PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Furlan F.H., Lucioli J., Borelli V., Fonteque J.H., Stolf L., Traverso S.D. & Gava A. 2009. [Poisoning by closantel in sheep and goats in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil.] Intoxicação por closantel em ovinos e caprinos no Estado de Santa Catarina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(1):89-93. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC 88520-000, Brazil. E-mail: a2ag@cav.udesc.br Two outbreaks of closantel overdosage in sheep and goat flocks are described. In the first outbreak 12 sheep were affected, 5 of them showed blindness, three sheep died (Sheep 1-3) and two were euthanized 6 months after the onset of clinical manifestation (Sheep 4 and 5). In the second outbreak 26 goats were affected, from which six survived despite blindness and one was euthanized. Clinically the animals showed depression, ataxia, motor incoordination, decreased or absent pupil reflexes. In some animals this clinical picture developed to bilateral blindness, with no reaction to threat and bilateral irresponsive midriasis. In the ophthalmic examination retinal vessel atrophy and hyperreflexia were observed. The histological examination showed myelin edema leading to status spongiosus in the central nervous system and compressive neuropathy of the optic nerve, associated with retinal degeneration and/or atrophy. This report aims to describe the epidemiologic, clinic and pathologic aspects of closantel overdosage in sheep and goats.

• Closantel sheep goats status spongiosus retinal degeneration

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Furlan F.H., Lucioli J., Borelli V., Fonteque J.H., Stolf L., Traverso S.D. & Gava A. 2009. [Poisoning by closantel in sheep and goats in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil.] Intoxicação por closantel em ovinos e caprinos no Estado de Santa Catarina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(1):89-93. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC 88520-000, Brazil. E-mail: a2ag@cav.udesc.br Two outbreaks of closantel overdosage in sheep and goat flocks are described. In the first outbreak 12 sheep were affected, 5 of them showed blindness, three sheep died (Sheep 1-3) and two were euthanized 6 months after the onset of clinical manifestation (Sheep 4 and 5). In the second outbreak 26 goats were affected, from which six survived despite blindness and one was euthanized. Clinically the animals showed depression, ataxia, motor incoordination, decreased or absent pupil reflexes. In some animals this clinical picture developed to bilateral blindness, with no reaction to threat and bilateral irresponsive midriasis. In the ophthalmic examination retinal vessel atrophy and hyperreflexia were observed. The histological examination showed myelin edema leading to status spongiosus in the central nervous system and compressive neuropathy of the optic nerve, associated with retinal degeneration and/or atrophy. This report aims to describe the epidemiologic, clinic and pathologic aspects of closantel overdosage in sheep and goats.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Bezerra F.S.B., Garcia H.A., Alves H.M., Oliveira I.R.S., Silva A.E., Teixeira M.M.G. & Batista J.S. 2008. [Trypanosoma vivax in testicular and epidydimal tissues of experimentally infected sheep.] Trypanosoma vivax nos tecidos testicular e epididimário de ovinos experimentalmente infectados. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(12):575-582. Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Ciências Animais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido, BR 110 Km 47, Cx. Postal 147, Mossoró, RN 59625-900, Brazil. E-mail: jaelsbatista@hotmail.com Four adult sheep (number 1, 2, 3 and 4), all males, were inoculated intravenously with 1ml of blood containing 1.25x105 trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma vivax, and Sheep 5, 6, 7 and 8 were used as control. After infection, clinical exams considering rectal temperature, respiratory and cardiac frequencies, and parasitaemia were recorded daily for a 30-day experiment period. Blood samples were obtained for 5-day intervals to hematocrit analysis. At the end of the experimental period, the sheep were orquiectomized. Testes and epididymides from these animals were studied anatomopathologically. Samples from these tissues of Sheep 1, 4 and 5 were taken to polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Clinical parameters remained for the infected group above the values observed in the control group during the experimental period. Parasitaemia was observed on day 3 post-infection, and the highest values occurred between day 6 and 10, and day 15 and 18 post-infection. Sheep 1 and 4 showed severe anemia on day 25 post-infection. All sheep of the infected group showed flabby and palid testes. Histologically, moderate to severe testicular degeneration, multifocal epididymitis and hyperplasia of epididymal epithelium were observed. The result of T. vivax PCR analysis in the testes and epididymal tissues was positive in 100% of the samples of the experimentally infected sheep. Epididymal and testicular lesions associated with the presence of the parasite in these tissues, shown by PCR, suggest the participation of T. vivax in the pathophysiological mechanism of reproductive damage.

• rypanosomosis small ruminant PCR anatomopathology testicular degene-ration epididymitis extravascular foci

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Bezerra F.S.B., Garcia H.A., Alves H.M., Oliveira I.R.S., Silva A.E., Teixeira M.M.G. & Batista J.S. 2008. [Trypanosoma vivax in testicular and epidydimal tissues of experimentally infected sheep.] Trypanosoma vivax nos tecidos testicular e epididimário de ovinos experimentalmente infectados. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(12):575-582. Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Ciências Animais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido, BR 110 Km 47, Cx. Postal 147, Mossoró, RN 59625-900, Brazil. E-mail: jaelsbatista@hotmail.com Four adult sheep (number 1, 2, 3 and 4), all males, were inoculated intravenously with 1ml of blood containing 1.25x105 trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma vivax, and Sheep 5, 6, 7 and 8 were used as control. After infection, clinical exams considering rectal temperature, respiratory and cardiac frequencies, and parasitaemia were recorded daily for a 30-day experiment period. Blood samples were obtained for 5-day intervals to hematocrit analysis. At the end of the experimental period, the sheep were orquiectomized. Testes and epididymides from these animals were studied anatomopathologically. Samples from these tissues of Sheep 1, 4 and 5 were taken to polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Clinical parameters remained for the infected group above the values observed in the control group during the experimental period. Parasitaemia was observed on day 3 post-infection, and the highest values occurred between day 6 and 10, and day 15 and 18 post-infection. Sheep 1 and 4 showed severe anemia on day 25 post-infection. All sheep of the infected group showed flabby and palid testes. Histologically, moderate to severe testicular degeneration, multifocal epididymitis and hyperplasia of epididymal epithelium were observed. The result of T. vivax PCR analysis in the testes and epididymal tissues was positive in 100% of the samples of the experimentally infected sheep. Epididymal and testicular lesions associated with the presence of the parasite in these tissues, shown by PCR, suggest the participation of T. vivax in the pathophysiological mechanism of reproductive damage.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Diéguez F.J., Yus E., Sanjuán M.L., Vilar M.J. & Arnaiz I. 2008. Monitoring bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection status in dairy herds. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(12):588-592. Unidad de Epidemiología y Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentarios, Facultad de Veterinaria s/n, Lugo 27002, Spain. E-mail: franciscojavier.dieguez@usc.es This study was designed to assess the relationship between antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) determined in the bulk tank milk (BTM) and the within-herd seroprevalence. We also assessed the efficiency of measuring antibody levels in BTM samples to monitor BVDV infection status in a herd. In the 81 farms included in the study, BTM samples were obtained and blood samples withdrawn from all cattle older than one year. The infection status was then determined in serum and milk using a commercial blocking ELISA based on the detection of anti-p80 antibodies. Apart from these baseline serum and milk samples, another BTM sample was collected from each herd 9 months later, and a third BTM sample obtained 9 months after this. In these second and third milk samples, anti-BVDV antibodies were determined using the same ELISA kit. Statistical tests revealed good agreement between herd seroprevalences (% seropositive animals in the herd) and the antibody levels detected in the BTM samples. During the 18 months of follow-up, the farms with persistently infected cattle at the study outset (14.8% of the herds) showed a significant decrease in BTM antibody titers after virus clearance. Conversely, a significant increase in BTM antibody levels was observed in the herds infected with BVDV during the follow-up period. Our findings indicate that monitoring antibody levels in the BTM is a useful method of identifying changes in the BVDV infection status of a herd.

• Bovine viral diarrhea vírus BVDV antibodies diagnostic milk

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Diéguez F.J., Yus E., Sanjuán M.L., Vilar M.J. & Arnaiz I. 2008. Monitoring bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection status in dairy herds. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(12):588-592. Unidad de Epidemiología y Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentarios, Facultad de Veterinaria s/n, Lugo 27002, Spain. E-mail: franciscojavier.dieguez@usc.es This study was designed to assess the relationship between antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) determined in the bulk tank milk (BTM) and the within-herd seroprevalence. We also assessed the efficiency of measuring antibody levels in BTM samples to monitor BVDV infection status in a herd. In the 81 farms included in the study, BTM samples were obtained and blood samples withdrawn from all cattle older than one year. The infection status was then determined in serum and milk using a commercial blocking ELISA based on the detection of anti-p80 antibodies. Apart from these baseline serum and milk samples, another BTM sample was collected from each herd 9 months later, and a third BTM sample obtained 9 months after this. In these second and third milk samples, anti-BVDV antibodies were determined using the same ELISA kit. Statistical tests revealed good agreement between herd seroprevalences (% seropositive animals in the herd) and the antibody levels detected in the BTM samples. During the 18 months of follow-up, the farms with persistently infected cattle at the study outset (14.8% of the herds) showed a significant decrease in BTM antibody titers after virus clearance. Conversely, a significant increase in BTM antibody levels was observed in the herds infected with BVDV during the follow-up period. Our findings indicate that monitoring antibody levels in the BTM is a useful method of identifying changes in the BVDV infection status of a herd.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Modolo J.R., Stachissini A.V.M., Gennari S.M., Dubey J.P., Langoni H., Padovani C.R., Barroso L. & Leite B.L.S. 2008. [Frequency of antibodies anti-Neospora caninum in sera of goats of the State São Paulo and its relationship with flock management.] Freqüência de anticorpos anti-Neospora caninum em soros de caprinos do estado de São Paulo e sua relação com o manejo dos animais. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(12):597-600. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Cx. Postal 524, Rubião Júnior s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil. E-mail: jrmodolo@fmvz.unesp.br In order to assess the frequency of dairy goats seropositive for Neospora caninum in the state of São Paulo, and its relationship with age, sex, presence of dogs and reproductive problems in goat pens, serum samples were obtained from 923 goats of both sexes older than 3 months of age. Samples were collected in 17 properties located in different municipalities. Neospora agglutination test (NATe”25) was used to determine the presence of Neospora caninum in all animals. Epidemiological and reproductive data were obtained through a questionnaire which was administered in all goat pens. Significance level was set at 5% for all statistical tests. N. caninum positivity rate was 19.77%. Only one of the properties had no seropositive animal revealing N. caninum diffusion in the state. Seropositivity frequency did not correlate with sex, age, or reproductive problems. However, the presence of dogs was associated with a higher frequency of N. caninum seropositivity. A choroplethic map with hatch patterns showing the geographical distribution of goats seropositive for Neospora caninum may considerably contribute to geographic epidemiological studies and the development of disease control strategies.

• Neospora caninum occurrence; goats dogs epidemiological variables reproductive problems geographic distribution

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Modolo J.R., Stachissini A.V.M., Gennari S.M., Dubey J.P., Langoni H., Padovani C.R., Barroso L. & Leite B.L.S. 2008. [Frequency of antibodies anti-Neospora caninum in sera of goats of the State São Paulo and its relationship with flock management.] Freqüência de anticorpos anti-Neospora caninum em soros de caprinos do estado de São Paulo e sua relação com o manejo dos animais. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(12):597-600. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Cx. Postal 524, Rubião Júnior s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil. E-mail: jrmodolo@fmvz.unesp.br In order to assess the frequency of dairy goats seropositive for Neospora caninum in the state of São Paulo, and its relationship with age, sex, presence of dogs and reproductive problems in goat pens, serum samples were obtained from 923 goats of both sexes older than 3 months of age. Samples were collected in 17 properties located in different municipalities. Neospora agglutination test (NATe”25) was used to determine the presence of Neospora caninum in all animals. Epidemiological and reproductive data were obtained through a questionnaire which was administered in all goat pens. Significance level was set at 5% for all statistical tests. N. caninum positivity rate was 19.77%. Only one of the properties had no seropositive animal revealing N. caninum diffusion in the state. Seropositivity frequency did not correlate with sex, age, or reproductive problems. However, the presence of dogs was associated with a higher frequency of N. caninum seropositivity. A choroplethic map with hatch patterns showing the geographical distribution of goats seropositive for Neospora caninum may considerably contribute to geographic epidemiological studies and the development of disease control strategies.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Modolo J.R., Langoni H., Padovani C.R., Barrozo L.V., Leite B.L.S., Gennari S.M. & Stachissini A.V.M. 2009.[Occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in goat sera in the state of São Paulo, and its association with epidemiological variables, reproductive problems and risks on public health.] Avaliação da ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii, em soros de caprinos do estado de São Paulo, e associação com variáveis epidemiológicas, problemas reprodutivos e riscos à saúde pública. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(12):606-610. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Cx. Postal 524, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, SP, Brazil. E-mail: jrmodolo@fmvz.unesp.br The study evaluated the anti-Toxplasma gondii antibodies occurrence in dairy goats in São Paulo State, and also verified likely associations with age, sex, presence of cats, occurrence of reproductive problems, and potential risks to public health. Serum was obtained from 923 animals of both sex, over three months of age from 17 properties in different cities. For the diagnosis, the indirect immunofluorescence reaction (RIFIe”16) and a questionnaire about health to collect epidemiological information and the reproductive cycle of every goat were used. Among all properties, 15 foci of T. gondii were diagnosed with seropositivity ranging from 2.70% to 81.25%. Neither association between the frequency of seropositivity and the sex of animals nor occurrence of reproduction failure of goats was identified. There was positive influence of anti-T. gondii antibody rate due to the older age of the animals and the presence of cats in pens. The risk of transmitting T. gondii to the public health must be considered, once in some properties where the positive serology was verified natural, products such as milk and/or meat are commercialized. Results were discussed at 5% level of significance.

• Toxoplasma gondii occurrence commercialization map distribution dairy goats

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Modolo J.R., Langoni H., Padovani C.R., Barrozo L.V., Leite B.L.S., Gennari S.M. & Stachissini A.V.M. 2009.[Occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in goat sera in the state of São Paulo, and its association with epidemiological variables, reproductive problems and risks on public health.] Avaliação da ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii, em soros de caprinos do estado de São Paulo, e associação com variáveis epidemiológicas, problemas reprodutivos e riscos à saúde pública. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(12):606-610. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Cx. Postal 524, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, SP, Brazil. E-mail: jrmodolo@fmvz.unesp.br The study evaluated the anti-Toxplasma gondii antibodies occurrence in dairy goats in São Paulo State, and also verified likely associations with age, sex, presence of cats, occurrence of reproductive problems, and potential risks to public health. Serum was obtained from 923 animals of both sex, over three months of age from 17 properties in different cities. For the diagnosis, the indirect immunofluorescence reaction (RIFIe”16) and a questionnaire about health to collect epidemiological information and the reproductive cycle of every goat were used. Among all properties, 15 foci of T. gondii were diagnosed with seropositivity ranging from 2.70% to 81.25%. Neither association between the frequency of seropositivity and the sex of animals nor occurrence of reproduction failure of goats was identified. There was positive influence of anti-T. gondii antibody rate due to the older age of the animals and the presence of cats in pens. The risk of transmitting T. gondii to the public health must be considered, once in some properties where the positive serology was verified natural, products such as milk and/or meat are commercialized. Results were discussed at 5% level of significance.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Freitas M.F.L., Luz I.S., Silveira-Filho V.M., Júnior J.W.P., Stamford T.L.M., Mota R.A., Sena M.J., Almeida A.M.P., Balbino V.Q. & Leal-Balbino T.C. 2008. Staphylococcal toxin genes in milk samples from cows diagnosed with subclinical mastitis. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(12):617-621. Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Campus da Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-420, Brazil. E-mail: cristina@cpqam.fiocruz.br The present study was carried out in 11 dairy herds in four municipal districts of the rural area of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Out of 984 quarter milk (246 cows), 10 (1.0%) were positive for clinical mastitis, 562 (57.1%) for subclinical mastitis and 412 (41.9%) were negative. A total of 81 Staphylococcus spp. isolates were obtained from milk samples from the cows diagnosed with subclinical mastitis. From these, 53 (65.0%) were S. aureus, 16 (20.0%) coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS) and 12 (15.0%) coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). The isolates were further investigated for the presence of toxin genes by multiplex and uniplex PCR. The main gene observed was seg followed by seh, sei and sej. The distribution of these observed genes among the isolates obtained from different areas showed a regional pattern for the SEs. The presence of toxin genes in the strains isolated from bovine milk demonstrates a potential problem for public health.

• Staphylococcal toxins toxin genes milk dairy cows

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Freitas M.F.L., Luz I.S., Silveira-Filho V.M., Júnior J.W.P., Stamford T.L.M., Mota R.A., Sena M.J., Almeida A.M.P., Balbino V.Q. & Leal-Balbino T.C. 2008. Staphylococcal toxin genes in milk samples from cows diagnosed with subclinical mastitis. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(12):617-621. Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Campus da Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-420, Brazil. E-mail: cristina@cpqam.fiocruz.br The present study was carried out in 11 dairy herds in four municipal districts of the rural area of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Out of 984 quarter milk (246 cows), 10 (1.0%) were positive for clinical mastitis, 562 (57.1%) for subclinical mastitis and 412 (41.9%) were negative. A total of 81 Staphylococcus spp. isolates were obtained from milk samples from the cows diagnosed with subclinical mastitis. From these, 53 (65.0%) were S. aureus, 16 (20.0%) coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS) and 12 (15.0%) coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). The isolates were further investigated for the presence of toxin genes by multiplex and uniplex PCR. The main gene observed was seg followed by seh, sei and sej. The distribution of these observed genes among the isolates obtained from different areas showed a regional pattern for the SEs. The presence of toxin genes in the strains isolated from bovine milk demonstrates a potential problem for public health.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Pedroso P.M.O., Pescador C.A., Bandarra P.M., Raymundo D.L., Borba M.R., Wouters F., Bezerra Jr P.S. & Driemeier D. 2008. [Standardization of immunohistochemistry technique for detection of rabies virus in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples from central nervous system of cattle.] Padronização da técnica de imuno-histoquímica para raiva em amostras de tecido do sistema nervoso central de bovinos fixadas em formol e emblocadas em parafina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(12):627-632. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br For standardization of the rabies immunohistochemistry technique, five samples of central nervous system (CNS) of cattle naturally infected with rabies virus were examined. One polyclonal antibody and two monoclonal antibodies were used. The following reagents were evaluated for antigen retrieval: XIV protease, proteinase K and citrate buffer (pH 6.0) boiling at 100°C during 15 minutes in bain-marie. Detection of rabic antigen was possible with the three antibodies tested. The polyclonal antibody was superior to the monoclonal antibodies, demonstrating good results with the three antigen retrieval protocols. The highest intensity staining was obtained with the citrate buffer and heat. The immunohistochemistry technique demonstrated the presence of viral antigens in the cytoplasm of neurons, in form of aggregates or with round or oval shape. The antigens were found as single or multiples inclusion bodies in the neurons. Immunohistochemistry is a fast method that can be used in routine procedures in cases where rabies is suspected, especially when the brain is submitted to the laboratory as formalin-fixed fragments or when samples could not be immediately shipped. The technique is also useful for retrospective studies.

• Diseases of cattle infectious diseases diseases of the central nervous system rabies immunohistochemistry standardization

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Pedroso P.M.O., Pescador C.A., Bandarra P.M., Raymundo D.L., Borba M.R., Wouters F., Bezerra Jr P.S. & Driemeier D. 2008. [Standardization of immunohistochemistry technique for detection of rabies virus in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples from central nervous system of cattle.] Padronização da técnica de imuno-histoquímica para raiva em amostras de tecido do sistema nervoso central de bovinos fixadas em formol e emblocadas em parafina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(12):627-632. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br For standardization of the rabies immunohistochemistry technique, five samples of central nervous system (CNS) of cattle naturally infected with rabies virus were examined. One polyclonal antibody and two monoclonal antibodies were used. The following reagents were evaluated for antigen retrieval: XIV protease, proteinase K and citrate buffer (pH 6.0) boiling at 100°C during 15 minutes in bain-marie. Detection of rabic antigen was possible with the three antibodies tested. The polyclonal antibody was superior to the monoclonal antibodies, demonstrating good results with the three antigen retrieval protocols. The highest intensity staining was obtained with the citrate buffer and heat. The immunohistochemistry technique demonstrated the presence of viral antigens in the cytoplasm of neurons, in form of aggregates or with round or oval shape. The antigens were found as single or multiples inclusion bodies in the neurons. Immunohistochemistry is a fast method that can be used in routine procedures in cases where rabies is suspected, especially when the brain is submitted to the laboratory as formalin-fixed fragments or when samples could not be immediately shipped. The technique is also useful for retrospective studies.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Costa M.M., Peixoto R.M., Boijink C.L., Castagna L., Meurer F., & Vargas A.C. 2008. [Antimicrobial sensibility of bacterial isolates from jundiá (Rhamdia quelen).] Sensibilidade antimicrobiana de bactérias isoladas de jundiá (Rhamdia quelen). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(10):477-480. Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Rua da Simpatia 179, Petrolina, PE 56304-440, Brazil. E-mail: mateus.costa@univasf.edu.br Aiming the evaluation of sensitivity profiles of pathogen bacteria responsible for fish diseases, 51 bacterial isolates from Jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) belonging to the genus Acinetobacter spp. (8), Aeromonas spp. (15), Edwardsiella spp. (2), Enterobacter spp. (2), Klebsiella spp. (1), Plesiomonas spp. (5), Pseudomonas spp. (1), Staphylococcus spp. (11), and Vibrio spp. (6), were tested against antimicrobial agents used for treatment of bacterial fish diseases. All samples were processed at the Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, UFSM. From 51 bacteria isolated from jundiá fishes (Rhamdia quelen) 51 (100%) were sensitive to gentamycin, 49 (96,08%) to sulphazotrin, 47(92,16%) to chloramphenicol, 43 (84,31%) to tetracylin, 43 (84,31%) to naldixic acid, 31 (60,78%) to nitrofurantoin, 22 (43,14%) to erytromycin, 22 (43,14%) to ampicillin, 15 (29,41%) spiramycin, 13 (25,50%) to cholystin, and 5 (3%) to penicillin G. With exception of an isolate of Staphylococcus spp., the bacteria analyzed in the present study were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents tested. Knowledge of the sensitivity profile of bacteria involved in infectious processes in fish will allow rational antimicrobial treatment that will contribute to the control of fish diseases in Rhamdia quelen without causing great risks to public health and the environment.

• Pathogen bacterial antimicrobial drugs Rhamdia quelen

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Costa M.M., Peixoto R.M., Boijink C.L., Castagna L., Meurer F., & Vargas A.C. 2008. [Antimicrobial sensibility of bacterial isolates from jundiá (Rhamdia quelen).] Sensibilidade antimicrobiana de bactérias isoladas de jundiá (Rhamdia quelen). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(10):477-480. Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Rua da Simpatia 179, Petrolina, PE 56304-440, Brazil. E-mail: mateus.costa@univasf.edu.br Aiming the evaluation of sensitivity profiles of pathogen bacteria responsible for fish diseases, 51 bacterial isolates from Jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) belonging to the genus Acinetobacter spp. (8), Aeromonas spp. (15), Edwardsiella spp. (2), Enterobacter spp. (2), Klebsiella spp. (1), Plesiomonas spp. (5), Pseudomonas spp. (1), Staphylococcus spp. (11), and Vibrio spp. (6), were tested against antimicrobial agents used for treatment of bacterial fish diseases. All samples were processed at the Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, UFSM. From 51 bacteria isolated from jundiá fishes (Rhamdia quelen) 51 (100%) were sensitive to gentamycin, 49 (96,08%) to sulphazotrin, 47(92,16%) to chloramphenicol, 43 (84,31%) to tetracylin, 43 (84,31%) to naldixic acid, 31 (60,78%) to nitrofurantoin, 22 (43,14%) to erytromycin, 22 (43,14%) to ampicillin, 15 (29,41%) spiramycin, 13 (25,50%) to cholystin, and 5 (3%) to penicillin G. With exception of an isolate of Staphylococcus spp., the bacteria analyzed in the present study were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents tested. Knowledge of the sensitivity profile of bacteria involved in infectious processes in fish will allow rational antimicrobial treatment that will contribute to the control of fish diseases in Rhamdia quelen without causing great risks to public health and the environment.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Teixeira T.F., Holz C.L., Caixeta S.P.M.B., Dezen D., Cibulski S.P., Silva J.R., Rosa J.C.A., Schmidt E., Ferreira J.C., Batista H.B.C.R., Caldas E., Franco A.C. & Roehe P.M. 2008. [Rabies diagnosis in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 1985 to 2007.] Diagnóstico de raiva no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, de 1985 a 2007. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(10):515-520. Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Fepagro-Saúde Animal, Cx. Postal 2076, Porto Alegre, RS 90001-970, Brazil. E-mail: proehe@ufrgs.br The results of 23 years of rabies diagnosis carried out at the Veterinary Research Institute Desidério Finamor, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil, are reported. From 1985 to 2007, a total of 23.460 specimens were examined, corresponding to 95% of the total number of samples submitted to rabies laboratory diagnosis notified within the state. Diagnostic methods included standard techniques such as the fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and mouse inoculation test (MIT). No cases of human rabies occurred in the period. Rabies virus (RV) was detected in 739 specimens (3.1%), from which 656 (88.7%) were from cattle. The virus was also identified in specimens from 23 dogs (3.1%), 21 horses (2.9%), 29 bats (4.0%), 4 cats (0.5%), 3 sheep (0.4%), 2 pigs (0.27%) and a wild animal of undetermined species (0.13%). The last case of rabies associated with a canine variant was diagnosed in 1988. Two cases of rabies associated with bat variant viruses were reported, in a domestic cat (2001) and in a dog (2007). In cattle, a marked tendency to a decrease in the number of cases was detected in the examined period. In contrast, an increase in the number of cases in haematophagous as well as in non haematophagous bats is noticed. However, as the number of bat specimens submitted for diagnosis has increased, this finding most likely reflects a higher degree of awareness on the possible role for bats in the rabies transmission cycle, rather than any particular changes on the virus or its hosts.

• Rabies epidemiology diagnosis incidence

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Teixeira T.F., Holz C.L., Caixeta S.P.M.B., Dezen D., Cibulski S.P., Silva J.R., Rosa J.C.A., Schmidt E., Ferreira J.C., Batista H.B.C.R., Caldas E., Franco A.C. & Roehe P.M. 2008. [Rabies diagnosis in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 1985 to 2007.] Diagnóstico de raiva no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, de 1985 a 2007. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(10):515-520. Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Fepagro-Saúde Animal, Cx. Postal 2076, Porto Alegre, RS 90001-970, Brazil. E-mail: proehe@ufrgs.br The results of 23 years of rabies diagnosis carried out at the Veterinary Research Institute Desidério Finamor, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil, are reported. From 1985 to 2007, a total of 23.460 specimens were examined, corresponding to 95% of the total number of samples submitted to rabies laboratory diagnosis notified within the state. Diagnostic methods included standard techniques such as the fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and mouse inoculation test (MIT). No cases of human rabies occurred in the period. Rabies virus (RV) was detected in 739 specimens (3.1%), from which 656 (88.7%) were from cattle. The virus was also identified in specimens from 23 dogs (3.1%), 21 horses (2.9%), 29 bats (4.0%), 4 cats (0.5%), 3 sheep (0.4%), 2 pigs (0.27%) and a wild animal of undetermined species (0.13%). The last case of rabies associated with a canine variant was diagnosed in 1988. Two cases of rabies associated with bat variant viruses were reported, in a domestic cat (2001) and in a dog (2007). In cattle, a marked tendency to a decrease in the number of cases was detected in the examined period. In contrast, an increase in the number of cases in haematophagous as well as in non haematophagous bats is noticed. However, as the number of bat specimens submitted for diagnosis has increased, this finding most likely reflects a higher degree of awareness on the possible role for bats in the rabies transmission cycle, rather than any particular changes on the virus or its hosts.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Barbosa P.L.G., Melnic R.V., Morini A.C., Martins D.S., Morini-Junior J.C., Pereira F.T.V., Franciolli A.L.R., Favaron P.O., Ambrósio C.E. & Miglino M.A. 2008. [Characterization of the fetal membranes in buffalo cows in the first three months of gestation.] Caracterização das membranas fetais em búfalas no terço inicial da gestação. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(9):437-445. Setor de Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. E-mail: drimorini@usp.br The aim of the study was to characterize the fetal membranes in buffalo cows (Bubalus bubalis, Linnaeus 1758) in the first 3 months of the gestation. The fetal membranes were analyzed gross and microscopically (light and ultrastructural analysis). The corion is a simple layer of circle cells, with spherical nucleus, named trofoblastics; there is another cellular type, named trophoblastic giant cells, with two or more nucleus. Both of them have many cytoplasmic and reticule endoplasmic vesicles on transmission electron microscopy. The allantoic has many vessels filled with eritrocytes, elongated cells which form a stratified simple epithelium. The amnion is transparent or sometimes whitish, consisting of a stratified simple epithelium. The main difference between the allantoic and amnion is that the latter is avascular. The yolk sac is an opaque membrane that disappears during gestation, and is the only membrane that is not in contact with the others; it presents three different types of cells which form three distinct layers (endoderm, mesothelium and mesenquimal).

• Buffaloes fetal membranes morphology placenta

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Barbosa P.L.G., Melnic R.V., Morini A.C., Martins D.S., Morini-Junior J.C., Pereira F.T.V., Franciolli A.L.R., Favaron P.O., Ambrósio C.E. & Miglino M.A. 2008. [Characterization of the fetal membranes in buffalo cows in the first three months of gestation.] Caracterização das membranas fetais em búfalas no terço inicial da gestação. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(9):437-445. Setor de Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. E-mail: drimorini@usp.br The aim of the study was to characterize the fetal membranes in buffalo cows (Bubalus bubalis, Linnaeus 1758) in the first 3 months of the gestation. The fetal membranes were analyzed gross and microscopically (light and ultrastructural analysis). The corion is a simple layer of circle cells, with spherical nucleus, named trofoblastics; there is another cellular type, named trophoblastic giant cells, with two or more nucleus. Both of them have many cytoplasmic and reticule endoplasmic vesicles on transmission electron microscopy. The allantoic has many vessels filled with eritrocytes, elongated cells which form a stratified simple epithelium. The amnion is transparent or sometimes whitish, consisting of a stratified simple epithelium. The main difference between the allantoic and amnion is that the latter is avascular. The yolk sac is an opaque membrane that disappears during gestation, and is the only membrane that is not in contact with the others; it presents three different types of cells which form three distinct layers (endoderm, mesothelium and mesenquimal).