PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Alves F.R., Feitosa M.L.T., Gatti A., Fadel L., Unruh S.M., Ambrósio C.E., Sterman F.A., Pinto A.C.B.C.F. & Miglino M.A. 2009. [Radiologic images of the thoracic cavity of Golden Retriever dogs affected by muscular dystrophy.] Imagem radiográfica da cavidade torácica de cães Golden Retriever acometidos pela Distrofia Muscular. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(2):99-104. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: flaviovet@usp.br Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder with clinical signs of muscular weaknesses and progressive atrophy. Golden Retriever dogs show similar genotypic and phenotypic characteristics to Human Muscular Dystrophy and are considered a proper animal model for DMD studies. Latero-lateral and dorso-ventral thoracic radiographies were obtained from 10 Golden Retriever dogs affected by muscular dystrophy, to investigate possible radiographic alterations. Thorax radiographic examination revealed (a) interstitial and alveolar pattern, (b) initial phases of pneumonia and pulmonary edema, (c) cardiomegaly as a principal alteration in the thoracic cavity, (d) megaesophagus displacing the trachea and heart silhouette, and (e) cranial protrusion of the diaphragm lining into the thorax with development of a hiatus hernia displacing the stomach to the caudal mediastinum. Postmortem examination showed pleural effusion, pulmonary emphysema, degenerative and metaplasic processes in the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. Radiographic examination was considered essential for the diagnosis of cardiac and respiratory disease in Golden Retriever dogs affected by muscular dystrophy, and to identify the primary pulmonary process and to provide the establishment of suitable therapeutic treatment, with a reserved prognosis in advanced stage of the disease.

• Muscular dystrophy Duchenne Golden Retriever dog radiology

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Alves F.R., Feitosa M.L.T., Gatti A., Fadel L., Unruh S.M., Ambrósio C.E., Sterman F.A., Pinto A.C.B.C.F. & Miglino M.A. 2009. [Radiologic images of the thoracic cavity of Golden Retriever dogs affected by muscular dystrophy.] Imagem radiográfica da cavidade torácica de cães Golden Retriever acometidos pela Distrofia Muscular. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(2):99-104. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: flaviovet@usp.br Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder with clinical signs of muscular weaknesses and progressive atrophy. Golden Retriever dogs show similar genotypic and phenotypic characteristics to Human Muscular Dystrophy and are considered a proper animal model for DMD studies. Latero-lateral and dorso-ventral thoracic radiographies were obtained from 10 Golden Retriever dogs affected by muscular dystrophy, to investigate possible radiographic alterations. Thorax radiographic examination revealed (a) interstitial and alveolar pattern, (b) initial phases of pneumonia and pulmonary edema, (c) cardiomegaly as a principal alteration in the thoracic cavity, (d) megaesophagus displacing the trachea and heart silhouette, and (e) cranial protrusion of the diaphragm lining into the thorax with development of a hiatus hernia displacing the stomach to the caudal mediastinum. Postmortem examination showed pleural effusion, pulmonary emphysema, degenerative and metaplasic processes in the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. Radiographic examination was considered essential for the diagnosis of cardiac and respiratory disease in Golden Retriever dogs affected by muscular dystrophy, and to identify the primary pulmonary process and to provide the establishment of suitable therapeutic treatment, with a reserved prognosis in advanced stage of the disease.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Zuccari D.A.P.C, Castro R., Gavioli A.F., Mancini U.M., Frade C.S., Pivaro L.R., Carmona-Raphe J., Terzian A.C.B., Ruiz C.M., Goloni-Bertollo E.M., Pavarino-Bertelli E.C. & Tajara E.H. 2009. The maspin expression in canine mammary tumors: An immunohistochemical and molecular study. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(2):167-173. Centro Regional de Bioterismo, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15090-000, Brazil. E-mail: debora.zuccari@famerp.br The serpin maspin, a tumor suppressor in breast cancer was described as an inhibitor of cell migration and inducer of cell adhesion between the basement membrane and extracellular matrix resulting in inhibition of tumor metastasis. In contrast, overexpression of maspin is correlated with poor prognosis in other types of cancer. Little is known about expression, regulation and function of maspin in canine mammary tumors. It was demonstrated in this study, a loss of maspin expression in malignant canine mammary cells compared with a pool of normal canine mammary tissue, analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR; weak maspin expression in malignant canine mammary tumors were observed by immunohistochemistry. It was also demonstrated that a correlation with nuclear maspin expression and a good prognosis. It is suggested that maspin could be used as a prognostic marker in canine mammary neoplasia.

• Maspin canine mammary tumor immunohistochemistry molecular biology prognosis

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Zuccari D.A.P.C, Castro R., Gavioli A.F., Mancini U.M., Frade C.S., Pivaro L.R., Carmona-Raphe J., Terzian A.C.B., Ruiz C.M., Goloni-Bertollo E.M., Pavarino-Bertelli E.C. & Tajara E.H. 2009. The maspin expression in canine mammary tumors: An immunohistochemical and molecular study. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(2):167-173. Centro Regional de Bioterismo, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15090-000, Brazil. E-mail: debora.zuccari@famerp.br The serpin maspin, a tumor suppressor in breast cancer was described as an inhibitor of cell migration and inducer of cell adhesion between the basement membrane and extracellular matrix resulting in inhibition of tumor metastasis. In contrast, overexpression of maspin is correlated with poor prognosis in other types of cancer. Little is known about expression, regulation and function of maspin in canine mammary tumors. It was demonstrated in this study, a loss of maspin expression in malignant canine mammary cells compared with a pool of normal canine mammary tissue, analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR; weak maspin expression in malignant canine mammary tumors were observed by immunohistochemistry. It was also demonstrated that a correlation with nuclear maspin expression and a good prognosis. It is suggested that maspin could be used as a prognostic marker in canine mammary neoplasia.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Coutinho A.S., Oliveira Filho J.P., Silva D.P.G.S., Oliveira A.P., Marcondes J.S., Chiacchio S.B., Paes A.C., Amorim R.M. & Gonçalves R.C. 2009. [Experimental pneumonic mannheimiosis in calves: Nasal and nasopharingeal swabs for diagnostic.] Mannheimiose pulmonar experimental em bezerros: swab nasal e nasofaringeano como auxílio diagnóstico. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(1):83-88. Departamento de Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu, Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618000, Brazil. E-mail: zep.filho@hotmail.com An experimental model of bovine pneumonic mannheimiosis (BPM) was used to evaluate the nasal and nasopharynx bacterial species of calves during the course of the disease and for checking the diagnostic efficiency of nasal swab (NS) and nasopharingeal swab (NPS) microbiological exams. A total of 28 calves were randomized into four experimental groups (G1-G4). NS and NPS were obtained 7 days before and 12 (G1), 24 (G2), 48 (G3) e 72 (G4) hours after intrabronchial inoculation of Mannheimia haemolytica. After the induction of BPM, M. haemolytica biotype A was the predominant isolated bacterium in NS and NPS in all evaluated sampling times, except for one NS (harvested 24 hours). There were no significant statistical differences for the rates of Pasteurella multocida isolation in NS and NPS, harvested before and after the induction of BPM. However, this bacterium was isolated more frequently after the induction of BPM, mainly in NPS. Therefore, the microbiological NS and NPS exams were important auxiliary tests for diagnosing BPM.

• Bacterial flora upper airway respiratory diseases bovine Mannheimia haemolytica

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Coutinho A.S., Oliveira Filho J.P., Silva D.P.G.S., Oliveira A.P., Marcondes J.S., Chiacchio S.B., Paes A.C., Amorim R.M. & Gonçalves R.C. 2009. [Experimental pneumonic mannheimiosis in calves: Nasal and nasopharingeal swabs for diagnostic.] Mannheimiose pulmonar experimental em bezerros: swab nasal e nasofaringeano como auxílio diagnóstico. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(1):83-88. Departamento de Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu, Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618000, Brazil. E-mail: zep.filho@hotmail.com An experimental model of bovine pneumonic mannheimiosis (BPM) was used to evaluate the nasal and nasopharynx bacterial species of calves during the course of the disease and for checking the diagnostic efficiency of nasal swab (NS) and nasopharingeal swab (NPS) microbiological exams. A total of 28 calves were randomized into four experimental groups (G1-G4). NS and NPS were obtained 7 days before and 12 (G1), 24 (G2), 48 (G3) e 72 (G4) hours after intrabronchial inoculation of Mannheimia haemolytica. After the induction of BPM, M. haemolytica biotype A was the predominant isolated bacterium in NS and NPS in all evaluated sampling times, except for one NS (harvested 24 hours). There were no significant statistical differences for the rates of Pasteurella multocida isolation in NS and NPS, harvested before and after the induction of BPM. However, this bacterium was isolated more frequently after the induction of BPM, mainly in NPS. Therefore, the microbiological NS and NPS exams were important auxiliary tests for diagnosing BPM.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Costa M.M., Peixoto R.M., Boijink C.L., Castagna L., Meurer F., & Vargas A.C. 2008. [Antimicrobial sensibility of bacterial isolates from jundiá (Rhamdia quelen).] Sensibilidade antimicrobiana de bactérias isoladas de jundiá (Rhamdia quelen). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(10):477-480. Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Rua da Simpatia 179, Petrolina, PE 56304-440, Brazil. E-mail: mateus.costa@univasf.edu.br Aiming the evaluation of sensitivity profiles of pathogen bacteria responsible for fish diseases, 51 bacterial isolates from Jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) belonging to the genus Acinetobacter spp. (8), Aeromonas spp. (15), Edwardsiella spp. (2), Enterobacter spp. (2), Klebsiella spp. (1), Plesiomonas spp. (5), Pseudomonas spp. (1), Staphylococcus spp. (11), and Vibrio spp. (6), were tested against antimicrobial agents used for treatment of bacterial fish diseases. All samples were processed at the Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, UFSM. From 51 bacteria isolated from jundiá fishes (Rhamdia quelen) 51 (100%) were sensitive to gentamycin, 49 (96,08%) to sulphazotrin, 47(92,16%) to chloramphenicol, 43 (84,31%) to tetracylin, 43 (84,31%) to naldixic acid, 31 (60,78%) to nitrofurantoin, 22 (43,14%) to erytromycin, 22 (43,14%) to ampicillin, 15 (29,41%) spiramycin, 13 (25,50%) to cholystin, and 5 (3%) to penicillin G. With exception of an isolate of Staphylococcus spp., the bacteria analyzed in the present study were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents tested. Knowledge of the sensitivity profile of bacteria involved in infectious processes in fish will allow rational antimicrobial treatment that will contribute to the control of fish diseases in Rhamdia quelen without causing great risks to public health and the environment.

• Pathogen bacterial antimicrobial drugs Rhamdia quelen

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Costa M.M., Peixoto R.M., Boijink C.L., Castagna L., Meurer F., & Vargas A.C. 2008. [Antimicrobial sensibility of bacterial isolates from jundiá (Rhamdia quelen).] Sensibilidade antimicrobiana de bactérias isoladas de jundiá (Rhamdia quelen). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(10):477-480. Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Rua da Simpatia 179, Petrolina, PE 56304-440, Brazil. E-mail: mateus.costa@univasf.edu.br Aiming the evaluation of sensitivity profiles of pathogen bacteria responsible for fish diseases, 51 bacterial isolates from Jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) belonging to the genus Acinetobacter spp. (8), Aeromonas spp. (15), Edwardsiella spp. (2), Enterobacter spp. (2), Klebsiella spp. (1), Plesiomonas spp. (5), Pseudomonas spp. (1), Staphylococcus spp. (11), and Vibrio spp. (6), were tested against antimicrobial agents used for treatment of bacterial fish diseases. All samples were processed at the Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, UFSM. From 51 bacteria isolated from jundiá fishes (Rhamdia quelen) 51 (100%) were sensitive to gentamycin, 49 (96,08%) to sulphazotrin, 47(92,16%) to chloramphenicol, 43 (84,31%) to tetracylin, 43 (84,31%) to naldixic acid, 31 (60,78%) to nitrofurantoin, 22 (43,14%) to erytromycin, 22 (43,14%) to ampicillin, 15 (29,41%) spiramycin, 13 (25,50%) to cholystin, and 5 (3%) to penicillin G. With exception of an isolate of Staphylococcus spp., the bacteria analyzed in the present study were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents tested. Knowledge of the sensitivity profile of bacteria involved in infectious processes in fish will allow rational antimicrobial treatment that will contribute to the control of fish diseases in Rhamdia quelen without causing great risks to public health and the environment.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Teixeira T.F., Holz C.L., Caixeta S.P.M.B., Dezen D., Cibulski S.P., Silva J.R., Rosa J.C.A., Schmidt E., Ferreira J.C., Batista H.B.C.R., Caldas E., Franco A.C. & Roehe P.M. 2008. [Rabies diagnosis in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 1985 to 2007.] Diagnóstico de raiva no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, de 1985 a 2007. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(10):515-520. Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Fepagro-Saúde Animal, Cx. Postal 2076, Porto Alegre, RS 90001-970, Brazil. E-mail: proehe@ufrgs.br The results of 23 years of rabies diagnosis carried out at the Veterinary Research Institute Desidério Finamor, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil, are reported. From 1985 to 2007, a total of 23.460 specimens were examined, corresponding to 95% of the total number of samples submitted to rabies laboratory diagnosis notified within the state. Diagnostic methods included standard techniques such as the fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and mouse inoculation test (MIT). No cases of human rabies occurred in the period. Rabies virus (RV) was detected in 739 specimens (3.1%), from which 656 (88.7%) were from cattle. The virus was also identified in specimens from 23 dogs (3.1%), 21 horses (2.9%), 29 bats (4.0%), 4 cats (0.5%), 3 sheep (0.4%), 2 pigs (0.27%) and a wild animal of undetermined species (0.13%). The last case of rabies associated with a canine variant was diagnosed in 1988. Two cases of rabies associated with bat variant viruses were reported, in a domestic cat (2001) and in a dog (2007). In cattle, a marked tendency to a decrease in the number of cases was detected in the examined period. In contrast, an increase in the number of cases in haematophagous as well as in non haematophagous bats is noticed. However, as the number of bat specimens submitted for diagnosis has increased, this finding most likely reflects a higher degree of awareness on the possible role for bats in the rabies transmission cycle, rather than any particular changes on the virus or its hosts.

• Rabies epidemiology diagnosis incidence

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Teixeira T.F., Holz C.L., Caixeta S.P.M.B., Dezen D., Cibulski S.P., Silva J.R., Rosa J.C.A., Schmidt E., Ferreira J.C., Batista H.B.C.R., Caldas E., Franco A.C. & Roehe P.M. 2008. [Rabies diagnosis in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 1985 to 2007.] Diagnóstico de raiva no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, de 1985 a 2007. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(10):515-520. Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Fepagro-Saúde Animal, Cx. Postal 2076, Porto Alegre, RS 90001-970, Brazil. E-mail: proehe@ufrgs.br The results of 23 years of rabies diagnosis carried out at the Veterinary Research Institute Desidério Finamor, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil, are reported. From 1985 to 2007, a total of 23.460 specimens were examined, corresponding to 95% of the total number of samples submitted to rabies laboratory diagnosis notified within the state. Diagnostic methods included standard techniques such as the fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and mouse inoculation test (MIT). No cases of human rabies occurred in the period. Rabies virus (RV) was detected in 739 specimens (3.1%), from which 656 (88.7%) were from cattle. The virus was also identified in specimens from 23 dogs (3.1%), 21 horses (2.9%), 29 bats (4.0%), 4 cats (0.5%), 3 sheep (0.4%), 2 pigs (0.27%) and a wild animal of undetermined species (0.13%). The last case of rabies associated with a canine variant was diagnosed in 1988. Two cases of rabies associated with bat variant viruses were reported, in a domestic cat (2001) and in a dog (2007). In cattle, a marked tendency to a decrease in the number of cases was detected in the examined period. In contrast, an increase in the number of cases in haematophagous as well as in non haematophagous bats is noticed. However, as the number of bat specimens submitted for diagnosis has increased, this finding most likely reflects a higher degree of awareness on the possible role for bats in the rabies transmission cycle, rather than any particular changes on the virus or its hosts.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Barbosa P.L.G., Melnic R.V., Morini A.C., Martins D.S., Morini-Junior J.C., Pereira F.T.V., Franciolli A.L.R., Favaron P.O., Ambrósio C.E. & Miglino M.A. 2008. [Characterization of the fetal membranes in buffalo cows in the first three months of gestation.] Caracterização das membranas fetais em búfalas no terço inicial da gestação. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(9):437-445. Setor de Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. E-mail: drimorini@usp.br The aim of the study was to characterize the fetal membranes in buffalo cows (Bubalus bubalis, Linnaeus 1758) in the first 3 months of the gestation. The fetal membranes were analyzed gross and microscopically (light and ultrastructural analysis). The corion is a simple layer of circle cells, with spherical nucleus, named trofoblastics; there is another cellular type, named trophoblastic giant cells, with two or more nucleus. Both of them have many cytoplasmic and reticule endoplasmic vesicles on transmission electron microscopy. The allantoic has many vessels filled with eritrocytes, elongated cells which form a stratified simple epithelium. The amnion is transparent or sometimes whitish, consisting of a stratified simple epithelium. The main difference between the allantoic and amnion is that the latter is avascular. The yolk sac is an opaque membrane that disappears during gestation, and is the only membrane that is not in contact with the others; it presents three different types of cells which form three distinct layers (endoderm, mesothelium and mesenquimal).

• Buffaloes fetal membranes morphology placenta

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Barbosa P.L.G., Melnic R.V., Morini A.C., Martins D.S., Morini-Junior J.C., Pereira F.T.V., Franciolli A.L.R., Favaron P.O., Ambrósio C.E. & Miglino M.A. 2008. [Characterization of the fetal membranes in buffalo cows in the first three months of gestation.] Caracterização das membranas fetais em búfalas no terço inicial da gestação. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(9):437-445. Setor de Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. E-mail: drimorini@usp.br The aim of the study was to characterize the fetal membranes in buffalo cows (Bubalus bubalis, Linnaeus 1758) in the first 3 months of the gestation. The fetal membranes were analyzed gross and microscopically (light and ultrastructural analysis). The corion is a simple layer of circle cells, with spherical nucleus, named trofoblastics; there is another cellular type, named trophoblastic giant cells, with two or more nucleus. Both of them have many cytoplasmic and reticule endoplasmic vesicles on transmission electron microscopy. The allantoic has many vessels filled with eritrocytes, elongated cells which form a stratified simple epithelium. The amnion is transparent or sometimes whitish, consisting of a stratified simple epithelium. The main difference between the allantoic and amnion is that the latter is avascular. The yolk sac is an opaque membrane that disappears during gestation, and is the only membrane that is not in contact with the others; it presents three different types of cells which form three distinct layers (endoderm, mesothelium and mesenquimal).

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Almeida A.E., Wenceslau C.V., Teixeira D.G., Araújo K.P.C., Morini A.C., Morini Jr J.C., Ambrósio C.E., Miglino M.A. & Prada I.L.S. 2008. [Morphophysiology of diaphragm innervation in sheep.] Morfofisiologia da inervação do diafragma de ovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(9):399-409. Setor de Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. E-mail: ceambrosio@usp.br Thirty diaphragms of sheep of Santa Inês breed were studied regarding their origin, division and arrangement of the right and left phrenic nerves (Fde), and the participation of other nerves in the innervation of the diaphragm. By fixing and dissecting pieces, it was found that phrenic nerves (F) frequently come from the ventral branches of the 5th (C5) and 6th (C6) cervical spinal nerves (Ec), at right (46.67%) and at left (43.33%). The F often form a lumbocostal trunk, sternal branches at right (40.00%) and lumbar, costal and esternal branches at left (36.68%). The lumbar branches of F innervate frequently at left (96.67%) the homolateral pillar of the diaphragma, and at right (50.00%) they give fillets to Vena cava caudalis. The costal branches of the F innervate at left (90.00%) and at right (76.66%) the dorsal and ventral regions of the pars costalis. The sternal branches of the F innervate at right (100.00%) and at left (83.33%) the pars sternalis and the ventral region of the pars costalis at the same side. The intercostal nerves (VII to XII pairs, 63.33%) contribute to innervate the diaphragm of Santa Inês sheep.

• Anatomy; phrenic nerves sheep diaphragma nervous system

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Almeida A.E., Wenceslau C.V., Teixeira D.G., Araújo K.P.C., Morini A.C., Morini Jr J.C., Ambrósio C.E., Miglino M.A. & Prada I.L.S. 2008. [Morphophysiology of diaphragm innervation in sheep.] Morfofisiologia da inervação do diafragma de ovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(9):399-409. Setor de Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. E-mail: ceambrosio@usp.br Thirty diaphragms of sheep of Santa Inês breed were studied regarding their origin, division and arrangement of the right and left phrenic nerves (Fde), and the participation of other nerves in the innervation of the diaphragm. By fixing and dissecting pieces, it was found that phrenic nerves (F) frequently come from the ventral branches of the 5th (C5) and 6th (C6) cervical spinal nerves (Ec), at right (46.67%) and at left (43.33%). The F often form a lumbocostal trunk, sternal branches at right (40.00%) and lumbar, costal and esternal branches at left (36.68%). The lumbar branches of F innervate frequently at left (96.67%) the homolateral pillar of the diaphragma, and at right (50.00%) they give fillets to Vena cava caudalis. The costal branches of the F innervate at left (90.00%) and at right (76.66%) the dorsal and ventral regions of the pars costalis. The sternal branches of the F innervate at right (100.00%) and at left (83.33%) the pars sternalis and the ventral region of the pars costalis at the same side. The intercostal nerves (VII to XII pairs, 63.33%) contribute to innervate the diaphragm of Santa Inês sheep.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Balda A.C., Ikeda M.O., Larsson Junior C.E., Michalany N.S. & Larsson C.E. 2008. [Canine Pemphigus foliaceus: A retrospective study of 43 clinical cases and therapy (2000-2005).] Pênfigo foliáceo canino: estudo retrospectivo de 43 casos clínicos e terapia (2000-2005). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(8):387-392. Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270. Brazil. E-mail: anabalda@terra.com.br From August 2000 to July 2005 were attended 43 cases of canine Pemphigus foliaceous (PF) by the Dermatology Service of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of São Paulo. The aim of the present study was to update the records referred to sex, breed, age, type and location of the lesions, clinical signs, and response to treatments with prednisone or combination with prednisone and azathioprine, and also to demonstrate the increase of occurrence of PF compared with the former series (1986-2000) observed in the same Service.

• Pemphigus foliaceous; dogs therapy

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Balda A.C., Ikeda M.O., Larsson Junior C.E., Michalany N.S. & Larsson C.E. 2008. [Canine Pemphigus foliaceus: A retrospective study of 43 clinical cases and therapy (2000-2005).] Pênfigo foliáceo canino: estudo retrospectivo de 43 casos clínicos e terapia (2000-2005). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(8):387-392. Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270. Brazil. E-mail: anabalda@terra.com.br From August 2000 to July 2005 were attended 43 cases of canine Pemphigus foliaceous (PF) by the Dermatology Service of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of São Paulo. The aim of the present study was to update the records referred to sex, breed, age, type and location of the lesions, clinical signs, and response to treatments with prednisone or combination with prednisone and azathioprine, and also to demonstrate the increase of occurrence of PF compared with the former series (1986-2000) observed in the same Service.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Carvalho M.A.M., Azevedo L.M., Menezes D.J.A., Oliveira M.F., Assis Neto A.C., Cardoso F.T.S. & Teixeira M.C.O. 2008. [Anatomical-surgical arterial segments of the kidney in agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha).] Segmentos anátomo-cirúrgicos arteriais do rim de cutia (Dasyprocta prymnolopha). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(5):249-252. Departamento de Morfofisiologia Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil. E-mail: carvalhomam@uol.com.br Twenty pairs of agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha Wagler, 1831) kidneys were studied to describe the arterial anatomical-surgical segments. The renal arteries were injected with stained acetate vinyl, followed by procedures of acid corrosion in order to obtain vascular casts. It was found that the renal artery is always single and bifurcated into ventral and dorsal sectorial arteries. The sectorial arteries reached the kidneys (100% of the cases) through the hilus. These vessels gave origin to segmental branches responsible for kidney irrigation. At the right kidney, the ventral sectorial arteries gave origin to 3 (60% of the cases), 4 (35%) and 5 (5%) segmental branches; the dorsal sectorial arteries gave origin to 3 (30%), 4 (45%), 5 (20%) and 6 (5%) segmental arteries separated by a vascular sector. At the left kidney, the ventral sectorial arteries originated 2 (10%), 3 (55%) or 4 (35%) segmental branches; the dorsal sectorial arteries gave origin to 3 (25%), 4 (50%) and 5 (25%) segmental branches. Based on the arterial distribution of agouti kidneys, independent sections and arterial segments were found, so that it is possible to accomplish partial kidney resection surgery.

• Dasyprocta prymnolopha agouti kidney vascularization arteries

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Carvalho M.A.M., Azevedo L.M., Menezes D.J.A., Oliveira M.F., Assis Neto A.C., Cardoso F.T.S. & Teixeira M.C.O. 2008. [Anatomical-surgical arterial segments of the kidney in agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha).] Segmentos anátomo-cirúrgicos arteriais do rim de cutia (Dasyprocta prymnolopha). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(5):249-252. Departamento de Morfofisiologia Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil. E-mail: carvalhomam@uol.com.br Twenty pairs of agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha Wagler, 1831) kidneys were studied to describe the arterial anatomical-surgical segments. The renal arteries were injected with stained acetate vinyl, followed by procedures of acid corrosion in order to obtain vascular casts. It was found that the renal artery is always single and bifurcated into ventral and dorsal sectorial arteries. The sectorial arteries reached the kidneys (100% of the cases) through the hilus. These vessels gave origin to segmental branches responsible for kidney irrigation. At the right kidney, the ventral sectorial arteries gave origin to 3 (60% of the cases), 4 (35%) and 5 (5%) segmental branches; the dorsal sectorial arteries gave origin to 3 (30%), 4 (45%), 5 (20%) and 6 (5%) segmental arteries separated by a vascular sector. At the left kidney, the ventral sectorial arteries originated 2 (10%), 3 (55%) or 4 (35%) segmental branches; the dorsal sectorial arteries gave origin to 3 (25%), 4 (50%) and 5 (25%) segmental branches. Based on the arterial distribution of agouti kidneys, independent sections and arterial segments were found, so that it is possible to accomplish partial kidney resection surgery.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Zuccari D.A.P.C., Pavam M.V., Terzian A.C.B., Pereira R.S., Ruiz C.M. & Andrade J.C.† 2008. Immunohistochemical evaluation of Ki-67 and PCNA in canine mammary neoplasias: Correlation with prognostic factors and clinical outcome. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(4):207-215. Centro Regional de Bioterismo, FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15090-000, Brazil. E-mail: debora.zuccari@famerp.br E-cadherin is a cell-cell adhesion molecule and low e-cadherin expression is related to invasiveness and may indicate a bad prognosis in mammary neoplasms. The expression of cell proliferation markers PCNA and especially Ki-67, has also proved to have a strong prognostic value in this tumor class. The expression of these markers was related to the clinical-pathological characteristics of 73 surgically removed mammary tumors in female dogs by immunohistochemistry. There was no statistical correlation between these markers and death by neoplasm, survival time and disease-free interval. However, the loss of e-cadherin expression and marked Ki-67 expression (p=0.016) were considered statistically significant for the diagnosis (p=0.032). When evaluated as independent factors, there was evidence of the relationship between the loss of e-cadherin expression and high PCNA expression with changes in the body status (divided into obese, normal and cachectic) of female dogs (p=0.030); there was also evidence of the relationship between pseudopregnancy and e-cadherin alone (p=0.021) and for ulceration and PCNA alone (p=0.035). The significant correlation between the markers expression and these well known prognostic factors used individually or in combination suggests their prognostic value in canine mammary tumors.

• Canine cell proliferation marker e-cadherin immunohistochemistry mammary neoplasm

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Zuccari D.A.P.C., Pavam M.V., Terzian A.C.B., Pereira R.S., Ruiz C.M. & Andrade J.C.† 2008. Immunohistochemical evaluation of Ki-67 and PCNA in canine mammary neoplasias: Correlation with prognostic factors and clinical outcome. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(4):207-215. Centro Regional de Bioterismo, FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15090-000, Brazil. E-mail: debora.zuccari@famerp.br E-cadherin is a cell-cell adhesion molecule and low e-cadherin expression is related to invasiveness and may indicate a bad prognosis in mammary neoplasms. The expression of cell proliferation markers PCNA and especially Ki-67, has also proved to have a strong prognostic value in this tumor class. The expression of these markers was related to the clinical-pathological characteristics of 73 surgically removed mammary tumors in female dogs by immunohistochemistry. There was no statistical correlation between these markers and death by neoplasm, survival time and disease-free interval. However, the loss of e-cadherin expression and marked Ki-67 expression (p=0.016) were considered statistically significant for the diagnosis (p=0.032). When evaluated as independent factors, there was evidence of the relationship between the loss of e-cadherin expression and high PCNA expression with changes in the body status (divided into obese, normal and cachectic) of female dogs (p=0.030); there was also evidence of the relationship between pseudopregnancy and e-cadherin alone (p=0.021) and for ulceration and PCNA alone (p=0.035). The significant correlation between the markers expression and these well known prognostic factors used individually or in combination suggests their prognostic value in canine mammary tumors.