favas de Stryphnodendron fissuratum (Mimosoideae) em vacas gestantes. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(5):607-612. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil. E-mail: mendonca@dmfa.ufrpe.br Com o objetivo de avaliar a toxicidade de diferentes concentrações das favas de Stryphnodendron fissuratum em vacas prenhes, as favas desta árvore foram moídas, misturadas à ração comercial e fornecidas a oito vacas nas doses totais de 6,5g/kg, 7,5g/kg, 9g/kg e 10g/kg. Os animais que receberam doses de 6,5g/kg pariram bezerros normais e aqueles que receberam 7,5g/kg pariram bezerros fracos que não sobreviveram. Doses de 9g/kg resultaram no nascimento de um bezerro imaturo e de outro bezerro com distiquíase, opacidade congênita das córneas e microftalmia. Ambas as vacas que ingeriram 10g/kg morreram, porém uma vaca abortou antes de morrer. Nas vacas que morreram, as lesões macroscópicas e histológicas do sistema digestivo e fígado foram semelhantes às descritas anteriormente na intoxicação por S. fissuratum. Nos bezerros e no feto abortado não foram observadas lesões macroscópicas ou histológicas significantes. A análise fitoquímica dos extratos metanólicos das favas de S. fissuratum revelou a presença de taninos hidrossolúveis, proantocianidinas, leucoantocianidinas e da saponina triterpénica β-amirina. Saponinas triterpénicas têm sido associadas com a toxicidade das favas de Stryphnodendron spp. e Enterolobium spp., que causam sinais clínicos semelhantes aos observados na intoxicação por S. fissuratum. Esta pesquisa confirmou a toxicidade das favas de S. fissuratum para bovinos, no entanto não foram confirmados os efeitos abortivos das mesmas, pois o aborto e as mortes neonatais observadas podem ser decorrentes dos efeitos tóxicos da planta nas mães. Novas pesquisas são necessárias para pesquisar se as favas da planta causam malformações semelhantes às observas em um dos bezerros nascidos vivos.

Abstract in English:

RESUMO.- Mendonça F.S., Evêncio-Neto J., Estevão L.R.M., Melo L.E.H., Freitas, S.H., Arruda L.P., Boabaid F.M. & Colodel E.M. 2010. [Clinical aspects of the experimental poisoning by the pods of Stryphnodendron fissuratum (Leg. Mimosoideae) in goats.] Aspectos clínicos da intoxicação experimental pelas favas de Stryphnodendron fissuratum (Leg. Mimosoideae) em caprinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(3): 203-210. Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil. E-mail: mendonca@dmfa.ufrpe.br Com o objetivo de caracterizar o quadro clínico da intoxicação por Stryphnodendron fissuratum Mart. (Leg. Mimosoideae) em caprinos, administraram-se as favas dessa planta a oito caprinos, por via oral forçada em doses únicas e a outros dois caprinos, em doses fracionadas. A menor dose que causou sinais clínicos e morte foi a de 10g/kg. Doses de 20g/kg e 40g/kg causaram sinais acentuados e doses únicas de 5g/kg não provocaram sinais. Doses fracionadas de 5g/kg durante quatro dias, totalizando 20g/kg provocaram sinais acentuados e morte. Em ambos os grupos, os primeiros sinais de intoxicação foram observados a partir do primeiro dia de experimento e a evolução variou de 4-25 dias. A doença caracterizou-se principalmente por alterações digestórias e nervosas que consistiram em anorexia, desidratação, hipomotilidade e atonia ruminal, timpanismo, gemidos constantes, dor à percussão abdominal, fezes com muco, ranger de dentes, apatia, ataxia, dismetria, tremores de cabeça, tremores musculares, fraqueza com o andar cambaleante e trôpego, acentuada depressão e decúbito esternal ou lateral prolongado e morte. Alguns animais apresentaram acentuada queda de pêlos na região dorsal; apenas um caprino apresentou fezes líquidas, marrom-escuras e fétidas. Outros sinais incluíram perda de fluido ruminal durante a ruminação, sialorréia, exsudato nasal seroso e lacrimejamento. As provas de função hepática e renal revelaram alterações discretas. As concentrações séricas de aspartato aminotransferase encontraram-se levemente aumentadas e as de creatinofosfocinase muito aumentadas.

• Poisoning triterpenic saponins Stryphnodendron fissuratum Leg. Mimosoideae

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Mendonça F.S., Evêncio-Neto J., Estevão L.R.M., Melo L.E.H., Freitas, S.H., Arruda L.P., Boabaid F.M. & Colodel E.M. 2010. [Clinical aspects of the experimental poisoning by the pods of Stryphnodendron fissuratum (Leg. Mimosoideae) in goats.] Aspectos clínicos da intoxicação experimental pelas favas de Stryphnodendron fissuratum (Leg. Mimosoideae) em caprinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(3): 203-210. Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil. E-mail: mendonca@dmfa.ufrpe.br In order to confirm the susceptibility of goats to the poisoning by Stryphnodendron fissuratum Mart. (Leg. Mimosoideae) and to characterize the clinical disease, the pods of the plant were given orally to each of eight young goats and in fractioned doses to other two. The lowest lethal dose was 10g/kg. The same dose was the lowest that induced disease. Doses of 20g/kg and 40g/kg caused pronounced clinical signs and doses of 5g/kg did not caused signs. Fractioned doses of 5g/kg during four days also caused pronounced signs. In each groups the first signs of poisoning were observed from the first day of experiments and the changes ranged from 4-25 days. The disease was characterized mainly by digestive and nervous disorders. Clinical signs were partial to complete anorexia, dehydration, decrease in ruminal activity up to atonia, tympanism, constant vocalizations, grinding of the teeth pain up on abdominal palpation, apathy, ataxia, depression, dysmetria, head and muscle tremors, weakness, difficulty in rising, sternal or lateral recumbency and death. Some goats presented extense hair loss in the skin of the dorsum; one goat presented liquid and black fetid feces. Other signs included loss of ruminal fluid during rumination, drooling, serous nasal and ocular discharges. Liver and kidney function tests had resulted in slight changes. AST serum levels were slightly increased and creatine phosphokinase levels were highly increased. These changes can associated to the effects of triterpenic saponins contained in the S. fissuratum pods.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Ferreira E.V., Boabaid F.M., Arruda L.P., Lemos R.A.A, Souza M.A., Nakazato L. & Colodel E.M. 2009. [Poisoning by Stryphnodendron fissuratum (Mimosoideae) in cattle.] Intoxicação por Stryphnodendron fissuratum (Mimosoideae) em bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(11)951-957. Departamento de Clínica Médica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT 78068-900, Brazil. E-mail: moleta@ufmt.br Epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of natural and experimental Stryphnodendron fissuratum poisoning in cattle in Central-Western Brazil were evaluated. The coiled pods of this tree are popularly known as “rosquinha” (small coil); they mature during July-September, when they fall to the ground, and are consumed by cattle causing mortalities. Spontaneous outbreaks of poisoning were investigated in the municipalities of Aruanã, State of Goias, Guiratinga and Rondonópolis State of Mato Grosso, and Rio Verde de Mato Grosso, State of Mato Grosso do Sul. Commonly the poisoning occurred in properties with Nelore cattle herds, which were raised extensively on Brachiaria spp. pastures. The clinical course in natural cases ranged from 24 hours to 10 days, and the morbidity and case fatality rates were 0.9-25% and 15-100%, respectively. The main clinical signs in the spontaneous poisoning were apathy, anorexia, agressiveness, jaundice, sialorrhoea, incoordination, dysmetria, retraction of the abdomen, uneasiness and pasty black feces with stings of mucus or blood, diarrhea, edema of the dewlap and photosensitization. At necropsy, jaundice, edema of the subcutaneous tissue, mainly of the cervical region, hemorrhages of serous membranes, ascitis and hidrotorax, edema of the mesentery, perirenal edema, increased size of liver and kidney, reddening of the ruminal mucosa, and abomasum ulcers were observed. The diagnosis of S. fissuratum poisoning was based on epidemiological, clinical and pathological findings, and in the experimental reproduction by the administration of the pods of this plant to cattle. Experimentally, daily doses of 4 and 20g of pods by kg body weight, respectively, were administered to two bovines. Both animals had digestive signs and died, but photosensitization was not observed.

• Plantas tóxicas Stryphnodendron fissuratum intoxicação por planta

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Ferreira E.V., Boabaid F.M., Arruda L.P., Lemos R.A.A, Souza M.A., Nakazato L. & Colodel E.M. 2009. [Poisoning by Stryphnodendron fissuratum (Mimosoideae) in cattle.] Intoxicação por Stryphnodendron fissuratum (Mimosoideae) em bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(11)951-957. Departamento de Clínica Médica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT 78068-900, Brazil. E-mail: moleta@ufmt.br Descrevem-se aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos da intoxicação natural por Stryphnodendron fissuratum em bovinos na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Esta planta possui favas retorcidas, conhecidas popularmente por “rosquinha”, que amadurecem entre julho e setembro, caem ao solo e são consumidas por bovinos, sendo relacionadas com mortalidades. Foram investigados surtos de intoxicação espontânea que ocorreram nos municípios de Aruanã, GO, Guiratinga e Rondonópolis, MT e Rio Verde de Mato Grosso, MS. Em geral, a intoxicação ocorreu em propriedades de pecuária extensiva, com rebanhos da raça Nelore e em pastagens de Brachiaria spp. Nos casos naturais, a evolução clínica variou em média de 24 horas até 10 dias e a morbidade e a letalidade variaram de 0,9 a 25% e de 15 a 100%, respectivamente. Os principais sinais clínicos na intoxicação natural foram depressão, anorexia, agressividade, icterícia, sialorréia, incoordenação motora, dismetria, retração abdominal, inquietação, fezes pastosas enegrecidas ou ressequidas com muco e estrias de sangue, diarréia, edema de barbela e fotossensibilização. À necropsia havia icterícia, edema do tecido subcutâneo, principalmente na região cervical, petéquias e equimoses de serosas abdominais e torácicas, ascite e hidrotórax leves, edema do mesentério, edema perirrenal, aumento do volume de fígado e rim, avermelhamento ruminal e úlceras multifocais no abomaso. O exame histológico revelou lesões degenerativas e necrose no fígado e rim e no abomaso áreas de necrose na mucosa. O diagnóstico de intoxicação por S. fissuratum foi estabelecido com base nos achados epidemiológicos, clínicos, patológicos e, em parte, na reprodução experimental pela administração das favas desta planta para bovinos. Em dois bovinos que receberam, respectivamente, duas doses diárias de 4 e 20 g de favas por kg de peso vivo foram observados sinais digestivos e morte dos animais, mas não ocorreu fotossensibilização.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Barbosa J.D., Silveira J.A.S, Albernaz T.T., Silva N.S., Belo Reis A.S., Oliveira C.M.C., Riet- Correa G. & Duarte M.D. 2009 [Cutaneous lesions of the legs caused by the thorns of Mimosa pudica (Leg. Mimosoideae) in cattle and sheep in the State of Pará.] Lesões de pele causadas por Mimosa pudica (Leg. Mimosoideae) nos membros de bovinos e ovinos no Estado do Pará. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(5):435-438. Central de Diagnóstico Veterinário, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Castanhal, Rua Maximino Porpino da Silva 1000, Castanhal, PA 68740-080, Brazil. E-mail: diomedes@ufpa.br A condition of cattle and sheep characterized by ulcerous and granulomatous skin lesions of the legs was studied. Epidemiological data and the nature of the lesions indicate that they are caused by the thorns of Mimosa pudica (Leg. Mimosoideae). The disease was observed only in pastures largely infested by the plant, and animals recover quickly when moved from them.

• Mimosa pudica Leguminosae Mimosoideae traumatic lesions malícia lesões traumáticas

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Barbosa J.D., Silveira J.A.S, Albernaz T.T., Silva N.S., Belo Reis A.S., Oliveira C.M.C., Riet- Correa G. & Duarte M.D. 2009 [Cutaneous lesions of the legs caused by the thorns of Mimosa pudica (Leg. Mimosoideae) in cattle and sheep in the State of Pará.] Lesões de pele causadas por Mimosa pudica (Leg. Mimosoideae) nos membros de bovinos e ovinos no Estado do Pará. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(5):435-438. Central de Diagnóstico Veterinário, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Castanhal, Rua Maximino Porpino da Silva 1000, Castanhal, PA 68740-080, Brazil. E-mail: diomedes@ufpa.br A condition of cattle and sheep characterized by ulcerous and granulomatous skin lesions of the legs was studied. Epidemiological data and the nature of the lesions indicate that they are caused by the thorns of Mimosa pudica (Leg. Mimosoideae). The disease was observed only in pastures largely infested by the plant, and animals recover quickly when moved from them.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Câmara A.C.L., Costa N.A., Riet-Correa F., Afonso J.A.B., Dantas A.F.M., Mendonça C.L. & Souza M.I. 2009. [Spontaneous poisoning in cattle by mesquite beans, Prosopis juliflora (Leg. Mimosoideae) in Pernambuco.] Intoxicação espontânea por vagens de Prosopis juliflora (Leg. Mimosoideae) em bovinos em Pernambuco. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(3):233-240. Clínica de Bovinos, Campus Garanhuns, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Bom Pastor s/n, Cx. Postal 152, Mundaú, Garanhuns, PE 55292-901, Brazil. E-mail: aclcamara@yahoo.com.br Three outbreaks of poisoning by Prosopis juliflora pods are reported in the semiarid region of the state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil, in cattle grazing in fields invaded by the plant or ingesting mesquite beans as a concentrate food. In two farms the disease occurred sporadically. In another, 112 (9.28%) cattle out of 1206 were affected, 84 (6.96%) died due to emaciation, and 28 (2.32%) gained weight after the pods had been withdrawn from the feed. Main clinical signs were progressive weight loss, atrophy of the masseter muscles, dropped jaw, tongue protrusion, difficulties in prehending food, tilting the head during mastigation or rumination, salivation, impaired swallowing, and decreased tone of the tongue. The hematology reveals hypoproteinemia and anemia. Gross lesions were emaciation and reduction in size of the masseter muscles, which appear thinner than normal and grayish due muscular atrophy. Degeneration of neurons of the trigeminal motor nuclei, Wallerian degeneration of the trigeminal nerve roots, and muscular atrophy of the masseter muscles with substitution by fibrous tissue were observed on histologic examination. For the prevention of the poisoning is necessary to limit the amount of mesquite beans in animal nutrition. It is also necessary to develop research to determine the economic and sustainability of the use of Prosopis juliflora for animal food, human food or other uses such as charcoal, wood and fuel wood.

• Poisonous plants Prosopis juliflora Leguminosae Mimosoideae plant poisoning cattle cranial nerves impairment neuronal degeneration

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Câmara A.C.L., Costa N.A., Riet-Correa F., Afonso J.A.B., Dantas A.F.M., Mendonça C.L. & Souza M.I. 2009. [Spontaneous poisoning in cattle by mesquite beans, Prosopis juliflora (Leg. Mimosoideae) in Pernambuco.] Intoxicação espontânea por vagens de Prosopis juliflora (Leg. Mimosoideae) em bovinos em Pernambuco. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(3):233-240. Clínica de Bovinos, Campus Garanhuns, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Bom Pastor s/n, Cx. Postal 152, Mundaú, Garanhuns, PE 55292-901, Brazil. E-mail: aclcamara@yahoo.com.br Three outbreaks of poisoning by Prosopis juliflora pods are reported in the semiarid region of the state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil, in cattle grazing in fields invaded by the plant or ingesting mesquite beans as a concentrate food. In two farms the disease occurred sporadically. In another, 112 (9.28%) cattle out of 1206 were affected, 84 (6.96%) died due to emaciation, and 28 (2.32%) gained weight after the pods had been withdrawn from the feed. Main clinical signs were progressive weight loss, atrophy of the masseter muscles, dropped jaw, tongue protrusion, difficulties in prehending food, tilting the head during mastigation or rumination, salivation, impaired swallowing, and decreased tone of the tongue. The hematology reveals hypoproteinemia and anemia. Gross lesions were emaciation and reduction in size of the masseter muscles, which appear thinner than normal and grayish due muscular atrophy. Degeneration of neurons of the trigeminal motor nuclei, Wallerian degeneration of the trigeminal nerve roots, and muscular atrophy of the masseter muscles with substitution by fibrous tissue were observed on histologic examination. For the prevention of the poisoning is necessary to limit the amount of mesquite beans in animal nutrition. It is also necessary to develop research to determine the economic and sustainability of the use of Prosopis juliflora for animal food, human food or other uses such as charcoal, wood and fuel wood.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Bonel-Raposo J., Riet-Correa F., Guim T.N., Schuch I.D., Grecco F.G. & Fernandes C.G. 2007. [Acute poisoning and abortions in guinea pigs by the pods of Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Leg. Mimosoideae).] Intoxicação aguda e abortos em cobaias pelas favas de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Leg. Mimosoideae). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(12):593-596. Departamento de Patologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil. E-mail: bonel-raposo@brturbo.com.br The objective was to study the acute toxicity and the abortive properties of Enterolobium contortisiliquum pods in guinea pigs. Pods of E. contortisiliquum were administered orally to 4 groups of 3 guinea pigs each. Another group of 3 guinea-pigs was used as control. Group 1 and 2 were fed with one dose of 5 and 10g of pods for kg body weight, respectively. The guinea pigs of Group 3 and 4 received 10 and 15g/kg, respectively, divided into daily doses of 5g/kg. One guinea pig from Group 2 and one from Group 4 died 12 and 18 hours after the end of the administration. Gross lesions were hemorrhages of the stomach and of the large and small gut, enlarged liver, and dilated gall bladder. Histologically, the liver had severe vacuolation and necrosis of periportal hepatocytes. In another experiment a ration containing 4% of pods of E. contortisiliquum was fed to 2 groups of 4 guinea-pigs, 35 days after mating. Four of the 8 guinea pigs aborted 6-15 days after the beginning of ingestion. The other 4 guinea pigs were not pregnant. All guinea pigs were euthanized after abortion or at the end of the experiment. Histologically all animals had mild to severe periportal hemorrhagic necrosis. All fetuses had variable degree of autolysis. In 4 fetuses studied no significant histologic lesions were observed. The acute lesions observed in guinea-pigs are similar than those observed in the spontaneous poisoning by Enterolobium spp. in cattle. Similar lesions are observed in guinea-pigs poisoned experimentally with saponins from E. gummiferum. The results of the experiments in pregnant guinea pigs suggest that E. contortisiliquum can be used to study the abortive effect of its pods or its toxic compounds.

• Poisonous plants hepatotoxic plants abortion Enterolobium contortisiliquum Legumiosae Mimosoideae guinea pigs

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Bonel-Raposo J., Riet-Correa F., Guim T.N., Schuch I.D., Grecco F.G. & Fernandes C.G. 2007. [Acute poisoning and abortions in guinea pigs by the pods of Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Leg. Mimosoideae).] Intoxicação aguda e abortos em cobaias pelas favas de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Leg. Mimosoideae). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(12):593-596. Departamento de Patologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil. E-mail: bonel-raposo@brturbo.com.br The objective was to study the acute toxicity and the abortive properties of Enterolobium contortisiliquum pods in guinea pigs. Pods of E. contortisiliquum were administered orally to 4 groups of 3 guinea pigs each. Another group of 3 guinea-pigs was used as control. Group 1 and 2 were fed with one dose of 5 and 10g of pods for kg body weight, respectively. The guinea pigs of Group 3 and 4 received 10 and 15g/kg, respectively, divided into daily doses of 5g/kg. One guinea pig from Group 2 and one from Group 4 died 12 and 18 hours after the end of the administration. Gross lesions were hemorrhages of the stomach and of the large and small gut, enlarged liver, and dilated gall bladder. Histologically, the liver had severe vacuolation and necrosis of periportal hepatocytes. In another experiment a ration containing 4% of pods of E. contortisiliquum was fed to 2 groups of 4 guinea-pigs, 35 days after mating. Four of the 8 guinea pigs aborted 6-15 days after the beginning of ingestion. The other 4 guinea pigs were not pregnant. All guinea pigs were euthanized after abortion or at the end of the experiment. Histologically all animals had mild to severe periportal hemorrhagic necrosis. All fetuses had variable degree of autolysis. In 4 fetuses studied no significant histologic lesions were observed. The acute lesions observed in guinea-pigs are similar than those observed in the spontaneous poisoning by Enterolobium spp. in cattle. Similar lesions are observed in guinea-pigs poisoned experimentally with saponins from E. gummiferum. The results of the experiments in pregnant guinea pigs suggest that E. contortisiliquum can be used to study the abortive effect of its pods or its toxic compounds.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Almeida A.P.M.G., Kommers G.D., Nogueira A.P.A., Júnior L.G.B., Marques B.M.F.P. & Lemos R.A.A. 2006. [Evaluation of the toxicity of Leucaena leucocephala (Leg. Mimosoi-deae) in sheep.] Avaliação do efeito tóxico de Leucaena leucocephala (Leg.Mimosoideae) em ovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(3):190-194. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Vetetinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller 2443, Cx.Postal 549, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil. E-mail: eqrural@nin.ufms.br An experiment was performed to evaluate the toxicity of Leucaena leucocephala for sheep. Two ewes and six lambs were divided into seven treatments and fed the plant. The adult ewes did not show clinical signs of poisoning. The 4 to 5-month-old lambs presented partial wool loss 6 days after beginning of the administration of the plant and total wool loss after 12 or 20 days. The age of the sheep in this experiment suggests resistance of adult ewes and susceptibility of young lambs to L. leucocaephala poisoning.

• Poisonous plants Leucaena leucocephala Leguminosae Mimosoideae plant poisoning sheep diseases pathology

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Almeida A.P.M.G., Kommers G.D., Nogueira A.P.A., Júnior L.G.B., Marques B.M.F.P. & Lemos R.A.A. 2006. [Evaluation of the toxicity of Leucaena leucocephala (Leg. Mimosoi-deae) in sheep.] Avaliação do efeito tóxico de Leucaena leucocephala (Leg.Mimosoideae) em ovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(3):190-194. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Vetetinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller 2443, Cx.Postal 549, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil. E-mail: eqrural@nin.ufms.br An experiment was performed to evaluate the toxicity of Leucaena leucocephala for sheep. Two ewes and six lambs were divided into seven treatments and fed the plant. The adult ewes did not show clinical signs of poisoning. The 4 to 5-month-old lambs presented partial wool loss 6 days after beginning of the administration of the plant and total wool loss after 12 or 20 days. The age of the sheep in this experiment suggests resistance of adult ewes and susceptibility of young lambs to L. leucocaephala poisoning.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Brito M.F, Tokarnia C.H. & Peixoto P.V. 2001. [Pathology of experimental poisoning by the pods of Stryphnodendron obovatum (Leg. Mimosoideae) in cattle] Intoxicação experimental pelas favas de Stryphnodendron obovatum (Leg. Mimosoideae) em bovinos. 2. Achados anátomo e histopatólogicos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 21(2):61-71. Projeto Sanidade Animal Embrapa/UFRRJ, Km 47, Seropédica, RJ 23851-970, Brazil. e-mail: marilene@ufnj.br With the objective to characterize the gross and histopathological changes of poisoning by the tree Stryplmodendron obovatum Benth., of the Leguminosae Mimosoideae family, its pods were given orally to 17 young bovines. Five of the animals died from the poisoning. One of them received one dose of 60g/kg, and four animals repeated doses(10g/kg for 8 days, 20g/ kg for 3 days, 30g/kg for 2 days, and 40g/kg also during 2 days). At post-mortem examination there was reddening and adherence of the mucosal papillae, breaking up of the epithelium and congestion of the propria, mainly in the rumen and with less intensity in the reticulum and omasum. In the abomasum, focal and diffuse congestion of the mucosa, Iarge areas of erosion and ulceration were observed. In the small intestine there was congestion of the mucosa, and the Peyer's plaques were red and well defined. In the large intestine slight to moderate congestion was seen. The mesenteric lymph nodes were reddend on the cut surface. Histological examination showed in the epithelium, from the oral cavity on up to the omasum, areas of acanthosis, spongiosis, parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis, necrosis and hydropic-vacuolar degeneration, with formation of intraepithelial vesicles or pustules, sometimes containing acantholytic keratocytes, and splitting of the epithelial layer in these areas. In the entire digestive tract, focal congestion and hemorrhages were observed, more severely in the abomasum and small intestine.

• Poisonous plants experimental plant poisoning Stryphnodendron obovatum cattle Pathology Plantas tóxicas intoxicação experimental por plantas bovinos patologia.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Brito M.F, Tokarnia C.H. & Peixoto P.V. 2001. [Pathology of experimental poisoning by the pods of Stryphnodendron obovatum (Leg. Mimosoideae) in cattle] Intoxicação experimental pelas favas de Stryphnodendron obovatum (Leg. Mimosoideae) em bovinos. 2. Achados anátomo e histopatólogicos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 21(2):61-71. Projeto Sanidade Animal Embrapa/UFRRJ, Km 47, Seropédica, RJ 23851-970, Brazil. e-mail: marilene@ufnj.br Com o objetivo de caracterizar as alterações anátomo e histopatológicas da intoxicação experimental por Stryphnodendron obovatum Benth. (fam. Leg. Mimosoideae), as favas desta árvore foram administradas, por via oral, a 17 bovinos jovens. Destes, cinco morreram, sendo que apenas um deles recebeu 60g/kg das favas, em dose única, e quatro as receberam em doses repetidas (10g/kg durante 8 dias, 20g/kg durante 3 dias, 30g/kg durante 2 dias e 40g/kg durante 2 dias). Macroscopicamente, as lesões se caracterizaram por avermelhamento e aderência das papilas, desprendimento do epitélio e congestão da própria, sobretudo no rúmen e com menor intensidade no retículo e no omaso. No abomaso havia congestão difusa ou focal e grandes áreas com erosões/ulcerações. No intestino delgado observaram-se congestão da mucosa e placas de Peyer muito vermelhas e bem delimitadas e no intestino grosso leve a moderada congestão. Os linfonodos mesentéricos apresentavam-se avermelhados, ao corte. Histologicamente verificaram-se, desde a cavidade oral até o omaso, áreas de acantose, espongiose, paraqueratose, hiperqueratose, necrose e degeneração hidrópico-vacuolar, com formação de vesículas ou pústulas intra-epiteliais, por vezes contendo queratinócitos acantolíticos, e desprendimento epitelial nestas áreas. Congestão e hemorragias focais foram observadas em todo trato digestivo, porém eram mais acentuadas no abomaso e no intestino delgado.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Brito M.F., Tokarnia C.H., Peixoto P.V., Silva H.K. & Nogueira M. 2001. [Experimental poisoning by the burs of Stryphnodendron obovatum (Leg. Mimosoideae) in cattle. 1. Clinical aspects] Intoxicação experimental pelas favas de Stryphnodendron obovatum (Leg. Mimosoideae) em bovinos. 1. Caracterização do quadro clínico. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 21 (1):9-17. Projeto Sanidade Animal Embrapa/UFRRJ, Km 47, Seropédica, RJ 23851-970, Brazil. In order to contribute to the characterization of the clinical-pathological picture of poisoning by Stryphnodendron obovatwn Benth. (Leg. Mimosoideae), the pods of the tree were given orally to 17 young bovines. Six animals received the pods only once: Those which received doses of 10 and 20 g/kg, did not show any symptoms of poisoning. Those which receiveel 30, 40 and 40 g/kg of pods, showeel respectively moelerate, severe anel slight symptoms of poisoning, but all recovereel. The animal that was feel 60 g/kg, elieel. Eleven bovines receiveel repeateel doses of the pods: Two of them, which received 2,5 g/kg during 30 days, showed discrete to slight symptoms. Two animals received 5 g/kg during 13 anel 14 days anel showed moderate to severe poisoning. Three animals received 10 g/kg during 20, 8 anel 6 days; the first of them showed slight symptoms, the second died anel the third showed moderate to severe symptoms. Two animals received 20 g/kg during 2 anel 3 days; the first showed slight symptoms, the second died. The two bovines which were fed 30 anel 40 g/kg during 2 days, elieel. First symptoms of poisoning were observed from the first day of the experiments on, anel the clinical course varied from 3 to 63 days. Digestive disorders preelominateel in the clinical-pathological picture. Symptoms were mainly loss of appetite up to anorexia, faeces slightly elry to liquid, elistention of the abdomen without tympanism, loss of ruminal tluid during rumination, decrease in ruminal activity up to atonia, ruminal acidosis, gastro-intestinal colics, sialorrhoea, apathy, loss of weight, elebility, erosions anel ulcers of the oral mucosa. There was congestion of the visible mucous membranes (without icterus) anel of the interdigital parts of the hoofs, areas of focal alopecia anel/or hypotrichia in the axillary regions, the lateral parts of the tighs anel members, loss of hair on the tip of the tail, alterations which can be interpreted as slight photosensitization. In two bovines aspiration pneumonia was verifiecl. In three animals intermittent prolapse of the prepuce was seen, as well as polacuria; sometimes these animals sighed during urination. In all experimental animals the urine was generally turbiel, aciel, dark ambar, with a sweat smell anel high elensity, anel there was proteinuria; in a few animals glicosuria was eliagnoseel. Bilirubine values were normal. Thus, the severe photosensitization reporteei in the literature could not be reproeluceel. Loss of weight, slight photosensitization anel absence of icterus, observed in our experiments, are in accordance with the symptoms reporteei by farmers of the Cerrado-regions (Savanna) where S. obovatum occurs.

• Poisonous plants experimental plant poisoning Stryplmodendron obovatum cattle Plantas tóxicas intoxicação experimental por plantas bovinos.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Brito M.F., Tokarnia C.H., Peixoto P.V., Silva H.K. & Nogueira M. 2001. [Experimental poisoning by the burs of Stryphnodendron obovatum (Leg. Mimosoideae) in cattle. 1. Clinical aspects] Intoxicação experimental pelas favas de Stryphnodendron obovatum (Leg. Mimosoideae) em bovinos. 1. Caracterização do quadro clínico. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 21 (1):9-17. Projeto Sanidade Animal Embrapa/UFRRJ, Km 47, Seropédica, RJ 23851-970, Brazil. Com o objetivo de melhor caracterizar o quadro clínico na intoxicação experimental por Stryphnodendron obovatum Benth., procedeu-se a administração das favas, por via oral, a seis bovinos, em doses únicas e a 11 outros, em doses repetidas. Doses únicas de 10 e 20g/kg não provocaram sintomas. Doses únicas de 30 e 40g/kg provocaram quadros clínicos desde leves até graves, porém só morreu o animal que ingeriu 60g/kg. Os animais que ingeriram doses repetidas de 2,5g/kg por 30 dias adoeceram levemente, já os que receberam 5g/kg durante 13 e 14 dias mostraram sintomatologia moderada e grave, respectivamente. Um bovino que recebeu 10g/kg por 8 dias, outro que ingeriu 20g/kg por 3 dias e dois outros que receberam 30 e 40g/kg por 2 dias morreram ela intoxicação. Os outros três bovinos que receberam doses repetidas (dois com doses de 10g/kg por 20 e 6 dias, outro com dose de 20 g/kg por 2 dias) adoeceram, mas se recuperaram. Os primeiros sintomas de intoxicação, em ambos os grupos, foram observados a partir do primeiro dia do experimento e a evolução variou de 3 a 63 dias. Os sintomas consistiram em anorexia, fezes levemente ressecadas a líquidas, distensão do abdômen, sem timpanismo, perda de fluido ruminal durante a ruminação, atonia e acidose ruminal, cólica, sialorréia, apatia, emagrecimento, fraqueza, erosões e úlceras na cavidade oral. Em alguns animais foram observadas congestão de mucosas visíveis (sem icterícia) e de partes despigmentadas da pele, do córion laminar e ela região interdigital cios quatro membros, áreas ele alopecia focal e/ou hipotricose nas regiões axilares, na face lateral elas coxas e membros e perda dos pêlos ela ponta ela cauda, alterações estas que podem ser interpretadas como as ele leve fotossensibilização. Em três bovinos se observaram relaxamento intermitente cio prepúcio, micção freqüente e em gotejamento e, por vezes, gemidos ao eliminar a urina que, em geral, se apresentava turva, ácida, ele cor âmbar-escura, com odor adocicado e com a densidade elevada; os níveis ele bilirrubina na urina foram normais.