PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

RESUMO.- Achkar S.M., Fernandes E.R., Carrieri M.L., Castro A.B.M., Batista A.M., Duarte M.I.S. & Kotait I. 2010. [Sensitivity of the Immunohistochemistry technique in central nervous system fragments of cattle and horses naturally infected by rabies virus.] Sensibilidade da técnica de imuno-histoquímica em fragmentos de sistema nervoso central de bovinos e equinos naturalmente infectados pelo vírus da raiva. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(3):211-218. Instituto Pasteur, Av. Paulista 393, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP 01311-000, Brazil. E-mail: samira_achkar@yahoo.com.br A raiva é uma zoonose viral que acomete o sistema nervoso central (SNC) de mamíferos, considerada um grave problema de saúde pública. Herbívoros (bovinos e equinos) são frequentemente acometidos pela infecção após serem atacados por morcegos hematófagos (Desmodus rotundus). A técnica de imunofluorescência direta (IFD) realizada em tecidos frescos, recomendada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), é utilizada para o diagnóstico da raiva. A técnica de imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) é utilizada para detectar antígenos em tecidos fixados, pelo uso de anticorpos monoclonais/policlonais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a sensibilidade da IHQ na detecção de antígenos do vírus da raiva em amostras de SNC de herbívoros fixadas em formol, analisando a distribuição antigênica em diferentes fragmentos do SNC. Os resultados demonstraram concordância das técnicas de IFD e IHQ. A IHQ mostrou maior sensibilidade em amostras de bovinos em relação às de equinos, especialmente quando realizada em fragmentos de cerebelo e tronco encefálico. A detecção de antígeno nestes fragmentos foi mais consistente para ambas as técnicas, nas duas espécies. Estes resultados demonstram que a IHQ pode ser empregada para a vigilância epidemiológica da raiva, entretanto, recomenda-se cautela ao se empregar a IHQ para diagnóstico de doença em herbívoros, especialmente quando o fragmento encaminhado ao laboratório for apenas o hipocampo.

• Rabies

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Achkar S.M., Fernandes E.R., Carrieri M.L., Castro A.B.M., Batista A.M., Duarte M.I.S. & Kotait I. 2010. [Sensitivity of the Immunohistochemistry technique in central nervous system fragments of cattle and horses naturally infected by rabies virus.] Sensibilidade da técnica de imuno-histoquímica em fragmentos de sistema nervoso central de bovinos e equinos naturalmente infectados pelo vírus da raiva. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(3):211-218. Instituto Pasteur, Av. Paulista 393, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP 01311-000, Brazil. E-mail: samira_achkar@yahoo.com.br Rabies is a viral zoonosis that causes disease in the central nervous system (CNS) of mammals and it is considered a serious problem of public health. Herbivorous (bovines and equines) are often infected after being attacked by vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus). The direct fluorescent antibody technique is used as a diagnostic test to detect viral antigens in fresh tissues and is recommended by the World Health Organization. The immunohistochemistry technique (IHC) is used to detect the viral antigen through the use of monoclonal/policlonal antibodies in formalin-fixed tissues. The aim of this work was to evaluate the sensitivity of the IHC in samples of CNS of herbivorous fixed in formol, analyzing the antigenic distribution in different fragments of the CNS. The results demonstrated good agreement between the two techniques for the rabies diagnosis. The IHC presented higher sensitivity in samples of cattle comparing to horse samples, especially in fragments of cerebellum and brain stem. These fragments demonstrated to be more suitable for antigen detection by both techniques in the two species. These data demonstrate that the IHC is suitable for rabies vigilance yet cautions should be taken in examining cattle and horses samples, when the submitted specimen is only the hippocampus.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Ribeiro M.G., Fernandes M.C., Paes A.C., Siqueira A.K., Pinto J.P.A.N. & Borges A.S. 2010. [Serotype characterization of Salmonella strains isolated from different affections in domestic animals.] Caracterização de sorotipos em linhagens do gênero Salmonella isoladas de diferentes afecções em animais domésticos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(2):155-160. Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Distrito de Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil. E-mail: mgribeiro@fmvz.unesp.br The serotype characterization, antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and clinical-epidemiological findings were evaluated in 53 Salmonella spp. strains isolated from 41 dogs, nine horses and three cattle presenting different clinical manifestations between 1997 at 2007. Salmonella Typhimurium (45.3%), Salmonella enterica (22.6%), Salmonella Enteritidis (7.5%), Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica 4,5,12i (5.7%), Salmonella Newport (5.7%), Salmonella Dublin (3.8%), Salmonella Agona (3.8%), Salmonella Glostrup (3.8%), Salmonella Saintpaul (1.8%) were the more common serotypes. Ciprofloxacin (100.0%), norfloxacin (100.0%) and gentamicin (100.0%) were more effective drugs while resistance of isolates was observed to ceftiofur (28.5%) and florfenicol (7.0%). The strains were isolated from animals with enteritis, urinary tract infections, septicaemia, pyometra, pneumonia and conjuntivits. The results showed the high frequency of Salmonella Typhimurium serotype in different animals studied. The study highlighted also the presence of serotypes in our animals that also have been identified in humans with salmonellosis.

• Salmonella sorotipos sensibilidade microbiana

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Ribeiro M.G., Fernandes M.C., Paes A.C., Siqueira A.K., Pinto J.P.A.N. & Borges A.S. 2010. [Serotype characterization of Salmonella strains isolated from different affections in domestic animals.] Caracterização de sorotipos em linhagens do gênero Salmonella isoladas de diferentes afecções em animais domésticos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(2):155-160. Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Distrito de Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil. E-mail: mgribeiro@fmvz.unesp.br Foram caracterizados os sorotipos, o perfil de sensibilidade microbiana e os achados clínico-epidemiológicos em 53 linhagens do gênero Salmonella isoladas de 41 cães, nove equinos e três bovinos, acometidos por diferentes manifestações clínicas entre 1997 e 2007. Salmonella Typhimurium (45,3%), Salmonella enterica (22,6%), Salmonella Enteritidis (7,5%), Salmonella enterica subsp enterica 4,5,12i (5,7%), Salmonella Newport (5,7%), Salmonella Dublin (3,8%), Salmonella Agona (3,8%), Salmonella Glostrup (3,8%), Salmonella Saintpaul (1,8%) foram os sorotipos encontrados. Ciprofloxacina (100,0%), norfloxacina (100,0%) e gentamicina (100,0%) foram os antimicrobianos mais efetivos, enquanto a maior resistência das linhagens foi observada para ceftiofur (28,5%) e florfenicol (7,0%). As linhagens foram isoladas de animais com enterite, infecção do trato urinário, septicemia, piometra, pneumonia e conjuntivite. Ressalta-se para o predomínio do sorovar Typhimurium nas diferentes manifestações da salmonelose nos animais. Destaca-se, também, a identificação de sorotipos nos animais que também são observados em casos de salmonelose em humanos.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Pereira-Neto G.B., Brunetto M.A., Sousa M.G., Carciofi A.C. & Camacho A.A. 2010. Effects of weight loss on the cardiac parameters of obese dogs. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(2):167-171. Setor de Clínica Médica Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil. E-mail: glaucia.vet@gmail.com Obesity is one of the most frequent nutritional problems in companion animals and can lead to severe health problems in dogs and cats, such as cardiovascular diseases. This research aimed to evaluate the structural and functional cardiac changes after weight loss in obese dogs. Eighteen obese healthy dogs were assigned into three different groups, according with their initial body weight: Group I (dogs up to 15 kg), Group II (dogs weighing between 15.1 and 30 kg), and Group III (dogs weighing over 30 kg). The animals were submitted to a caloric restriction weight-loss program until they lose 15% of the body weight. The M-mode echocardiogram, electrocardiogram, and blood pressure evaluations were performed before the diet has started and after the dogs have reached the target weight. Data showed a decrease in left ventricular free wall thickness during diastole and systole in Group III, decrease in the systolic blood pressure in Group III, and also in the mean blood pressure in Group II. It was possible to conclude that the weight loss program can reverse structural cardiac changes such as left ventricle eccentric hypertrophy in dogs weighing more than 30 kg, and decrease the arterial blood pressure in obese dogs.

• Ecocardiografia eletrocardiografia obesidade

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Pereira-Neto G.B., Brunetto M.A., Sousa M.G., Carciofi A.C. & Camacho A.A. 2010. Effects of weight loss on the cardiac parameters of obese dogs. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(2):167-171. Setor de Clínica Médica Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil. E-mail: glaucia.vet@gmail.com A obesidade é uma das doenças nutricionais mais frequentemente observada em cães e pode provocar sérios problemas de saúde, como os distúrbios cardiovasculares. Realizou-se este estudo visando avaliar algumas das possíveis alterações estruturais e funcionais cardíacas decorrentes da correção da obesidade canina. Para isso foram utilizados 18 cães obesos divididos pelo peso corporal em Grupo I (até 15kg), Grupo II (entre 15,1 e 30 kg) e Grupo III (acima de 30 kg). Os animais foram submetidos à restrição calórica de forma a perderem 15% do peso vivo. Foram realizados os exames ecocardiográfico em modo-M, eletrocardiográfico e mensuração da pressão arterial dos animais antes do início do tratamento da obesidade e após atingirem o peso meta. Os resultados revelaram que após a redução de peso ocorreram diminuições significativas da espessura da parede livre do ventrículo esquerdo durante a sístole e diástole no Grupo III, diminuição da pressão arterial sistólica no Grupo III e também da pressão arterial média no Grupo II. Assim, concluiu-se que a perda de peso pode reverter as alterações estruturais cardíacas, como a hipertrofia excêntrica do ventrículo esquerdo em cães obesos acima de 30 kg, como também reduzir a pressão arterial sistêmica em cães obesos submetidos à restrição calórica mediante administração de dieta hipocalórica.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Beckmann D.V., Mazzanti A., Santini G., Santos R.P., Festugatto R., Pelizzari C., Polidoro Neto D. & Baumhardt R. 2010. [Atlantoaxial subluxation in 14 dogs (2003-2008).] Subluxação atlantoaxial em 14 cães (2003-2008). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(2):172-176. Departamento de Clínica de Pequenos Animais, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil. E-mail: alexamazza@yahoo.com.br A retrospective study on atlantoaxial subluxation in dogs was done by reviewing the cases filed from 2003 to 2008 in the neurological records of the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, at Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The following data were identified: Breed, sex, age, etiology, clinical signs, duration of clinical course, assessment of the therapy employed and its efficacy, response to treatment and relapse. Fourteen dogs were diagnosed as affected by atlantoaxial subluxation and the condition was more frequent in dogs under twenty-four month old years and of toy breeds, such as Poodle (35.7%), Pinscher (21.4%) and Yorkshire terrier (21.4%). The main cause found for the instability was agenesis of the odontoid process. Clinical signs ranged from cranial cervical pain to non-ambulatory tetraparesis. The predominant treatment employed was surgical which demonstrated to be efficacious in 90% of the cases with minor risks of relapse when compared with clinical treatment. The predominant time of recovery was 30-60 days after surgery. No correlation was found between the duration of clinical signs before surgery and the time of recovery.

• Instabilidade atlantoaxial

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Beckmann D.V., Mazzanti A., Santini G., Santos R.P., Festugatto R., Pelizzari C., Polidoro Neto D. & Baumhardt R. 2010. [Atlantoaxial subluxation in 14 dogs (2003-2008).] Subluxação atlantoaxial em 14 cães (2003-2008). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(2):172-176. Departamento de Clínica de Pequenos Animais, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil. E-mail: alexamazza@yahoo.com.br O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo retrospectivo dos casos de subluxação atlantoaxial em cães, por meio de consulta dos registros neurológicos do Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU), entre os anos de 2003 e 2008. Foram identificados a raça, o sexo, a idade, a etiologia, os sinais neurológicos, a duração dos sinais clínicos, o tratamento empregado, a resposta ao tratamento, o tempo de recuperação, a recidiva e a relação entre a duração dos sinais clínicos e a recuperação pós-operatória. Foram feitos o diagnóstico de subluxação atlantoaxial em 14 cães, sendo as raças Poodle (35,7%), Pinscher (21,4%) e Yorkshire Terrier (21,4%) as mais acometidas e a maioria (92,8%) com idade inferior a 24 meses. A principal causa da instabilidade foi a agenesia do processo odontoide do áxis (71,4%) e os sinais clínicos variaram desde hiperestesia cervical até tetraparesia não ambulatória. O tratamento predominante foi o cirúrgico, que demonstrou ser eficaz com recuperação satisfatória em 90% dos casos e menor possibilidade de recidiva, quando comparado ao trata,mento clínico. O tempo de recuperação predominante foi de 30-60 dias após a cirurgia, não existindo relação deste com a duração dos sinais clínicos.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Brum M.C.S., Caron L., Chowdhury S.I., Weiblen R. & Flores E.F. 2010. Immunogenicity of an inactivated bovine herpesvirus type 5 strain defective in thymidine kinase and glycoprotein E. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(1):57-62. Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil. E-mail: eduardofurtadoflores@gmail.com The immunogenicity of an inactivated, experimental vaccine based on a bovine herpesvirus type 5 strain defective in thymidine kinase and glycoprotein E (BoHV-5 gE/TKD) was evaluated in cattle and the results were compared with a vaccine containing the parental BoHV-5 strain (SV507/99). To formulate the vaccines, each virus (wildtype SV507/99 and BoHV-5 gE/TKD) was multiplied in cell culture and inactivated with binary ethyleneimine (BEI). Each vaccine dose contained approximately of 107.5 TCID50 of inactivated virus mixed with an oil-based adjuvant (46:54). Forty calves, 6 to 9-months-old, were allocated into two groups of 20 animals each and vaccinated twice (days 0 and 22pv) by the subcutaneous route with either vaccine. Serum samples collected at day 0 and at different intervals after vaccination were tested for virus neutralizing (VN) antibodies against the parental virus and against heterologous BoHV-5 and BoHV-1 isolates. The VN assays demonstrated seroconversion to the respective homologous viruses in all vaccinated animals after the second vaccine dose (mean titers of 17.5 for the wildtype vaccine; 24.1 for the recombinant virus). All animals remained reagents up to day 116 pv, yet showing a gradual reduction in VN titers. Animals from both vaccine groups reacted in similar VN titers to different BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 isolates, yet the magnitude of serological response of both groups was higher against BoHV-5 field isolates. Calves vaccinated with the recombinant virus did not develop antibodies to gE as verified by negative results in a gE-specific ELISA, what would allow serological differentiation from naturally infected animals. Taken together, these results indicate that inactivated antigens of BoHV-5 gE/TK recombinant virus induced an adequate serological response against BoHV-5 and BoHV-1 and thus can be used as an alternative, differential vaccine candidate.

• Herpesvirus type 5 thymidine kinase glycoprotein E

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Brum M.C.S., Caron L., Chowdhury S.I., Weiblen R. & Flores E.F. 2010. Immunogenicity of an inactivated bovine herpesvirus type 5 strain defective in thymidine kinase and glycoprotein E. [Imunogenicidade de uma cepa inativada do herpesvírus bovino tipo 5 defectiva na timidina quinase e glicoproteína E.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(1):57-62. Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil. E-mail: eduardofurtadoflores@gmail.com A imunogenicidade de vacina experimental inativada, produzida com uma cepa do herpesvírus bovino tipo 5 defectiva nos genes da timidina quinase e glicoproteína E (BoHV-5 gE/TKD) foi avaliada em bovinos e o resultado foi comparado com a resposta induzida pela cepa parental do BoHV-5 (SV507/99). Para a formulação da vacina, cultivos de células infectados com cada um dos vírus (SV507/99 ou BoHV-5 gE/TKD) foram inativados com etilenamina binária. Cada dose de vacina continha aproximadamente 107,5 TCID50 de um dos vírus inativados emulsionado em adjuvante oleoso (46:54). Quarenta bezerros de raças cruzadas, com idade entre seis a nove meses, foram alocados em dois grupos de 20 animais cada e vacinados duas vezes (dia 0 e 22 pv) pela via subcutânea com uma das vacinas. Amostras de soro foram coletadas no dia 0 e a vários intervalos após vacinação para a pesquisa de anticorpos neutralizantes frente ao vírus homólogo ou frente a isolados de BoHV-5 e BoHV-1. Os testes de soroneutralização (SN) demonstraram que todos os animais soroconverteram após a segunda dose da vacina (títulos médios de 17,5 para o grupo SV507/99; 24,1 para o grupo BoHV-5 gE/TKD). Todos os animais mantiveram níveis de anticorpos neutralizantes até o dia 116 pv, no entanto foi observada uma redução gradual no títulos. A sorologia cruzada com amostras heterólogas do BoHV-5 e BoHV-1 indicou que ambos os grupos vacinais reagiram em níveis similares frente ao mesmo vírus, no entanto a magnitude da resposta sorológica foi maior frente a amostras de BoHV-5. Os animais vacinados com a cepa recombinante não desenvolveram anticorpos contra a gE detectáveis por um ELISA específico, o que permitiria a sua diferenciação sorológica de animais infectados naturalmente. Esses resultados demonstram que a vacina contendo antígenos inativados do vírus recombinante BoHV-5 gE/TKD induziu resposta sorológica em níveis satisfatórios, constituindo-se, assim, em alternativa a cepa vacinal diferencial.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Gregori F., Rosales C.A.R., Brandão P.E., Soares R.M. & Jerez J.A. 2009. [Diversity of porcine rotavirus genotypes in São Paulo State, Brazil.] Diversidade genotípica de rotavírus suínos no Estado de São Paulo. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(9):707-712. Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Sanidade Animal, Instituto Biológico, Av. Cons. Rodrigues Alves 1252, São Paulo, SP 04014-002, Brazil. E-mail: fabiogregori@biologico.sp.gov.br Rotavirus is one the most common causes of diarrhea both in humans and different animal species. It was carried out a transversal study with 144 diarrheic fecal samples of piglets, from 16 commercial swine-producing units distributed among 10 municipalities of São Paulo State, Brazil, aiming at the detection of rotavirus occurrence and its molecular characterization according to G and P genotypes. A total of 43 samples (29.86%) were positive for rotavirus by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) and ELISA, in a parallel screening scheme. The nested-multiplex RT-PCR characterization revealed that, separately, the P[6] genotype was the most frequent, detected in 25.58% of the samples, followed by P[1] (11.63%) and P[7] (9.3%). Concomitant infection of the genotypes P[6]+P[7] (9.3%), P[1]+P[6] (4.65%), P[1]+P[6]+P[7] (2.33%) were also found. Similarly, the G[5] genotype was detected on 30.23% of the samples, followed by G[10] (20.93%), G[6] (4.65%) and G[5]+G[10] (18.6%). The genotype G[5]P[6] was the most frequent (11.63%), but other combinations and untypeable samples were also observed. Considering the diversity porcine rotavirus found in the surveyed population, specific prophylactic measures should take in charge, for its effectiveness, the cross-protection degree between the genotypes present on vaccine formulations and those that really circulates on a region.

• Rotavirus

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Gregori F., Rosales C.A.R., Brandão P.E., Soares R.M. & Jerez J.A. 2009. [Diversity of porcine rotavirus genotypes in São Paulo State, Brazil.] Diversidade genotípica de rotavírus suínos no Estado de São Paulo. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(9):707-712. Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Sanidade Animal, Instituto Biológico, Av. Cons. Rodrigues Alves 1252, São Paulo, SP 04014-002, Brazil. E-mail: fabiogregori@biologico.sp.gov.br Rotavírus é uma das causas mais comuns de diarréia tanto em humanos quanto em diferentes espécies animais. Foi conduzido um estudo transversal a partir de 144 amostras fecais diarréicas colhidas de leitões, provenientes de 16 criações comerciais distribuídas por 10 municípios do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, com o objetivo de se detectar a ocorrência de rotavírus e realizar sua caracterização molecular quanto seus genotipos G e P. Um total de 43 amostras (29,86%) foram positivas para rotavírus por Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida (PAGE) e ELISA, num esquema de triagem em paralelo. A caracterização mediante reações do tipo nested-multiplex RT-PCR demonstrou que, isoladamente, o genotipo P[6] foi o mais frequente, detectado em 25,58% das amostras, seguido pelo P[1] (11,63%) e P[7] (9,3%). Infecções concomitantes de genotipos P[6]+P[7] (9,3%), P[1]+P[6] (4,65%), P[1]+P[6]+P[7] (2,33%) foram também observadas. Analogamente, o genotipo G[5] foi detectado em 30,23% das amostras, seguido pelo G[10] (20,93%) e G[6] (4,65%) e G[5]+G[10] (18,6%). O genotipo G[5]P[6] foi o mais frequente (11,63%), porém outras combinações e amostras não tipificáveis também foram observadas. Considerando-se a diversidade de rotavírus suínos encontrada na população estudada, medidas profiláticas específicas devem levar em conta, para sua efetividade, o grau de proteção cruzada entre os genotipos presentes nas formulações vacinais e aqueles que realmente são circulantes numa região.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Medeiros E.S., Mota R.A., Santos M.V., Freitas M.F.L. Pinheiro Jr J.W. & Teles J.A. A. 2009. [In vitro antimicrobial sensitivity to Staphylococcus spp. isolates from dairy cows with subclinical mastitis.] Sensibilidade antimicrobiana in vitro de Staphylococcus spp. isoladas do leite de vacas com mastite subclínica. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(7):569-574. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 51171-900, Brazil. E-mail: rinaldo.mota@hotmail.com The objective of the investigation was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial sensibility of 291 isolates of Staphylococcus spp., taken from the mammary glands of dairy cows with subclinical mastitis in the regions of Metropolitan Recife (A), Agreste (B) and Zona da Mata (C) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. From the 291 isolates, 170 (58.4%) were identified as negative coagulase Staphylococcus (SCN), 84 (28.9%) as Staphylococcus aureus, and 37 (12.7%) as positive coagulase Staphylococcus (SCP). To study sensitivity to antimicrobials, the diffusion in disks method was used with 16 antimicrobial drugs commonly employed in the treatment of mastitis. The most efficient antibiotic in vitro was the combination of neomicine + bacitracine + tetracycline with percentages of 98.4%, 99.3%, and 89.7% for the A, B, and C regions, respectively. The least efficient was ampicillin, which was resistant to 56.5% of the isolates taken from region A, 72.8% from region B, and 71.8% from region C. These results indicate the need for periodic testing of sensitivity in vitro, as these variations can compromise the treatment of animals as well as control programs for bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus spp.

• Milk mastitis antimicrobial sensitivity Staphylococcus spp

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Medeiros E.S., Mota R.A., Santos M.V., Freitas M.F.L. Pinheiro Jr J.W. & Teles J.A. A. 2009. [In vitro antimicrobial sensitivity to Staphylococcus spp. isolates from dairy cows with subclinical mastitis.] Sensibilidade antimicrobiana in vitro de Staphylococcus spp. isoladas do leite de vacas com mastite subclínica. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(7):569-574. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 51171-900, Brazil. E-mail: rinaldo.mota@hotmail.com The objective of the investigation was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial sensibility of 291 isolates of Staphylococcus spp., taken from the mammary glands of dairy cows with subclinical mastitis in the regions of Metropolitan Recife (A), Agreste (B) and Zona da Mata (C) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. From the 291 isolates, 170 (58.4%) were identified as negative coagulase Staphylococcus (SCN), 84 (28.9%) as Staphylococcus aureus, and 37 (12.7%) as positive coagulase Staphylococcus (SCP). To study sensitivity to antimicrobials, the diffusion in disks method was used with 16 antimicrobial drugs commonly employed in the treatment of mastitis. The most efficient antibiotic in vitro was the combination of neomicine + bacitracine + tetracycline with percentages of 98.4%, 99.3%, and 89.7% for the A, B, and C regions, respectively. The least efficient was ampicillin, which was resistant to 56.5% of the isolates taken from region A, 72.8% from region B, and 71.8% from region C. These results indicate the need for periodic testing of sensitivity in vitro, as these variations can compromise the treatment of animals as well as control programs for bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus spp.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Alves F.R., Feitosa M.L.T., Gatti A., Fadel L., Unruh S.M., Ambrósio C.E., Sterman F.A., Pinto A.C.B.C.F. & Miglino M.A. 2009. [Radiologic images of the thoracic cavity of Golden Retriever dogs affected by muscular dystrophy.] Imagem radiográfica da cavidade torácica de cães Golden Retriever acometidos pela Distrofia Muscular. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(2):99-104. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: flaviovet@usp.br Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder with clinical signs of muscular weaknesses and progressive atrophy. Golden Retriever dogs show similar genotypic and phenotypic characteristics to Human Muscular Dystrophy and are considered a proper animal model for DMD studies. Latero-lateral and dorso-ventral thoracic radiographies were obtained from 10 Golden Retriever dogs affected by muscular dystrophy, to investigate possible radiographic alterations. Thorax radiographic examination revealed (a) interstitial and alveolar pattern, (b) initial phases of pneumonia and pulmonary edema, (c) cardiomegaly as a principal alteration in the thoracic cavity, (d) megaesophagus displacing the trachea and heart silhouette, and (e) cranial protrusion of the diaphragm lining into the thorax with development of a hiatus hernia displacing the stomach to the caudal mediastinum. Postmortem examination showed pleural effusion, pulmonary emphysema, degenerative and metaplasic processes in the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. Radiographic examination was considered essential for the diagnosis of cardiac and respiratory disease in Golden Retriever dogs affected by muscular dystrophy, and to identify the primary pulmonary process and to provide the establishment of suitable therapeutic treatment, with a reserved prognosis in advanced stage of the disease.

• Muscular dystrophy Duchenne Golden Retriever dog radiology

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Alves F.R., Feitosa M.L.T., Gatti A., Fadel L., Unruh S.M., Ambrósio C.E., Sterman F.A., Pinto A.C.B.C.F. & Miglino M.A. 2009. [Radiologic images of the thoracic cavity of Golden Retriever dogs affected by muscular dystrophy.] Imagem radiográfica da cavidade torácica de cães Golden Retriever acometidos pela Distrofia Muscular. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(2):99-104. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: flaviovet@usp.br Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder with clinical signs of muscular weaknesses and progressive atrophy. Golden Retriever dogs show similar genotypic and phenotypic characteristics to Human Muscular Dystrophy and are considered a proper animal model for DMD studies. Latero-lateral and dorso-ventral thoracic radiographies were obtained from 10 Golden Retriever dogs affected by muscular dystrophy, to investigate possible radiographic alterations. Thorax radiographic examination revealed (a) interstitial and alveolar pattern, (b) initial phases of pneumonia and pulmonary edema, (c) cardiomegaly as a principal alteration in the thoracic cavity, (d) megaesophagus displacing the trachea and heart silhouette, and (e) cranial protrusion of the diaphragm lining into the thorax with development of a hiatus hernia displacing the stomach to the caudal mediastinum. Postmortem examination showed pleural effusion, pulmonary emphysema, degenerative and metaplasic processes in the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. Radiographic examination was considered essential for the diagnosis of cardiac and respiratory disease in Golden Retriever dogs affected by muscular dystrophy, and to identify the primary pulmonary process and to provide the establishment of suitable therapeutic treatment, with a reserved prognosis in advanced stage of the disease.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Pereira I.A., Soares L.C., Coelho S.M.O., Pribul B.R. & Souza M.M.S. 2009. [Susceptibility to azithromycin of bacteria isolated from infectious processes in dogs and cats.] Suscetibilidade à azitromicina de isolados bacterianos de processos infecciosos em cães e gatos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(2):153-156. Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: miliane@ufrrj.br The susceptibility pattern to azithromycin of bacterial pathogens from various infectious sites, and the in vitro activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of azithromycin were studied. Tests such as disc diffusion and broth microdilution detected respectively 48.6% and 55% of resistant Staphylococcus spp., and 55.3% and 72.7% resistant gram-negative rods. MIC50 for S. aureus was 4.0mg/mL, that for S. intermedius was 1.0mg/mL, for coagulase-negative Staphylococcus e”512mg/mL, and for gram-negative rods 256mg/mL. Fifteen percent (9/60) of oxacilin-resistant, multidrug-resistant and mecA-positive Staphylococcus spp. isolates were also azithromycin resistant. The dissemination of multidrug resistant bacteria points out to the need of antimicrobial evaluation activity in order to select the best indicated drug and thus minimizing therapeutic failures in veterinary practice.

• Diseases of dogs and cats bacterial diseases bacterial antibiotic resistance azithromycin

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Pereira I.A., Soares L.C., Coelho S.M.O., Pribul B.R. & Souza M.M.S. 2009. [Susceptibility to azithromycin of bacteria isolated from infectious processes in dogs and cats.] Suscetibilidade à azitromicina de isolados bacterianos de processos infecciosos em cães e gatos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(2):153-156. Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: miliane@ufrrj.br The susceptibility pattern to azithromycin of bacterial pathogens from various infectious sites, and the in vitro activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of azithromycin were studied. Tests such as disc diffusion and broth microdilution detected respectively 48.6% and 55% of resistant Staphylococcus spp., and 55.3% and 72.7% resistant gram-negative rods. MIC50 for S. aureus was 4.0mg/mL, that for S. intermedius was 1.0mg/mL, for coagulase-negative Staphylococcus e”512mg/mL, and for gram-negative rods 256mg/mL. Fifteen percent (9/60) of oxacilin-resistant, multidrug-resistant and mecA-positive Staphylococcus spp. isolates were also azithromycin resistant. The dissemination of multidrug resistant bacteria points out to the need of antimicrobial evaluation activity in order to select the best indicated drug and thus minimizing therapeutic failures in veterinary practice.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Ribeiro M.G., Geraldo J.S., Langoni H., Lara G.H.B., Siqueira A.K., Salerno T. & Fernandes M.C. 2008. [Pathogenic microorganisms, somatic cell count and drug residues evaluation in organic bovine milk.] Microrganismos patogênicos, celularidade e resíduos de antimicrobianos no leite produzido no sistema orgânico. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(1):52-58. Disciplina de Enfermidades Infecciosas dos Animais, Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil. E-mail: mgribeiro@fmvz.unesp.br In last years increase the importance of milk quality and conditions of bovine milking. Simultaneously, increase the interest about organic milk and derivates. The aim of present study was investigate the milk pathogens, sensitivity and multiple drug resistance of isolates, somatic cell count and residues of drugs in milk, from cattle with and without mastitis, come from four little organic dairy farms in State of São Paulo, Brazil. Were used 148 cattle on the middle period of lactation. From these, two showed clinical mastitis, 72 subclinical mastitis and 74 without signs of mammary inflammation (control). Staphylococcus aureus (25.7%), Streptococcus spp. (21.4%), Corynebacterium bovis (12.9%), Streptococcus agalactiae (4.3%) and Staphylococcus spp (4,3%) were the more-frequent microorganisms isolated from animals with mastitis. Aspergillus spp. was isolated from one animal. Ceftiofur (95.2%), oxacillin (84.2%), gentamicin (76.3%) and cefoperazone (70.3%) were the more effective drugs. High resistance of isolates were found to penicillin (53.5%), ampicillin (41.6%) and neomycin (38.6%). Multiple drug resistance to three or more drug was observed in 40 (39.6%) isolates. Media of somatic cell count encountered in animals with mastitis and controls were 175,742.67cs/mL and 58,227.6 cs/mL, respectively. Antimicrobials residues in milk were detected in four (2.7%) animals. The present findings showed the low somatic cell count of animals, indicative of good quality of milk. However, pointed the need of control measures for contagious pathogens of bovine mastitis and more attention for prohibition of antimicrobial use in organic dairy farms.

• Organic milk mastitis bovine somatic cell count antimicrobials multiresistance

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Ribeiro M.G., Geraldo J.S., Langoni H., Lara G.H.B., Siqueira A.K., Salerno T. & Fernandes M.C. 2008. [Pathogenic microorganisms, somatic cell count and drug residues evaluation in organic bovine milk.] Microrganismos patogênicos, celularidade e resíduos de antimicrobianos no leite produzido no sistema orgânico. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(1):52-58. Disciplina de Enfermidades Infecciosas dos Animais, Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil. E-mail: mgribeiro@fmvz.unesp.br In last years increase the importance of milk quality and conditions of bovine milking. Simultaneously, increase the interest about organic milk and derivates. The aim of present study was investigate the milk pathogens, sensitivity and multiple drug resistance of isolates, somatic cell count and residues of drugs in milk, from cattle with and without mastitis, come from four little organic dairy farms in State of São Paulo, Brazil. Were used 148 cattle on the middle period of lactation. From these, two showed clinical mastitis, 72 subclinical mastitis and 74 without signs of mammary inflammation (control). Staphylococcus aureus (25.7%), Streptococcus spp. (21.4%), Corynebacterium bovis (12.9%), Streptococcus agalactiae (4.3%) and Staphylococcus spp (4,3%) were the more-frequent microorganisms isolated from animals with mastitis. Aspergillus spp. was isolated from one animal. Ceftiofur (95.2%), oxacillin (84.2%), gentamicin (76.3%) and cefoperazone (70.3%) were the more effective drugs. High resistance of isolates were found to penicillin (53.5%), ampicillin (41.6%) and neomycin (38.6%). Multiple drug resistance to three or more drug was observed in 40 (39.6%) isolates. Media of somatic cell count encountered in animals with mastitis and controls were 175,742.67cs/mL and 58,227.6 cs/mL, respectively. Antimicrobials residues in milk were detected in four (2.7%) animals. The present findings showed the low somatic cell count of animals, indicative of good quality of milk. However, pointed the need of control measures for contagious pathogens of bovine mastitis and more attention for prohibition of antimicrobial use in organic dairy farms.