PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

Abstract.- Oliveira E.C., Sonne L., Bezerra Júnior P.S., Teixeira E.M., Dezengrini R., Pavarini S.P., Flores E.F. & Driemeier D. 2009. [Clinic and pathological findings in dogs naturally infected with canine herpesvirus.] Achados clínicos e patológicos em cães infectados naturalmente por herpesvírus canino. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(8):637-642. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br The clinic and pathological findings and laboratorial testing of puppies with postmortem diagnosis of canine herpesvirus infection are described. The cases occurred in two households of Porto Alegre, RS, in April 2007 and July 2008. The puppies presented anorexia, depression, cry and dyspnea, followed by death about 24-72 hours after the onset of clinical signs. At necropsy multifocal pin point hemorrhages were observed in the kidneys. The liver was enlarged with petechiae and white foci on the surface. The lungs were red and did not collapse. The spleen was enlarged and, in some cases, with petechiae on the capsular surface. Mesenteric lymph nodes and thymus were enlarged. Microscopic lesions included hemorrhages and multifocal necrosis of the renal tubular epithelial cells, hepatocytes and lymphoid tissues. In the lungs there was severe multifocal alveolar necrosis with abundant fibrin deposits and a mixed inflammatory infiltrate of variable intensity. Intranuclear inclusion bodies were identified in the periphery of necrotic areas in hepatocytes, renal tubular epithelial cells and alveolar cells. Samples of liver, kidney and lung were positive in the direct immunofluorescence test for canine herpes virus type 1 (CHV-1). The diagnosis was based on epidemiological data, necropsy findings, histological lesions and positive immunofluorescence results using CHV-1 antibody in tissue samples. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the identification of CHV-1 in Brazil, although previous clinic and pathological findings already suggested the presence of the virus in Brazilian canine population.

• Canine herpesvirus

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Oliveira E.C., Sonne L., Bezerra Júnior P.S., Teixeira E.M., Dezengrini R., Pavarini S.P., Flores E.F. & Driemeier D. 2009. [Clinic and pathological findings in dogs naturally infected with canine herpesvirus.] Achados clínicos e patológicos em cães infectados naturalmente por herpesvírus canino. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(8):637-642. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br Descrevem-se os achados clínicos e patológicos e os exames laboratoriais de filhotes de cães com diagnóstico post mortem de infecção por herpesvírus canino. Os casos ocorreram em duas propriedades da Cidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, em abril de 2007 e julho de 2008. Clinicamente, os cães apresentaram anorexia, apatia, choro e dispneia. A morte dos cães ocorreu após 24-72 horas do início dos sinais clínicos. Na necropsia observaram-se hemorragia multifocal renal e hepatomegalia com petéquias e pontos brancos na superfície natural do fígado. Os pulmões se apresentaram não-colapsados e vermelhos. Havia esplenomegalia e, em alguns cães, petéquias na superfície capsular do baço. Aumento dos linfonodos mesentéricos e do timo foi observado. Lesões microscópicas incluíram hemorragia e necrose multifocal em células epiteliais tubulares renais, hepatócitos e tecidos linfoides. Nos pulmões, havia necrose alveolar multifocal acentuada com abundante material fibrinoso e infiltrado inflamatório misto de intensidade variada. Ocasionais corpúsculos de inclusão intranucleares em áreas periféricas à necrose foram identificados em hepatócitos, células epiteliais de túbulos renais e células alveolares. Amostras de fígado, rim e pulmão foram positivas na imunofluorescência direta para herpesvírus canino tipo 1 (CHV-1). O diagnóstico de infecção por herpesvírus foi baseado nos achados de necropsia, histológicos e de imunofluorescência positiva em tecidos usando anticorpo anti-CHV-1. De nosso conhecimento, este é o primeiro relato da identificação do CHV-1 no Brasil, embora achados clínico-patológicos anteriores já sugerissem a presença do agente na população canina do país.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Stedile R., Beck C.A.C., Schiochet F., Ferreira M.P., Oliveira S.T., Martens F.B., Tessari J.P., Bernades S.B.L., Oliveira C.S., Santos A.P., Mello F.P.S., Alievi M.M. & Muccillo M.S. 2009. Laparoscopic versus open splenectomy in dogs. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(8):653-660. Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: stediler@gmail.com In the last few years, the use of laparoscopy in veterinary medicine has expanded and consequently so was the need for studies that establish the advantages, disadvantages and possible complications of each procedure. The purpose of the current study was to describe a laparoscopic splenectomy technique and the alterations due to this access, and compare it to the open procedure in dogs. A total of 15 healthy female mongrel dogs were used, with mean weight of 17.4±2.5kg. The animals were distributed into three groups: Group IA of open splenectomy (laparotomy) using double ligation of the vessels of the splenic hilum with poliglicolic acid, Group IB of open splenectomy (laparotomy) with bipolar electrocoagulation of the splenic hilum, and Group II of laparoscopic access with bipolar electrocoagulation of the splenic hilum. Operative time, blood loss, size of incisions, complications during and after surgery were evaluated. Other parameters included pain scores, white blood cell (WBC) counts and postoperative serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose and cortisol. No differences were found in the evaluation of parameters between both open splenectomy techniques employed. Laparoscopic access presented significant differences (p<0,05) when compared with open surgery: Longer operative time, smaller abdominal access, decrease in blood loss, lower concentrations of CRP, higher levels of CK and ALP, and lower scores in the pain scale. Laparoscopic surgery showed fewer complications of the surgical wound. No significant differences were observed between groups in the postoperative temperature, WBC, ALT, cortisol and glucose concentrations. In conclusion, the laparoscopic technique is useful for splenectomy in dogs, being advantageous in terms of blood loss, surgical stress and surgical wounds. However, it expends more operative time and causes transitory increase in hepatic and muscular enzymes.

• Spleen

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Stedile R., Beck C.A.C., Schiochet F., Ferreira M.P., Oliveira S.T., Martens F.B., Tessari J.P., Bernades S.B.L., Oliveira C.S., Santos A.P., Mello F.P.S., Alievi M.M. & Muccillo M.S. 2009. [Comparação entre esplenectomia laparoscópica e convencional em cães.] Laparoscopic versus open splenectomy in dogs. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(8):653-660. Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: stediler@gmail.com Nos últimos anos, a utilização da laparoscopia em Medicina Veterinária vem expandindo e, conseqüentemente, a necessidade de pesquisas que determinem as vantagens, desvantagens e possíveis complicações de cada procedimento. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever uma técnica de esplenectomia laparoscópica, assim como as alterações decorrentes deste acesso, e compará-la ao procedimento convencional em cães. Foram utilizadas 15 cadelas hígidas, sem raça definida, com peso médio de 17,4 ±2,5kg. Os animais foram distribuídos em três grupos: Grupo IA de acesso convencional (por laparotomia) utilizando ligadura com ácido poliglicólico no selamento vascular do hilo esplênico, Grupo IB de acesso convencional (por laparotomia) com eletrocoagulador bipolar do hilo esplênico, e Grupo II de acesso laparoscópico com eletrocoagulador bipolar para selamento vascular dos ramos esplênicos. Estes grupos foram avaliados em relação ao tempo cirúrgico, à perda de sangue, ao tamanho das incisões e às complicações durante e após a cirurgia. Também foram comparadas as avaliações da escala de dor e as alterações no leucograma e nas concentrações séricas da alanina aminotransferase (ALT), da fosfatase alcalina (FA), da creatina quinase (CK), da proteína C-reativa (CRP), da glicose e do cortisol no pós-operatório. Os acessos convencionais não diferiram entre si nos parâmetros avaliados. O acesso laparoscópico apresentou diferenças significativas (p<0,05) quando comparado ao convencional: maior tempo cirúrgico, menor acesso abdominal, diminuição na perda de sangue, menores concentrações de CRP, maiores níveis de CK e FA, além de pontuação menor na escala de dor. A cirurgia laparoscópica apresentou menor número de complicações das feridas cirúrgicas. A ALT, o cortisol, a glicemia, o leucograma e a temperatura retal pós-operatórias não diferiram significativamente entre os acessos convencional e laparoscópico. Conclui-se que a cirurgia laparoscópica é viável para esplenectomia em cães, apresentando vantagem em relação à perda de sangue, ao estresse cirúrgico e às feridas cirúrgicas, embora apresente maior tempo cirúrgico e cause aumento transitório de enzimas hepática e muscular.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Oliveira R.R., Mamprim M.J., Rahal S.C. & Bicudo A.L.C. 2009. [Radiography and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in dogs.] Radiografia e ultrassonografia no diagnóstico da ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial em cães. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(8):661-665. Departamento de Patologia Geral, Universidade Estadual do Paraná, Cx. Postal 261, Bandeirantes, PR 86360-000, Brazil. E-mail: rodrigoreisvet@hotmail.com Radiography and ultrasonography were evaluated as tools for diagnosis of the rupture of cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) in dogs. Twenty-five dogs were submitted to radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations and their results were compared with those obtained by artrotomy (gold standard). Radiography detected the rupture in 84% (21/25) of the cases, but 16% (4/25) were false-negative. Ultrasonography identified accurately 76% (19/25) of the cases and gave a probable diagnosis for the remaining 24% (6/25) what means that this technique presented 100% of positive results. It was possible to conclude that radiography and ultrasonography are valuable tools for the diagnosis of CrCL rupture in dogs.

• Cruciate ligament

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- ABSTRACT.- Oliveira R.R., Mamprim M.J., Rahal S.C. & Bicudo A.L.C. 2009. [Radiography and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in dogs.] Radiografia e ultrassonografia no diagnóstico da ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial em cães. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(8):661-665. Departamento de Patologia Geral, Universidade Estadual do Paraná, Cx. Postal 261, Bandeirantes, PR 86360-000, Brazil. E-mail: rodrigoreisvet@hotmail.com Radiografia e ultrassonografia foram avaliadas como técnicas no diagnóstico por imagem na ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial (LCCr) em cães. Vinte e cinco cães foram submetidos à radiografia e ultrassonografia e seus resultados foram comparados aos obtidos por artrotomia (teste padrão ouro). O exame radiográfico diagnosticou corretamente a lesão em 84% (21/25) dos casos, mas 16% (4/25) apresentaram resultado falso-negativo. O exame ultrassonográfico foi capaz de diagnosticar acertadamente 76% (19/25) dos casos, e sugeriu a ruptura do LCCr nos 24% (6/25) restantes, apresentando 100% de resultados positivos. Concluiu-se que a radiografia e a ultrassonografia são ferramentas valiosas para diagnosticar casos de ruptura do LCCr em cães.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Abdalla S.L., Silva M.F.A., Pereira A.R.C., Azevedo F.D., Fernandes J.I., Minono G.P. & Botelho R.P. 2009. [Computer quantification for the evaluation of dental plaque and dental calculus index in the digital image of vestibular surface of the teeth of dogs.] Quantificação computadorizada dos índices de placa e cálculo dentais da imagem digital da superfície vestibular dos dentes de cães. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(8):666-672. Departamento de Medicina e Cirurgia Veterinária, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: abdallasamira@hotmail.com Periodontal disease is caused by dental plaque accumulation on teeth and adjacent structures. Indices have been formulated for its measurement considering the amount and intensity of dental plaque (DP) and dental calculus (C) on the surface of teeth through subjective visual evaluation. This study aims at assessing the computerized analysis method for measurement of DP and C areas on the teeth of dogs by comparing it with the visual evaluation in the oral cavity. Ten beagle dogs with similar characteristics and kept under the same management and diet were used. Evaluations of oral cavity occurred before surgical prophylaxis (performed under general inhalation anesthesia) and after seven days for DP and 28 days for C. The computerized C area evaluation showed to be statistically better than the visual evaluation before and after prophylaxis. It was concluded that the computerized evaluation is beneficial when compared to visual evaluation, providing greater precision in the area measurement.

• Dental plaque dental calculus

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Abdalla S.L., Silva M.F.A., Pereira A.R.C., Azevedo F.D., Fernandes J.I., Minono G.P. & Botelho R.P. 2009. [Computer quantification for the evaluation of dental plaque and dental calculus index in the digital image of vestibular surface of the teeth of dogs.] Quantificação computadorizada dos índices de placa e cálculo dentais da imagem digital da superfície vestibular dos dentes de cães. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(8):666-672. Departamento de Medicina e Cirurgia Veterinária, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: abdallasamira@hotmail.com A doença periodontal é causada pelo acúmulo de placa bacteriana sobre os dentes e estruturas adjacentes. Para sua mensuração têm sido formulados índices que consideram a quantidade e intensidade de placa bacteriana (PB) e de cálculo dental (CD) existentes na superfície dentária por meio de avaliação visual subjetiva. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o método de análise computadorizada para medição de área de PB e CD nos dentes de cães através da comparação com a avaliação visual. Foram utilizados 10 cães Beagles, três machos e sete fêmeas, com similares características e mantidos sob o mesmo manejo e dieta alimentar. As avaliações das superfícies vestibulares dos dentes ocorreram antes da profilaxia dentária, que foi realizada sob anestesia geral inalatória, e após sete dias para PB e após 28 dias para CD. A avaliação computadorizada da área de CD demonstrou ser estatisticamente melhor em relação à avaliação visual antes e após a profilaxia; entretanto, não demonstrou diferença significante na avaliação da PB. Concluiu-se que a avaliação computadorizada é vantajosa em relação à visual por conferir maior precisão na obtenção da proporção entre área total do dente e área acometida, mostrando-se estatistticamente superior na quantificação do CD após 28 dias.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Beserra P.S., Sales G.A., Santana E.J.M., Miranda S.A., Brito A.B., Nickolak E., Freitas V.V. & Domingues S.F.S. 2009. [B-Mode Ultrasound biometry of the ocular globe related with fronto-occiptal and bizigomatic diameters in Canis familiaris.] Relação entre a biometria ultra-sonográfica em modo B do globo ocular e os diâmetros fronto occiptal e bizigomático em Canis familiaris. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(4):286-290. Laboratório de Biologia e Medicina de Animais da Amazônia, Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Hernane Lameira n° 556, Castanhal, PA 68743-050, Brazil. E-mail: shfarha@ufpa.br In the experiment 31 healthy mongrel dogs, 8 months to 7 years of age, were used, 10 males and 21 females, weighing 1.5-28 kg. Initially, fronto-occipetal (FOD) and bizigomatic (BZD) diameters were measured using a caliper. The ophthalmologic transpalpebral B-mode ultrasonography (US) was performed to measure the internal ocular structures, as follows: The cornea thickness (D1), distance between cornea and anterior lens capsule (D2), distance between cornea and posterior lens capsule (D3), lens thickness (D4), lens diameter (D5), lens area (D6), distance between posterior lens capsule and retina (D7), distance between anterior lens capsule and retina (D8), and the distance between cornea and retina (D9). Except for D4, there were effect of FOD and BZD on the measures of the internal structures of GO. The Lineal Regression Analysis between the measures of the internal oculars structures and DFO and DBZ were significant for D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8 and D9.

• B-mode ultrasonography ocular biometry bizigomatic diameter fronto-occiptal diameter dogs

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Beserra P.S., Sales G.A., Santana E.J.M., Miranda S.A., Brito A.B., Nickolak E., Freitas V.V. & Domingues S.F.S. 2009. [B-Mode Ultrasound biometry of the ocular globe related with fronto-occiptal and bizigomatic diameters in Canis familiaris.] Relação entre a biometria ultra-sonográfica em modo B do globo ocular e os diâmetros fronto occiptal e bizigomático em Canis familiaris. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(4):286-290. Laboratório de Biologia e Medicina de Animais da Amazônia, Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Hernane Lameira n° 556, Castanhal, PA 68743-050, Brazil. E-mail: shfarha@ufpa.br In the experiment 31 healthy mongrel dogs, 8 months to 7 years of age, were used, 10 males and 21 females, weighing 1.5-28 kg. Initially, fronto-occipetal (FOD) and bizigomatic (BZD) diameters were measured using a caliper. The ophthalmologic transpalpebral B-mode ultrasonography (US) was performed to measure the internal ocular structures, as follows: The cornea thickness (D1), distance between cornea and anterior lens capsule (D2), distance between cornea and posterior lens capsule (D3), lens thickness (D4), lens diameter (D5), lens area (D6), distance between posterior lens capsule and retina (D7), distance between anterior lens capsule and retina (D8), and the distance between cornea and retina (D9). Except for D4, there were effect of FOD and BZD on the measures of the internal structures of GO. The Lineal Regression Analysis between the measures of the internal oculars structures and DFO and DBZ were significant for D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8 and D9.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Pereira G.G., Petrus L.C., Santos A.L.F., Yamaki F.L. & Larsson M.H.M.A. 2009. Evaluation of left ventricular diastolic echocardiographic parameters in healthy dogs by pulsed-wave Doppler. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(4):291-294. Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. E-mail: ggpereira2002@yahoo.com.br Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction plays an important role on heart failure progression. In order to obtain additional reference values of left ventricular diastolic parameters and investigate influence of common variables, peak E wave (peak E), peak A wave (peak A), E/A ratio (E/A), E wave deceleration time (EDT) and isovolumic relaxation time (IRVT) were studied in 40 clinically healthy dogs, by pulsed wave Doppler. The following values were obtained: peak E = 0.747 ± 0.117 m/s, peak A = 0.487 ± 0.062 m/s, E/A = 1.533 ± 0.198, EDT = 88.7 ± 9.2 ms and IRVT = 0.080 ± 0.009 s. Some parameters were influenced by heart rate (peak E, peak A and IRVT), by age (peak A and E/A) and by body weight (TRIV). Gender influence was absent. Values obtained can be used as reference for canine specimens but its interpretation should consider on the influence of related variables.

• Diastole pulsed-wave Doppler Dogs Left ventricle

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Pereira G.G., Petrus L.C., Santos A.L.F., Yamaki F.L. & Larsson M.H.M.A. 2009. Evaluation of left ventricular diastolic echocardiographic parameters in healthy dogs by pulsed-wave Doppler. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(4):291-294. Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. E-mail: ggpereira2002@yahoo.com.br Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction plays an important role on heart failure progression. In order to obtain additional reference values of left ventricular diastolic parameters and investigate influence of common variables, peak E wave (peak E), peak A wave (peak A), E/A ratio (E/A), E wave deceleration time (EDT) and isovolumic relaxation time (IRVT) were studied in 40 clinically healthy dogs, by pulsed wave Doppler. The following values were obtained: peak E = 0.747 ± 0.117 m/s, peak A = 0.487 ± 0.062 m/s, E/A = 1.533 ± 0.198, EDT = 88.7 ± 9.2 ms and IRVT = 0.080 ± 0.009 s. Some parameters were influenced by heart rate (peak E, peak A and IRVT), by age (peak A and E/A) and by body weight (TRIV). Gender influence was absent. Values obtained can be used as reference for canine specimens but its interpretation should consider on the influence of related variables.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Carvalho D., Oliveira T.M.F.S., Baldani C.D. & Machado R.Z. 2009. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of IgM antibodies against Leishmania chagasi in dogs. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(2):120-124. Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14870-000, Brazil. E-mail: zacarias@fcav.unesp.br Visceral leishmaniasis is an emergent zoonosis with an increasing number of new cases in Brazil where the domestic dog is an important parasite reservoir in the infectious cycle of Leishmania chagasi. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), based upon the use of a total soluble antigenic preparation of L. chagasi, was adapted for the detection of IgM antibodies in the serum of infected dogs. Optimal dilutions of the antigen, using positive and negative reference sera, were determined by checkboard titrations. The specificity and sensitivity of the ELISA were 100 %. A total of 110 serum samples were taken from dogs in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and examined for anti-L. chagasi IgM antibody by ELISA and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). About 25% (n=27) of all the dogs tested were found serologically positive for L. chagasi by IFAT, while 89.09% (n=98) were seropositive by ELISA. The results obtained by ELISA and IFAT were significantly different (P<0.01). The combined use of ELISA and IFAT is recommended in order to enable veterinary services to more efficiently detect canine visceral leishmaniasis.

• Leishmania chagasi diagnosis dogs IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Carvalho D., Oliveira T.M.F.S., Baldani C.D. & Machado R.Z. 2009. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of IgM antibodies against Leishmania chagasi in dogs. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(2):120-124. Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14870-000, Brazil. E-mail: zacarias@fcav.unesp.br Visceral leishmaniasis is an emergent zoonosis with an increasing number of new cases in Brazil where the domestic dog is an important parasite reservoir in the infectious cycle of Leishmania chagasi. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), based upon the use of a total soluble antigenic preparation of L. chagasi, was adapted for the detection of IgM antibodies in the serum of infected dogs. Optimal dilutions of the antigen, using positive and negative reference sera, were determined by checkboard titrations. The specificity and sensitivity of the ELISA were 100 %. A total of 110 serum samples were taken from dogs in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and examined for anti-L. chagasi IgM antibody by ELISA and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). About 25% (n=27) of all the dogs tested were found serologically positive for L. chagasi by IFAT, while 89.09% (n=98) were seropositive by ELISA. The results obtained by ELISA and IFAT were significantly different (P<0.01). The combined use of ELISA and IFAT is recommended in order to enable veterinary services to more efficiently detect canine visceral leishmaniasis.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Garcia D.C., Stopiglia A.J., Mingrone L.E. & Fantoni D.T. 2009. [Clinical evaluation of dogs submitted to circulatory arrest for different periods of time by “Inflow Occlusion”.] Avaliação clínica de cães submetidos à parada circulatória total por diferentes períodos de tempo através da técnica de “Inflow Occlusion”. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(2):125-130. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. E-mail: danielcgarcia@hotmail.com “Inflow Occlusion” technique can be used in heart surgeries when heart is required to be opened just for few minutes, to allow quick repairs. However, circulatory arrest, event occasioned by this technique, may produce serious metabolic and neurological consequences to the patient. In this study, 12 mongrel dogs were used, divided into two groups, A and B, which were submitted to 7 and 8 minutes of total circulatory arrest, respectively, using “Inflow Occlusion” technique. Normothermia was tried during surgical procedures. Clinical and behavior evaluation were performed after surgery to both groups, and biochemical data were collected to compare pre and post-operatory moments. There were two transoperatory deaths in Group B. Transitory clinical problems were observed in group A until moment M7 (48 hours after surgery), and in Group B these problems were more intense and seen even after M7; and permanent blindness in one animal of Group B was present during all follow up period. Despite all alterations found during the study, it might be safe to use “Inflow Occlusion” technique for periods up to 7 minutes, however, it is contra-indicated for longer periods.

• “Inflow Occlusion” circulatory arrest clinical evaluation dogs

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Garcia D.C., Stopiglia A.J., Mingrone L.E. & Fantoni D.T. 2009. [Clinical evaluation of dogs submitted to circulatory arrest for different periods of time by “Inflow Occlusion”.] Avaliação clínica de cães submetidos à parada circulatória total por diferentes períodos de tempo através da técnica de “Inflow Occlusion”. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(2):125-130. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. E-mail: danielcgarcia@hotmail.com “Inflow Occlusion” technique can be used in heart surgeries when heart is required to be opened just for few minutes, to allow quick repairs. However, circulatory arrest, event occasioned by this technique, may produce serious metabolic and neurological consequences to the patient. In this study, 12 mongrel dogs were used, divided into two groups, A and B, which were submitted to 7 and 8 minutes of total circulatory arrest, respectively, using “Inflow Occlusion” technique. Normothermia was tried during surgical procedures. Clinical and behavior evaluation were performed after surgery to both groups, and biochemical data were collected to compare pre and post-operatory moments. There were two transoperatory deaths in Group B. Transitory clinical problems were observed in group A until moment M7 (48 hours after surgery), and in Group B these problems were more intense and seen even after M7; and permanent blindness in one animal of Group B was present during all follow up period. Despite all alterations found during the study, it might be safe to use “Inflow Occlusion” technique for periods up to 7 minutes, however, it is contra-indicated for longer periods.

Abstract in English:

Abstract.- Oliveira E.C., Pescador C.A., Sonne L., Pavarini S.P., Santos A.S., Corbellini L.G. & Driemeier D. 2009. [Immunohistochemical analysis of dogs infected naturally by canine parvovirus.] Análise imuno-histoquímica de cães naturalmente infectados pelo parvovírus canino. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(2):131-136. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br Ninety-six dogs with gross lesions suggestive of canine parvovirus infection were selected and necropsied in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, between March 2005 and November 2006. The main gross lesions were enlargement of the Peyer’s patches in the small intestine and hyperemia in the intestinal mucosa and serosa. Microscopically, the small intestine showed necrotizing enteritis in 77% (74/96) of the dogs examined. However, in 17.7% of the histological evaluation in the small intestine were damaged due to autolytic changes making it difficult to obtain an appropriate interpretation. The immunohistochemistry test was performed in tissues of small intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, tonsils, tongue, and bone marrow in all the 96 selected cases. Parvovirus antigen was detected in 91.6% (88/96) of the dogs necropsied. The best result of the IHC test was seen in samples of small intestine which was positive in 77% (74/96) of the cases. The statistical analysis (Fisher test) showed a weak association between intestinal autolysis and positive result of the IHC test. The chance of the autolysed intestine showing a positive result in the immunohistochemistry test was 0.33 less (OR=0.33, 95% CI:0.10-1.17) when compared with small intestine not autolysed.

• Canine parvovirus dogs immunohistochemistry small intestine lymphoid tissue

Abstract in Portuguese:

Abstract.- Oliveira E.C., Pescador C.A., Sonne L., Pavarini S.P., Santos A.S., Corbellini L.G. & Driemeier D. 2009. [Immunohistochemical analysis of dogs infected naturally by canine parvovirus.] Análise imuno-histoquímica de cães naturalmente infectados pelo parvovírus canino. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(2):131-136. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br Ninety-six dogs with gross lesions suggestive of canine parvovirus infection were selected and necropsied in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, between March 2005 and November 2006. The main gross lesions were enlargement of the Peyer’s patches in the small intestine and hyperemia in the intestinal mucosa and serosa. Microscopically, the small intestine showed necrotizing enteritis in 77% (74/96) of the dogs examined. However, in 17.7% of the histological evaluation in the small intestine were damaged due to autolytic changes making it difficult to obtain an appropriate interpretation. The immunohistochemistry test was performed in tissues of small intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, tonsils, tongue, and bone marrow in all the 96 selected cases. Parvovirus antigen was detected in 91.6% (88/96) of the dogs necropsied. The best result of the IHC test was seen in samples of small intestine which was positive in 77% (74/96) of the cases. The statistical analysis (Fisher test) showed a weak association between intestinal autolysis and positive result of the IHC test. The chance of the autolysed intestine showing a positive result in the immunohistochemistry test was 0.33 less (OR=0.33, 95% CI:0.10-1.17) when compared with small intestine not autolysed.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Andrade J.N.B.M., Stopiglia A.J., Fantoni D.T., Abduch M.A. & Kahvegian M. 2009. Outflow occlusion for circulatory arrest in dogs. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(2):137-142. Hospital Veterinário, Universidade de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil. E-mail: jamescardio@terra.com.br The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of producing circulatory arrest by occlusion of the pulmonary trunk as an alternative to the venous inflow occlusion through the left hemithorax. Eight healthy mongrel dogs were divided in two groups. Group I underwent 4 minutes of outflow occlusion and Group II was submitted to 8 minutes of circulatory arrest. Outflow occlusion was performed through left thoracotomy and pericardiotomy by passing a Rumel tourniquet around the pulmonary trunk. Physical examination, electrocardiography, echocardiography, blood gas analyses, hemodynamic, and oxygen transport variables were obtained before and after the procedure. The dogs from Group I did not have any clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, or hemo-dynamic abnormalities after anesthetic recover. In the Group II, only one dog survived, which had no clinical, electrocardiographic, or echocardiographic abnormalities. In this last dog, just after releasing the occlusion, it was detected increases in the following parameters: heart rate (HR), systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure (SAP; DAP; MAP), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), pulmonary wedge pressure (PWP), central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac output (CO), systolic index (SI), cardiac index (CI), left and right ventricular stroke work (LVSW; RVSW), oxygen delivery index (DO2), oxygen consumption index (VO2), and oxygen extraction (O2 ext). Moreover, the oxygen content of arterial and mixed venous blood (CaO2; CvO2), and the arterial and mixed venous partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2; PvO2) were decreased 5 minutes after circulatory arrest. Outflow occlusion is a feasible surgical procedure for period of 4 minutes of circulatory arrest.

• Outflow occlusion circulatory arrest dogs

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Andrade J.N.B.M., Stopiglia A.J., Fantoni D.T., Abduch M.A. & Kahvegian M. 2009. Outflow occlusion for circulatory arrest in dogs. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(2):137-142. Hospital Veterinário, Universidade de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil. E-mail: jamescardio@terra.com.br The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of producing circulatory arrest by occlusion of the pulmonary trunk as an alternative to the venous inflow occlusion through the left hemithorax. Eight healthy mongrel dogs were divided in two groups. Group I underwent 4 minutes of outflow occlusion and Group II was submitted to 8 minutes of circulatory arrest. Outflow occlusion was performed through left thoracotomy and pericardiotomy by passing a Rumel tourniquet around the pulmonary trunk. Physical examination, electrocardiography, echocardiography, blood gas analyses, hemodynamic, and oxygen transport variables were obtained before and after the procedure. The dogs from Group I did not have any clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, or hemo-dynamic abnormalities after anesthetic recover. In the Group II, only one dog survived, which had no clinical, electrocardiographic, or echocardiographic abnormalities. In this last dog, just after releasing the occlusion, it was detected increases in the following parameters: heart rate (HR), systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure (SAP; DAP; MAP), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), pulmonary wedge pressure (PWP), central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac output (CO), systolic index (SI), cardiac index (CI), left and right ventricular stroke work (LVSW; RVSW), oxygen delivery index (DO2), oxygen consumption index (VO2), and oxygen extraction (O2 ext). Moreover, the oxygen content of arterial and mixed venous blood (CaO2; CvO2), and the arterial and mixed venous partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2; PvO2) were decreased 5 minutes after circulatory arrest. Outflow occlusion is a feasible surgical procedure for period of 4 minutes of circulatory arrest.