Resultado da pesquisa (217)
Termo utilizado na pesquisa leite
#1 - Bacterial and viral agents in cattle with and without respiratory signs in dairy herds from São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul states, Brazil
Abstract in English:
Bovine respiratory disease is a multifactorial syndrome of complex etiology, involving interactions among bacterial and viral agents, and has a significant impact on the cattle industry worldwide. This study aimed to identify agents associated with respiratory infections in dairy herds in São Paulo (SP) and Rio Grande do Sul (RS) states. Nasal swabs obtained from animals with and without nasal/respiratory signs in 10 herds in SP (n = 178) and nine herds in RS (n = 273) were submitted to nucleic acid extraction and to endpoint multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)/PCR assays for bacterial and viral agents. The bacterial multiplex PCR covers four bacteria (Histophilus somni, Mannheimia haemolytica, Mycoplasma bovis and Pasteurella multocida); the viral multiplex encompasses seven viruses (bovine herpesvirus 1 – BoAHV-1; bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and 2 – BVDV-1, BVDV-2; HoBi-like pestivirus – HoBiPeV; bovine respiratory syncytial virus – BRSV; bovine parainfluenza 3 virus – BPIV-3 and bovine coronavirus – BCoV). The overall frequency of positive samples was 23.7% (107/451) and the most frequently detected agents were H. somni (30.8%, 33/107) and M. bovis (21.5%, 23/107), followed by BCoV (19.6%, 21/107), BPIV-3 (13.1%, 14/107), M. haemolytica (11.2%, 12/107) and BRSV (9.3%, 10/107). Mixed infections were detected in 13.1% samples (14/107), especially involving bacteria of the Pasteurellaceae family, but also BCoV and BRSV. Considering herd prevalence, H. somni was detected in 57.9% herds (11/19), M. bovis in 52.6% (10/19), M. haemolytica in 42.1% (8/19), BPIV-3 in 36.8% (7/19), BCoV in 26.3% (5/19), BoAHV-1 and BRSV in 21% (4/19), P. multocida in 15.8% (3/19) and BVDV in 5.3% (1/19) herds. Overall, these results offer an overview of the main viral and bacterial agents associated with respiratory infection in dairy herds in the studied regions (SP and RS). In addition, the complex etiology of respiratory disease in cattle highlights the importance of employing multi-etiological diagnostic approaches for comprehensive and accurate investigation.
Abstract in Portuguese:
A doença respiratória bovina é uma síndrome multifatorial de etiologia complexa que envolve interações entre agentes bacterianos e virais, com impacto significativo na indústria pecuária mundial. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar os agentes relacionados à infecção respiratória em rebanhos leiteiros nos estados de São Paulo (SP) e Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Suabes nasais obtidos de animais com ou sem sinais nasais/respiratórios em dez rebanhos em SP (n = 178) e nove rebanhos no RS (n = 273) foram submetidos à extração de ácidos nucleicos e a testes de transcrição reversa seguida pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (RT-PCR)/PCR multiplex convencional para agentes bacterianos e virais. O PCR multiplex bacteriano abrange quatro espécies de bactérias (Histophilus somni, Mannheimia haemolytica, Mycoplasma bovis e Pasteurella multocida); o multiplex viral é capaz de detectar sete vírus (herpesvírus bovino 1 – BoAHV-1; vírus da diarreia viral bovina 1 e 2 – BVDV-1, BVDV-2; pestivírus HoBi-like – HoBiPeV; vírus sincicial respiratório bovino – BRSV; vírus da parainfluenza bovina 3 – BPIV-3 e coronavírus bovino – BCoV). A frequência de amostras positivas foi de 23,7% (107/451) e os agentes mais frequentemente detectados foram H. somni (30,8%; 33/107) e M. bovis (21,5%; 23/107), seguidos por BCoV (19,6%; 21/107), BPIV-3 (13,1%; 14/107), M. haemolytica (11,2%; 12/107) e BRSV (9,3%; 10/107). Infecções mistas foram detectadas em 13,1% das amostras (14/107), especialmente envolvendo bactérias da família Pasteurellaceae, mas também BCoV e BRSV. Considerando a prevalência de rebanhos, H. somni foi detectado em 57,9% dos rebanhos (11/19), M. bovis em 52,6% (10/19), M. haemolytica em 42,1% (8/19), BPIV-3 em 36,8% (7/19), BCoV em 26,3% (5/19), BoAHV-1 e BRSV em 21% (4/19), P. multocida em 15,8% (3/19) e BVDV em 5,3% (1/19) dos rebanhos. No geral, esses resultados fornecem uma visão geral dos principais agentes virais e bacterianos associados com infecção respiratória em rebanhos leiteiros nas regiões estudadas (SP e RS). Além disso, a etiologia complexa das doenças respiratórias em bovinos justifica o uso abordagens diagnósticas multietiológicas, capazes de fornecer um diagnóstico mais abrangente e preciso.
#2 - An acidified product with zinc, copper and tea tree oil compounds: a strategy to treat digital dermatitis in dairy cattle using HoofCare®
Abstract in English:
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an antibiotic-free footbath protocol with the product HoofCare® for the treatment, prevention, and control of digital dermatitis (DD) lesions in dairy cows, when used in combination with brushing the lesions with the same product. The study was conducted on a large commercial dairy farm in Brazil and lasted 15 weeks. The entire lactating herd, estimated at over 2,200 Holstein cows, was included. As this study was a continuation of the first investigation of the efficacy of this product in footbaths, the protocol was based on preliminary results on the optimal number of passages using pH changes and the effect of intensive footbathing with the product. The protocol consisted of a footbath with 10% HoofCare® applied once per day, three times a week, along with topical treatment of the DD lesions by brushing them three times a week on alternate days with the footbath. Data collection focused on the number of affected hind limbs and lesion classification (non-existent, inactive, and active) at eight inspection points. The results showed a significant reduction in the prevalence and incidence of DD lesions, from 49.85% to 17.17% and 20.91% to 1.80%, respectively. Furthermore, at the end, most hind limbs had no lesions (82.83%), followed by inactive lesions (13.22%), and active lesions (3.95%). Logistic regression analysis showed there was no significant impact of days in milk and lactation on lesion development (p > 0.8). Our findings demonstrated that this footbath protocol with HoofCare® combined with brushing lesions with the same product is effective in preventing, controlling, and treating DD lesions on a dairy farm.
Abstract in Portuguese:
O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a eficácia do protocolo de pedilúvio sem antibióticos com o produto HoofCare® para o tratamento, prevenção e controle de lesões de dermatite digital (DD) em vacas leiteiras quando combinado com o pincelamento das lesões utilizando o mesmo produto. Este estudo foi realizado em uma grande fazenda leiteira comercial do Brasil durante 15 semanas. Todo o rebanho lactante estimado em mais de 2.200 vacas da raça Holandês foi incluído. Como este estudo foi uma continuação da primeira investigação da eficácia deste produto em pedilúvios, baseou-se o protocolo em resultados, o número ideal de passagens usando variações de pH, e o efeito do uso de pedilúvio intensivo com o produto. O protocolo consistiu em pedilúvio com HoofCare® 10% aplicado uma vez ao dia, três vezes por semana, associado ao tratamento tópico das lesões de DD pelo pincelamento três vezes por semana em dias alternados ao pedilúvio. A coleta de dados incluiu os membros pélvicos afetados e classificação das lesões (inexistente, inativa e ativa) em oito momentos de inspeção. Os resultados demonstraram uma redução significativa na prevalência e incidência de lesões de DD de 49,85% para 17,17% e de 20,91% para 1,80 respectivamente. Além disso, no final, a maioria dos membros pélvicos não apresentavam lesões (82,83%), seguido por lesões inativas (13,22%) e lesões ativas (3,95%). A análise de regressão logística mostrou que não houve impacto significativo dos dias em lactação no desenvolvimento da lesão (p > 0,8). Nossos resultados demonstraram que este protocolo de pedilúvio com HoofCare® combinado com pincelamento com o mesmo produto em ordenha rotativa é eficaz em prevenir, controlar e tratar lesões de DD na fazenda leiteira.
#3 - Investigation of antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis milk in Southwest Turkey
Abstract in English:
One of the most important pathogens of bovine mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus, often shows antibiotic resistance due to the widespread use of antibiotics in dairy herds. Here, we analyzed S. aureus isolates recovered from milk samples of mastitis-affected cows from various dairy farms for the presence of specific antibiotic resistance genes (mecA, blaZ, aacA-aphD, tetK, tetM, vanA, cfr, fusB, and ileS). To isolate and identify S. aureus, milk was inoculated onto Baird-Parker agar plates. The thermonuclease gene (nuc) was used for molecular identification of each S. aureus isolate. The chosen resistance genes were found in 14 verified isolates. The blaZ and tetM genes were found in all isolates (100%), whereas the aacA-aphD, mecA, and cfr genes were found in 42.9%, 14.3%, and 7.1% of the isolates, respectively. TetK, vanA, fusB, and ileS genes were not found in any of the isolates. Every isolate carried at least blaZ and tetM, demonstrating the widespread co-carriage of several genes. The findings show that S. aureus from bovine mastitis in this area exhibits broad genotypic resistance to β-lactams and tetracyclines, and emphasize the need for ongoing regional surveillance of resistance determinants.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Staphylococcus aureus, um dos patógenos mais importantes da mastite bovina, frequentemente apresenta resistência aos antibióticos devido ao uso generalizado de antibióticos em rebanhos leiteiros. Analisamos isolados de S. aureus recuperados de amostras de leite de vacas afetadas por mastite de várias fazendas leiteiras para a presença de genes específicos de resistência aos antibióticos (mecA, blaZ, aacA-aphD, tetK, tetM, vanA, cfr, fusB, e ileS). Para isolar e identificar S. aureus, o leite foi inoculado em placas de ágar Baird-Parker. O gene termonuclease (nuc) foi usado para a identificação molecular de cada isolado de S. aureus. Os genes de resistência escolhidos foram encontrados em 14 isolados verificados. Os genes blaZ e tetM foram encontrados em todos os isolados (100%), enquanto os genes aacA-aphD, mecA e cfr foram encontrados em 42,9%, 14,3% e 7,1% dos isolados, respectivamente. Os genes TetK, vanA, fusB e ileS não foram encontrados em nenhum dos isolados. Todos os isolados carregavam pelo menos blaZ e tetM, demonstrando o transporte conjunto generalizado de vários genes. Os resultados mostram que S. aureus da mastite bovina nesta região tem ampla resistência genotípica aos β-lactâmicos e tetraciclinas, e enfatizam a necessidade de vigilância regional contínua dos determinantes de resistência
#4 - Insights into Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis and genetic diversity in bovine mastitis
Abstract in English:
Bovine mastitis is the most common infectious disease in dairy herds and causes important economic losses. Various pathogens can cause the disease, with Staphylococcus aureus being one of the most significant. S. aureus can cause clinical, subclinical, and chronic forms of the disease due to a variety of virulence factors, including protein A, coagulase, toxins, and adhesins. The presence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains complicates treatment protocols and raises concerns about antimicrobial resistance. The genetic characterization of these strains, utilizing techniques such as molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), reveals the existence of different genetic and virulence profiles, as well as the geographical variations in the distribution of these genotypes. The role of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, functional genomics, and multi-omics approaches in the genetic research of bovine mastitis are highlighted, providing a complete understanding of its genetic basis and opening opportunities for targeted interventions and improved disease control strategies in the dairy industry. This review highlights the importance of understanding the genetic diversity and pathogenic mechanisms of S. aureus in bovine mastitis to develop effective disease management strategies and reduce economic losses in the dairy sector globally.
Abstract in Portuguese:
A mastite bovina é a doença infecciosa mais comum em rebanhos leiteiros e causa importantes perdas econômicas. Diversos patógenos podem causar a doença, sendo Staphylococcus aureus um dos mais significativos. S. aureus pode causar formas clínicas, subclínicas e crônicas da doença devido a uma variedade de fatores de virulência, incluindo proteína A, coagulase, toxinas e adesinas. A presença de cepas de S. aureus resistentes à meticilina complica os protocolos de tratamento e levanta preocupações sobre a resistência antimicrobiana. A caracterização genética dessas cepas, utilizando técnicas como a tipagem molecular por eletroforese em gel de campo pulsado (PFGE), revela a existência de diferentes perfis genéticos e de virulência, bem como as variações geográficas na distribuição desses genótipos. Destaca-se o papel das tecnologias de sequenciamento de nova geração (NGS), da genômica funcional e das abordagens multi-ômicas na pesquisa genética da mastite bovina, proporcionando uma compreensão mais completa de sua base genética e abrindo oportunidades para intervenções direcionadas e melhores estratégias de controle da doença na indústria de laticínios. Esta revisão destaca a importância de compreender a diversidade genética e os mecanismos patogênicos de S. aureus na mastite bovina para desenvolver estratégias eficazes de manejo da doença e reduzir as perdas econômicas no setor de laticínios globalmente.
#5 - Association between the severity of lung lesions and performance, mortality, first conception, and pneumonia treatment in dairy calves
Abstract in English:
The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of lung lesions in dairy calves on weight gain throughout the pre-weaning phase, mortality until 19 months of age, and age at first conception, and its association with transfer of passive immunity (TP) and diarrhea and establish the efficiency of on-farm calf pneumonia diagnosis. Thoracic ultrasonography (TUS) was conducted on 193 Holstein calves aged 1 to 24 weeks, and data related to TP, diarrhea, weight gain, and age at first conception were collected. Out of these, 109 calves were used to compare TUS findings with on-farm diagnosis, which was based on treatment records. For each unit increase in plasma protein (TP) above 5.0 g/dL, there was a reduction in the number of lesions > 1 cm (R2 = 0.0061; P = 0.003) and cases treated for pneumonia (R2 = 0.021; P = 0.044), whereas more days in diarrhea represented more treatments (R2 = 0.022; P = 0.04). The number of intercostal spaces (ICS) affected had a negative effect on the time required to reach a body weight of 370 kg (R2 = 0.025; P = 0.001) and an increase in the mean value of the number of ICS with consolidations > 1 cm by one unit resulted in a 51% increase in the death rate (hazard ratio = 1.51; P = 0.002) up to 19 months of age. In the comparison of TUS and on-farm diagnosis, 36.69% (40/109) of the calves were misdiagnosed. These results underscore the importance of enhancing diagnostic methods and strategies for pneumonia in calves, as well as identifying and mitigating associated risk factors to improve health, future productivity, and survival.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar o impacto das lesões pulmonares em bezerros leiteiros no ganho de peso ao longo da fase de aleitamento, na mortalidade até os 19 meses de idade e na idade a primeira concepção, e sua associação com a transferência de imunidade passiva (TIP) e diarreia, e estabelecer a eficiência do diagnóstico de pneumonia em bezerras na fazenda. Ultrassonografia torácica (UST) foi realizada em 193 bezerras Holandês com idade entre um e 24 semanas, e foram coletados dados relacionados a TIP, diarreia, ganho de peso e idade a primeira concepção. Destas, 109 bezerras foram utilizadas para comparar os resultados de UST com o diagnóstico na fazenda, que foi baseado em registros de tratamento. Para cada aumento unitário de proteína plasmática (PPT) acima de 5,0 g/dL, houve redução no número de lesões > 1 cm (R2 = 0,0061; P = 0,003) e de casos tratados para pneumonia (R2 = 0,021; P = 0,044), enquanto mais dias de diarreia representaram mais tratamentos (R2 = 0,022; P = 0,04). O número de espaços intercostais (EIC) afetados teve efeito negativo no tempo necessário para atingir o peso corporal de 370 kg (R2 = 0,025; P = 0,001) e aumento no valor médio do número de EIC com consolidações > 1 cm em uma unidade resultou em um aumento de 51% na taxa de mortalidade (hazard ratio = 1,51; P = 0,002) até os 19 meses de idade. Na comparação entre UST e diagnóstico na fazenda, 36,69% (40/109) das bezerras foram mal diagnosticadas. Estes resultados ressaltam a importância de melhorar os métodos e estratégias de diagnóstico para a pneumonia em bezerras, bem como identificar e mitigar os fatores de risco associados para melhorar sua saúde, produtividade futura e sobrevivência.
#6 - Identification of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli as the cause of mastitis in cows from Brazil
Abstract in English:
Escherichia coli is recognized as one of the main microorganisms responsible for triggering clinical mastitis, a disease that causes considerable economic losses in the dairy industry. In this context, this study aimed to identify E. coli isolates present in individual milk samples collected from cows diagnosed with clinical mastitis from various regions of Brazil. Additionally, through polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the presence of virulence genes eae, bfpB, escN, aatA, aggR, ipaH, stx1, stx2, est, and eltA was investigated; all associated with the pathotypes of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC). As an integral part of the study, a comprehensive assessment of the sensitivity profile of the isolates to 11 different antimicrobials widely used in mastitis treatment was also conducted. A total of 198 milk samples were collected from cows diagnosed with clinical mastitis. Among these samples, 12 isolates (6.07%) demonstrated bacterial growth greater than three Colony-Forming Units (CFU) when grown on MacConkey agar medium and morphological characteristics of E. coli. The disc-diffusion test was used to evaluate the susceptibility of these isolates to antimicrobials, and the most predominant resistance was observed concerning streptomycin and tetracycline, affecting 16.67% of the strains analyzed. Notably, all isolates investigated did not demonstrate the presence of the genes eae, aatA, aggR, ipaH, stx1, stx2, est, and eltA. These results indicate that these isolates do not fit the pathotypes known as diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC). However, one of the isolates tested was positive for the bfpB and escN genes. The detection of resistant E. coli associated with clinical mastitis points to possible gaps in the treatment of the disease. Additionally, the presence of resistance genes in E. coli strains indicates the potential to transmit these genes between animals and, perhaps, along the food chain.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Escherichia coli é reconhecida como um dos principais microrganismos responsáveis pelo desencadeamento da mastite clínica, doença que causa perdas econômicas consideráveis na indústria de laticínios. Neste contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo principal a identificação de isolados de E. coli presentes em amostras individuais de leite coletadas de vacas com diagnóstico de mastite clínica, de diversas regiões do Brasil. Adicionalmente, por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), foi investigada a presença dos genes de virulência eae, bfpB, escN, aatA, aggR, ipaH, stx1, stx2, est e eltA, todos associados aos patótipos de E. coli diarreiogênica (DEC). Como parte integrante do estudo, foi realizada uma avaliação abrangente do perfil de sensibilidade dos isolados a 11 antimicrobianos diferentes amplamente utilizados no tratamento da mastite. Foram coletadas 198 amostras de leite de vacas com diagnóstico de mastite clínica. Dentre essas amostras, 12 isolados (6,07%) demonstraram crescimento bacteriano superior a três Unidades Formadoras de Colônia (UFC) quando cultivadas em meio ágar MacConkey e características morfológicas de E. coli. Para avaliar a suscetibilidade desses isolados aos antimicrobianos foi utilizado o teste de disco-difusão, sendo observada a resistência mais predominante em relação à estreptomicina e à tetraciclina, afetando 16,67% das cepas analisadas. É relevante ressaltar que todos os isolados investigados não demonstraram a presença dos genes eae, aatA, aggR, ipaH, stx1, stx2, est e eltA. Estes resultados indicam que estes isolados não se enquadram nos patótipos conhecidos como Escherichia coli diarreiogénica (DEC). Porém, um dos isolados testados apresentou positividade para os genes bfpB e escN. A detecção de E. coli resistente associada à mastite clínica aponta para possíveis lacunas no tratamento da doença. Além disso, a presença de genes de resistência em estirpes de E. coli indica a capacidade potencial de transmitir estes genes entre animais e talvez ao longo da cadeia alimentar.
#7 - Feline application/inflammation-associated sarcoma: Gross aspects and histomorphological
Abstract in English:
Feline injection-site sarcomas in felines account for more than 40% of cutaneous and subcutaneous neoplasms in felines. The present study aimed to describe the macroscopic and histomorphological findings of feline application/injection sarcomas. Samples from 31 feline tumors with a history of feline application/inflammation sarcoma were re-evaluated regarding histological subtype, mitotic index and score, depth of tissue invasion, and presence of inflammation considering the location, intensity and predominant cell types. Of the 31 samples from felines diagnosed with sarcoma at the application/inflammation site, 87.15% were cats with no defined breed (NDB), with a mean age of 8.5 years. The predominant anatomical sites were the back and flank/abdomen, both with 29% (9/31), and the prevalent histological subtype was fibrosarcoma at 77.4% (24/31), followed by anaplastic giant cell sarcoma at 12.9% (4/31) and myxosarcoma 9.6% (3/31). The histological grade with the highest number of cases was III (51.6%), followed by Grade II (35.4%) and I (12.9%). The mean of the longest axis measurements varied between the different tumor grades without being significant, with the average being 2.5±2.79cm in Grade I tumors and 3.2±2.28cm in Grade II tumors. and 4.68±2.07cm in Grade III tumors. Necrosis was observed in 74.2% of tumors. The tissue inflammation score was mild to moderate in 58% of cases and severe in 32.2%, with lymphocytic and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates being prevalent, with 25.8% each, followed by lymphoplasmohistiocytic with 22.6%. The infiltration depth was 38.7% in muscle tissue, followed by 32.2% in the subcutaneous tissue. Pleomorphism was accentuated in 51.6%. Desmoplasia was moderate in 45.1%. Satellite nodules were present in 29% of cases, and 19.4% had macrophages with intracytoplasmic content suggestive of adjuvants. Surgical margins were infiltrated (M1) in 48.4% and narrowed in 25.8% (M2). The anatomical locations observed were different from those recommended by the Vaccine-Associated Feline Sarcoma Task Force (VAFST); in most cases, the adjuvanted macrophage was not present. From this data, we can suggest that sarcomas in felines are not only correlated to the vaccine application, corroborating the hypothesis that any material, whether liquid or solid, and any chronic inflammatory process in the subcutaneous tissue of cats can induce the entity if they are predisposed to do so. The detailed histomorphological data evaluated in this study were key points and provided important information about tumor behavior, being a tool for clinical-oncological decision-making.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Feline injection-site sarcomas in felines account for more than 40% of cutaneous and subcutaneous neoplasms in felines. The present study aimed to describe the macroscopic and histomorphological findings of feline application/injection sarcomas. Samples from 31 feline tumors with a history of feline application/inflammation sarcoma were re-evaluated regarding histological subtype, mitotic index and score, depth of tissue invasion, and presence of inflammation considering the location, intensity and predominant cell types. Of the 31 samples from felines diagnosed with sarcoma at the application/inflammation site, 87.15% were cats with no defined breed (NDB), with a mean age of 8.5 years. The predominant anatomical sites were the back and flank/abdomen, both with 29% (9/31), and the prevalent histological subtype was fibrosarcoma at 77.4% (24/31), followed by anaplastic giant cell sarcoma at 12.9% (4/31) and myxosarcoma 9.6% (3/31). The histological grade with the highest number of cases was III (51.6%), followed by Grade II (35.4%) and I (12.9%). The mean of the longest axis measurements varied between the different tumor grades without being significant, with the average being 2.5±2.79cm in Grade I tumors and 3.2±2.28cm in Grade II tumors. and 4.68±2.07cm in Grade III tumors. Necrosis was observed in 74.2% of tumors. The tissue inflammation score was mild to moderate in 58% of cases and severe in 32.2%, with lymphocytic and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates being prevalent, with 25.8% each, followed by lymphoplasmohistiocytic with 22.6%. The infiltration depth was 38.7% in muscle tissue, followed by 32.2% in the subcutaneous tissue. Pleomorphism was accentuated in 51.6%. Desmoplasia was moderate in 45.1%. Satellite nodules were present in 29% of cases, and 19.4% had macrophages with intracytoplasmic content suggestive of adjuvants. Surgical margins were infiltrated (M1) in 48.4% and narrowed in 25.8% (M2). The anatomical locations observed were different from those recommended by the Vaccine-Associated Feline Sarcoma Task Force (VAFST); in most cases, the adjuvanted macrophage was not present. From this data, we can suggest that sarcomas in felines are not only correlated to the vaccine application, corroborating the hypothesis that any material, whether liquid or solid, and any chronic inflammatory process in the subcutaneous tissue of cats can induce the entity if they are predisposed to do so. The detailed histomorphological data evaluated in this study were key points and provided important information about tumor behavior, being a tool for clinical-oncological decision-making.
#8 - Infrared thermography used to detect local adverse reactions induced by reproductive vaccine adjuvants in Holstein heifers
Abstract in English:
Local adverse reactions following vaccination, often tied to the adjuvant type, can lead to pain, fever, reduced intake, and weight loss. Infrared thermography (IRT), a non-invasive human and veterinary medicine technique, can assess local inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate such reactions induced by reproductive vaccines with different adjuvants, using IRT alongside cardinal signs, rectal temperature, and haptoglobin concentration. Thirty-five Holstein heifers were grouped by vaccine type: Ah (aluminum hydroxide), Ow (oil-in-water), QAD (amphigen and quil A cholesterol and dimethyl-dioctadecyl ammonium bromide adjuvant), and a Control (saline solution). Assessments were made at 0, 6, 24-, 48-, 72-, and 168 hours post-vaccination for both doses, with an interval of 21 days. The local reactions were evaluated using the inflammatory cardinal signs and surface temperature measurement using IRT. The systemic reactions were identified by rectal temperature and the concentration of haptoglobin. A larger proportion of animals exhibiting local reactions based on scores assigned to the cardinal signs was found in the Vaccine QAD group, as well as the rectal temperature and the frequency of heifers with inflammation (Hp ≥2mg/dL). Nevertheless, Vaccine Ow demonstrated higher temperature at the site after the first vaccination dose for the IRT. Therefore, this approach is a valuable tool in classifying responses and local inflammation following vaccination in heifers with reproductive vaccines. Concurrently evaluating systemic manifestations, facilitates the surveillance of adverse reactions, thereby improving the discernment of the extent of systemic and local effects.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Reações adversas locais após a vacinação, frequentemente associadas ao tipo de adjuvante, podem levar a dor, febre, redução na ingestão e perda de peso. A termografia infravermelha (IRT), uma técnica não invasiva utilizada na medicina humana e veterinária, oferece um meio de avaliar a inflamação local. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar tais reações induzidas por vacinas reprodutivas com diferentes adjuvantes, utilizando IRT junto com sinais cardinais, temperatura retal e concentração de haptoglobina. Trinta e cinco novilhas Holandesas foram agrupadas por tipo de vacina: Ah (hidróxido de alumínio), Ow (óleo em água), QAD (anfígeno e adjuvante de quil A colesterol e brometo de amônio dimetil-dioctadecil) e Controle (solução salina). As avaliações foram realizadas às 0, 6, 24, 48, 72 e 168 horas pós-vacinação para ambas as doses, com um intervalo de 21 dias. As reações locais foram avaliadas pelos sinais cardinais inflamatórios e pela aferição da temperatura superficial usando IRT. As reações sistêmicas foram identificadas pela temperatura retal e pela concentração de haptoglobina (Hp). Uma proporção maior de animais exibindo reações locais com base nos escores atribuídos aos sinais cardinais foi encontrada no grupo Vacina QAD, assim como na temperatura retal e na frequência de novilhas com inflamação (Hp ≥2mg/dL). No entanto, para a IRT, a Vacina Ow demonstrou temperatura mais elevada no local após a primeira dose de vacinação. Portanto, essa abordagem é uma ferramenta valiosa para classificar as respostas e a inflamação local após a vacinação em novilhas com vacinas reprodutivas. Avaliar simultaneamente as manifestações sistêmicas facilita a vigilância das reações adversas, melhorando assim o discernimento da extensão dos efeitos tanto sistêmicos quanto locais.
#9 - Rabies in a free-ranging jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi) in northeastern Brazil
Abstract in English:
Rabies is a fatal viral disease that affects animals and humans and is widespread among national ecological systems. We describe the anatomopathological and immunohistochemical findings of a case of rabies in a jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi) found in a rural peri-domestic area after showing aggression and attacking two animals. Histopathology of brain tissue showed lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis associated with intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies in neurons, gliosis and neuronophagia. The diagnosis of rabies was based on the lesions and confirmed by immunohistochemistry and qPCR. In Brazil, rabies in wild felines of the genus Puma has only been described in animals through serological examinations. The pathological findings are essential for the diagnosis and elucidation of the participation of this species in the wild cycle of the disease, as well as in the maintenance and conservation of the balance of wild fauna.
Abstract in Portuguese:
A raiva é uma doença viral fatal que afeta animais e o homem, estando disseminada entre os sistemas ecológicos nacionais. Descrevem-se os achados anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos de um caso de raiva em um jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi), encontrado em área peridomiciliar rural, após apresentar agressividade e ataque a dois animais. Microscopicamente, observou-se meningoencefalite linfoplasmocítica associada a corpúsculos de inclusão intracitoplasmáticos eosinofílicos em neurônios, gliose e neuronofagia. O diagnóstico de raiva foi estabelecido pelos achados patológicos e confirmado por imuno-histoquímica e qPCR. A ocorrência de raiva em felinos silvestres do gênero Puma só foi descrita por meio de exames sorológicos. Os achados patológicos são essenciais para o diagnóstico e elucidação da participação desta espécie no ciclo silvestre da doença, bem como na manutenção e conservação do equilíbrio da fauna silvestre.
#10 - Micromineral concentrations (copper, cobalt, iron, molybdenum and zinc) in the liver of dairy cows from Campos Gerais Region, Paraná state, Brazil
Abstract in English:
This study collected samples from 50 Holstein cows, most intensively bred, and from the Campos Gerais region, Paraná, with an average milk production of 30.21L/day. Samples of the liver, spleen and lymph nodes were collected to determine the levels of copper, cobalt, iron, molybdenum and zinc. Spleen and lymph nodes were subjected to histological analysis and evaluation of the degree of hemosiderosis. The average concentrations of copper (495.05ppm), molybdenum (4.19ppm), and zinc (274.49ppm) were higher than those established for the bovines. For cobalt 26% of the animals presented levels below the established level, which characterized cobalt deficiency. Only iron (299.12ppm) exhibited an adequate average level. Histopathologically hemosiderosis was observed mainly in the spleen (78%) and less frequently in the lymph nodes (20%). The observation of hemosiderin in the spleen and lymph nodes is not related to copper deficiency. Still it may be related to high levels of molybdenum, zinc, iron, or other undetermined causes.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Para este estudo foram coletadas amostras de 50 vacas, da raça Holandesa, a maior parte criada intensivamente e oriunda da região dos Campos Gerais/PR, com média individual de produção de leite de 30,21L/dia. Foram coletadas amostras de fígado, baço e linfonodos para determinação dos níveis de cobre (Cu), cobalto (Co), ferro (Fe), molibdênio (Mo) e zinco (Zn). Baço e linfonodo foram submetidos à análise histológica e avaliação do grau de hemossiderose. A média das concentrações de Cu (495,05ppm), Mo (4,19ppm) e Zn (274,49ppm) encontrava-se acima dos níveis estabelecidos para bovinos. Para o Co, observou-se que 26% dos animais apresentaram níveis abaixo do estabelecido, o que caracterizou deficiência de Co. Apenas o Fe (299,12ppm) apresentou níveis médios adequados. Na histopatologia, hemossiderose foi observada, principalmente no baço (78%) e com menos frequência nos linfonodos (20%). A observação de hemossiderina no baço e linfonodos não está relacionada à deficiência de Cu, porém pode estar relacionada a elevados níveis de Mo, Zn e Fe ou a outras causas não determinadas.
