Abstract in English:
Tokarnia C.H., Barbosa J.D., Oliveira C.M.C., Brito M.F., Oliveira R.B. & Barbas L.A. 2004. [Comparative epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of poisoning by Arrabidaea bilabiata (Bignoniaceae) in buffalo and cattle.] Aspectos epidemiológicos e clínico-patológicos comparados da intoxicação por Arrabidaea bilabiata (Bignoniaceae) em búfalos e bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(2):74-79. Projeto Sanidade Animal Embrapa/UFRRJ, Km 47, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: tokarnia@ufrrj.br
Experiments showed that the clinical and pathological pictures were essentially the same, but the buffalo was at least twice more resistant than the bovine to the toxic effect of Arrabidaea bilabiata (Sprague) Sandw. It was also shown that the young leaves are twice (October, end of the dry season) or one and a half (May, end of the rainy season) more toxic than the mature leaves, and that the plant is more toxic in October. These data indicate that the smaller incidence of poisoning by plants of the group that causes sudden death in buffaloes in the Amazon Region is, in part, due to the greater resistance of this animal species to the toxic action of the plant. Also important seems to be the coincidence of the preferential habitat of the buffalo (flooded areas) with the habitat of A. bilabiata, less toxic than Palicourea marcgravii St.Hil. which is a plant of the non-flooded areas, the preferential habitat of cattle.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Tokarnia C.H., Barbosa J.D., Oliveira C.M.C., Brito M.F., Oliveira R.B. & Barbas L.A. 2004. [Comparative epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of poisoning by Arrabidaea bilabiata (Bignoniaceae) in buffalo and cattle.] Aspectos epidemiológicos e clínico-patológicos comparados da intoxicação por Arrabidaea bilabiata (Bignoniaceae) em búfalos e bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(2):74-79. Projeto Sanidade Animal Embrapa/UFRRJ, Km 47, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: tokarnia@ufrrj.br
Experiments showed that the clinical and pathological pictures were essentially the same, but the buffalo was at least twice more resistant than the bovine to the toxic effect of Arrabidaea bilabiata (Sprague) Sandw. It was also shown that the young leaves are twice (October, end of the dry season) or one and a half (May, end of the rainy season) more toxic than the mature leaves, and that the plant is more toxic in October. These data indicate that the smaller incidence of poisoning by plants of the group that causes sudden death in buffaloes in the Amazon Region is, in part, due to the greater resistance of this animal species to the toxic action of the plant. Also important seems to be the coincidence of the preferential habitat of the buffalo (flooded areas) with the habitat of A. bilabiata, less toxic than Palicourea marcgravii St.Hil. which is a plant of the non-flooded areas, the preferential habitat of cattle.
Abstract in English:
Beltrão N., Furian T.Q., Leão J.A., Pereira R.A., Moraes L.B. & Canal C.W. 2004. [Detection of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in chickens in Brazil.] Detecção do vírus da laringotraqueíte das galinhas no Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(2):85-88. Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária (CDPA), Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: nilzaneb@hotmail.com
A study was carried out in search for evidences of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) infections in some Brazilian chicken flocks. Tracheal tissues and swabs were collected from 10 different flocks of layers and broilers displaying respiratory signs of disease. Samples were processes for virus isolation in embryonated eggs and the membranes examined by histopathology. In addition, specimens were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Three flocks had ILTV positive chickens by virus isolation and PCR. These results confirm the occurrence of ILTV in chickens in Brazil.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Beltrão N., Furian T.Q., Leão J.A., Pereira R.A., Moraes L.B. & Canal C.W. 2004. [Detection of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in chickens in Brazil.] Detecção do vírus da laringotraqueíte das galinhas no Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(2):85-88. Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária (CDPA), Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: nilzaneb@hotmail.com
A study was carried out in search for evidences of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) infections in some Brazilian chicken flocks. Tracheal tissues and swabs were collected from 10 different flocks of layers and broilers displaying respiratory signs of disease. Samples were processes for virus isolation in embryonated eggs and the membranes examined by histopathology. In addition, specimens were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Three flocks had ILTV positive chickens by virus isolation and PCR. These results confirm the occurrence of ILTV in chickens in Brazil.
Abstract in English:
Portiansky E.L., Quiroga M.A., Machuca M.A. & Perfumo C.J. 2004. Mycoplasma suis in naturally infected pigs: an ultrastructural and morphometric study. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(1):1-5. Instituto de Patología, Faculdad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 118, C.C. 296, (1900) La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail: elporti@fcv.unlp.edu.ar
Swine eperythrozoonosis is a haemotrophic disease caused by Eperythrozoon suis, actually called Mycoplasma suis, an extracellular bacterial organism that apparently adheres to pig erythrocyte membrane, inducing its deformation and damage. Since little is known about the ultrastructural and morphometrical aspects of this microorganism, the present work aimed to deal with these issues. The ultrastructural study revealed the presence of structures corresponding to tubules disseminated throughout the soma of M. suis. A variable separation between the microorganism membrane and that of the erythrocyte was also observed. The structural and positional attitude of M. suis could allow speculation about its mechanism of action.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Portiansky E.L., Quiroga M.A., Machuca M.A. & Perfumo C.J. 2004. Mycoplasma suis in naturally infected pigs: an ultrastructural and morphometric study. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(1):1-5. Instituto de Patología, Faculdad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 118, C.C. 296, (1900) La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail: elporti@fcv.unlp.edu.ar
Swine eperythrozoonosis is a haemotrophic disease caused by Eperythrozoon suis, actually called Mycoplasma suis, an extracellular bacterial organism that apparently adheres to pig erythrocyte membrane, inducing its deformation and damage. Since little is known about the ultrastructural and morphometrical aspects of this microorganism, the present work aimed to deal with these issues. The ultrastructural study revealed the presence of structures corresponding to tubules disseminated throughout the soma of M. suis. A variable separation between the microorganism membrane and that of the erythrocyte was also observed. The structural and positional attitude of M. suis could allow speculation about its mechanism of action.
Abstract in English:
Rossetti C.A., Vansco B.N., Pini, N & Carfagnini J.C. 2004. Comparison of three diagnostic techniques for the detection of leptospires in the kidneys of wild house mice (Mus musculus). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(1):6-10. Instituto de Patobiología, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CNIA) del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), CC 25 (1712) Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail: crossetti@cicv.inta.gov.ar
Forty-one wild house mice (Mus musculus) were trapped in an urban area, near railways, in Santa Fe city, Argentina. Both kidneys from each mouse were removed for bacteriological and histological examination. One kidney was inoculated into Fletcher semi-solid medium and isolates were serologically typed. The other kidney was microscopically examined after hematoxylin-eosin, silver impregnation and immunohistochemical stains. Leptospires, all of them belonging to the Ballum serogroup, were isolated from 16 (39%) out of 41 samples. The presence of the agent was recorded in 18 (44%) and in 19 (46%) out of 41 silver impregnated and immunohistochemically stained samples respectively. Additionally, leptospires were detected in high number on the apical surface of epithelial cells and in the lumen of medullary tubules and they were less frequently seen on the apical surface of epithelial cells or in the lumen of the cortical tubules, which represents an unusual finding in carrier animals. Microscopic lesions consisting of focal mononuclear interstitial nephritis, glomerular shrinkage and desquamation of tubular epithelial cells were observed in 13 of 19 infected and in 10 of 22 non-infected mice; differences in presence of lesions between infected and non-infected animals were not statistically significant (P=0,14). The three techniques, culture, silver impregnation and immunohistochemistry, had a high agreement (k³0.85) and no significant differences between them were detected (P>0.05). In addition, an unusual location of leptospires in kidneys of carrier animals was reported, but a relationship between lesions and presence of leptospires could not be established.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Rossetti C.A., Vansco B.N., Pini, N & Carfagnini J.C. 2004. Comparison of three diagnostic techniques for the detection of leptospires in the kidneys of wild house mice (Mus musculus). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(1):6-10. Instituto de Patobiología, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CNIA) del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), CC 25 (1712) Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail: crossetti@cicv.inta.gov.ar
Forty-one wild house mice (Mus musculus) were trapped in an urban area, near railways, in Santa Fe city, Argentina. Both kidneys from each mouse were removed for bacteriological and histological examination. One kidney was inoculated into Fletcher semi-solid medium and isolates were serologically typed. The other kidney was microscopically examined after hematoxylin-eosin, silver impregnation and immunohistochemical stains. Leptospires, all of them belonging to the Ballum serogroup, were isolated from 16 (39%) out of 41 samples. The presence of the agent was recorded in 18 (44%) and in 19 (46%) out of 41 silver impregnated and immunohistochemically stained samples respectively. Additionally, leptospires were detected in high number on the apical surface of epithelial cells and in the lumen of medullary tubules and they were less frequently seen on the apical surface of epithelial cells or in the lumen of the cortical tubules, which represents an unusual finding in carrier animals. Microscopic lesions consisting of focal mononuclear interstitial nephritis, glomerular shrinkage and desquamation of tubular epithelial cells were observed in 13 of 19 infected and in 10 of 22 non-infected mice; differences in presence of lesions between infected and non-infected animals were not statistically significant (P=0,14). The three techniques, culture, silver impregnation and immunohistochemistry, had a high agreement (k³0.85) and no significant differences between them were detected (P>0.05). In addition, an unusual location of leptospires in kidneys of carrier animals was reported, but a relationship between lesions and presence of leptospires could not be established.
Abstract in English:
Malafaia P., Pimentel V.A., Freitas K.P., Coelho C.D., Brito M.F. & Peixoto P.V. 2003. [Daily weight gain, economic, nutritional and clinical aspects of goats receiving two types of mineral supplements.] Desempenho ponderal, aspectos econômicos, nutricionais e clínicos de caprinos submetidos a dois esquemas de suplementação mineral. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(1):15-22. Depto de Nutrição Animal e Pastagem, Instituto de Zootecnia, UFRRJ, Km 47, Seropédica, RJ 23835-000, Brazil. E-mail: malafaia1@ig.com.br
Daily weight gain, economic, nutritional and clinical aspects of goats receiving two types of mineral supplements were evaluated during 148 days in Seropédica county, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The animals were daily fed with fresh and chopped Andropogon gayanus or Pennisetum purpureum; the concentrate ration was formulated without a mineral mixture and was offered together with the forage of 300 up to 500 g/animal/day. Sixteen goats were divided into two groups of 8 animals each (4 small and 4 larger goats). For one group a commercial mineral mixture was used, and to the other group a selective mineral mixture containing only Na, P and Cu was offered. The animals were weighed every 30 days and the mineral supplement intake was measured monthly. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and the end of the experimental period. There was no difference in daily weight gain when the selective or commercial mixture was given for both groups. The selective mineral supplementation was 2.3 (for the smaller animals) and 3.9 (for larger animals) times more economic than the conventional supplementation with a “complete” mineral mix. The two groups showed recovery of hair quality and had an increase of hair pigmentation around the eyes, which was attributed to the correction of copper deficiency. In the larger animals the intake of both supplements increased the red blood cells counts, and the haematocrit and haemoglobin values. The forage intake was sufficient to meet the Ca and Co needs of the animals, and for P the concentrate intake was sufficient to overcome the demand for this element. The requirement of zinc was supplied through the forage and the concentrate ration. Thus, when an adequate concentrate and a good quality forage is given, only the deficient mineral element(s) should be supplemented. In this specific case only Na and Cu should be given. The result of this experiment confirms the hypothesis that selective mineral supplementation – i.e. supplementation of the mineral element(s) deficient in the diet – was correct and can result in reduction of the cost with the mineral supplementation of a herd.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Malafaia P., Pimentel V.A., Freitas K.P., Coelho C.D., Brito M.F. & Peixoto P.V. 2003. [Daily weight gain, economic, nutritional and clinical aspects of goats receiving two types of mineral supplements.] Desempenho ponderal, aspectos econômicos, nutricionais e clínicos de caprinos submetidos a dois esquemas de suplementação mineral. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(1):15-22. Depto de Nutrição Animal e Pastagem, Instituto de Zootecnia, UFRRJ, Km 47, Seropédica, RJ 23835-000, Brazil. E-mail: malafaia1@ig.com.br
Daily weight gain, economic, nutritional and clinical aspects of goats receiving two types of mineral supplements were evaluated during 148 days in Seropédica county, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The animals were daily fed with fresh and chopped Andropogon gayanus or Pennisetum purpureum; the concentrate ration was formulated without a mineral mixture and was offered together with the forage of 300 up to 500 g/animal/day. Sixteen goats were divided into two groups of 8 animals each (4 small and 4 larger goats). For one group a commercial mineral mixture was used, and to the other group a selective mineral mixture containing only Na, P and Cu was offered. The animals were weighed every 30 days and the mineral supplement intake was measured monthly. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and the end of the experimental period. There was no difference in daily weight gain when the selective or commercial mixture was given for both groups. The selective mineral supplementation was 2.3 (for the smaller animals) and 3.9 (for larger animals) times more economic than the conventional supplementation with a “complete” mineral mix. The two groups showed recovery of hair quality and had an increase of hair pigmentation around the eyes, which was attributed to the correction of copper deficiency. In the larger animals the intake of both supplements increased the red blood cells counts, and the haematocrit and haemoglobin values. The forage intake was sufficient to meet the Ca and Co needs of the animals, and for P the concentrate intake was sufficient to overcome the demand for this element. The requirement of zinc was supplied through the forage and the concentrate ration. Thus, when an adequate concentrate and a good quality forage is given, only the deficient mineral element(s) should be supplemented. In this specific case only Na and Cu should be given. The result of this experiment confirms the hypothesis that selective mineral supplementation – i.e. supplementation of the mineral element(s) deficient in the diet – was correct and can result in reduction of the cost with the mineral supplementation of a herd.
Abstract in English:
Azevedo J.R., Mannigel R.C., Agulhon A.Z., Borba T.R., Barbieri A.W., Oliveira D.C.L., Headley S.A. & Janeiro V. 2004. Prevalence and geographical distribution of bovine eurytrematosis in cattle slaughtered in northern Paraná, Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 24(1):23-26. Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Centro Universitário de Maringá, Av. Guedner 1610, Jd. Aclimação, Maringá, PR 87050-390, Brazil. E-mail: headleysa@cesumar.br
A retrospective study of cattle slaughtered in northern Paraná during 2000 was performed to determine the prevalence and geographical distribution of bovine eurytrematosis (BE), as identified by the Federal Inspection Service (SIF). The cattle was from different regions of the State of Paraná; all regions had cattle parasitized by Eurytrema spp. BE was identified in 12.1% (12,534/103,411) of the total number of cattle inspected. Prevalence of animals parasitized by Eurytrema spp varied from 8.3% (Region G, São João do Caiuá, 1,069/12,914) to 40.5% (Region R, Ponta Grossa, 225/555). BE was more prevalent during the month of March (1.6) and markedly reduced during May (-2). A possible seasonal predominance of BE was identified: comparatively fewer cases occurred from April to August, while there was a peak from December to March. The study indicates that bovine eurytrematosis is hypoendemic and occurs in almost all geographical regions of the State of Paraná. The prevalence within this State is variable and may be directly related to factors of the biological cycle of the trematode, particularities of each region, and environmental conditions.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Azevedo J.R., Mannigel R.C., Agulhon A.Z., Borba T.R., Barbieri A.W., Oliveira D.C.L., Headley S.A. & Janeiro V. 2004. Prevalence and geographical distribution of bovine eurytrematosis in cattle slaughtered in northern Paraná, Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 24(1):23-26. Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Centro Universitário de Maringá, Av. Guedner 1610, Jd. Aclimação, Maringá, PR 87050-390, Brazil. E-mail: headleysa@cesumar.br
A retrospective study of cattle slaughtered in northern Paraná during 2000 was performed to determine the prevalence and geographical distribution of bovine eurytrematosis (BE), as identified by the Federal Inspection Service (SIF). The cattle was from different regions of the State of Paraná; all regions had cattle parasitized by Eurytrema spp. BE was identified in 12.1% (12,534/103,411) of the total number of cattle inspected. Prevalence of animals parasitized by Eurytrema spp varied from 8.3% (Region G, São João do Caiuá, 1,069/12,914) to 40.5% (Region R, Ponta Grossa, 225/555). BE was more prevalent during the month of March (1.6) and markedly reduced during May (-2). A possible seasonal predominance of BE was identified: comparatively fewer cases occurred from April to August, while there was a peak from December to March. The study indicates that bovine eurytrematosis is hypoendemic and occurs in almost all geographical regions of the State of Paraná. The prevalence within this State is variable and may be directly related to factors of the biological cycle of the trematode, particularities of each region, and environmental conditions.
Abstract in English:
Cattani C.S.O., Colodel E.M., Traverso S.D., Correa A.M.R., & Driemeier D. 2004. [Experimental poisoning by Dodonea viscosa (Sapindaceae) in cattle.] Intoxicação experimental por Dodonea viscosa (Sapindaceae) em bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(1):31-34. Depto Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Bairro Agronomia, Cx. Postal 15094, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: moleta@terra.com.br
The leaves of Dodonea viscosa were force fed to five bovines. Four received the leaves in fresh green stage and the fifth dried ones. Clinical signs were observed in four of the bovines that died; the fifth did not show signs of poisoning. The fresh green plant was proved to be toxic from a dose of 25g/kg on. Dried leaves fed at the dose of 30 g/kg were also toxic. All the animals that died showed clinical signs from 13h30min to 45h after the ingestion of the plant and and death followed within about 48h. The clinical course lasted for about 8h30min until death. The main symptoms where apathy, anorexia, slight tenesmus, muscle trembling, difficulties to keep consciousness, pressing the head against obstacles, lateral recumbency, paddling movements, coma and death. The most significant macroscopic alterations were observed in the liver, with accentuation of the lobular pattern, dark-red areas interspersed with yellowish areas. Petechiae were found in serosal membranes of the abdominal and thoracic organs as well as the intestines. The main microscopic change was hepatic centrolobular coagulative necrosis, associated with congestion and hemorrhages.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Cattani C.S.O., Colodel E.M., Traverso S.D., Correa A.M.R., & Driemeier D. 2004. [Experimental poisoning by Dodonea viscosa (Sapindaceae) in cattle.] Intoxicação experimental por Dodonea viscosa (Sapindaceae) em bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(1):31-34. Depto Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Bairro Agronomia, Cx. Postal 15094, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: moleta@terra.com.br
The leaves of Dodonea viscosa were force fed to five bovines. Four received the leaves in fresh green stage and the fifth dried ones. Clinical signs were observed in four of the bovines that died; the fifth did not show signs of poisoning. The fresh green plant was proved to be toxic from a dose of 25g/kg on. Dried leaves fed at the dose of 30 g/kg were also toxic. All the animals that died showed clinical signs from 13h30min to 45h after the ingestion of the plant and and death followed within about 48h. The clinical course lasted for about 8h30min until death. The main symptoms where apathy, anorexia, slight tenesmus, muscle trembling, difficulties to keep consciousness, pressing the head against obstacles, lateral recumbency, paddling movements, coma and death. The most significant macroscopic alterations were observed in the liver, with accentuation of the lobular pattern, dark-red areas interspersed with yellowish areas. Petechiae were found in serosal membranes of the abdominal and thoracic organs as well as the intestines. The main microscopic change was hepatic centrolobular coagulative necrosis, associated with congestion and hemorrhages.
Abstract in English:
Spilki F.R, Esteves P.A., Lima M., Franco A.C., Chiminazzo C., Flores E.F., Weiblen R., Driemeier D. & Roehe P.M. 2004. Comparative pathogenicity of bovine herpesviruses type 1 (BHV-1) subtypes 1 (BHV-1.1) and 2a (BHV-1.2a). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(1):43-49. Centro de Pesquisas Desidério Finamor, Fepagro Saúde Animal, Cx. Postal 47, Eldorado do Sul, RS 92990-000, Brazil. E-mail: proehe@ufrgs.br
The study aimed to examine the capacity of two bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) isolates of different subtypes (EVI 123/96, BHV-1.1; SV265/98, BHV-1.2a) to induce respiratory disease in calves. These two isolates are representative of the BHV-1 subtypes prevalent in Brazil. Viral subtypes were confirmed by monoclonal antibody analysis and by restriction enzyme digestion of viral genomes. The viruses were inoculated intranasally into seven 3 months old calves (four with BHV-1.1, three with BHV-1.2a). Three other calves of identical age and condition were kept as uninfected controls. In both groups of infected calves, the clinical signs observed were consistent with typical infectious bovine rhinothracheitis (IBR), including pyrexia, apathy, anorexia, nasal and ocular mucopurulent discharges, erosions on the nasal mucosa, conjunctivitis, lachrymation, redness of nasal mucosa, dyspnoea, coughing, tracheal stridor and enlargement of retropharingeal, submandibular and cervical lymphnodes. No significant differences were observed between the clinical scores attributed to both groups. Virus shedding in nasal and ocular secretions were also similar, apart from a significant difference in nasal virus shedding on day 1 to 3 post-inoculation, which was higher for BHV-1.1 than for BHV-1.2a. Following corticosteroid induced reactivation of the latent infection, recrudescence of clinical signs was also observed, with no significant differences on both groups. It was concluded that both subtypes BHV-1.1 and BHV-1.2a were able to induce clinically undistinguishable respiratory disease in calves, either subsequent to a primary infection or following reactivation.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Spilki F.R, Esteves P.A., Lima M., Franco A.C., Chiminazzo C., Flores E.F., Weiblen R., Driemeier D. & Roehe P.M. 2004. Comparative pathogenicity of bovine herpesviruses type 1 (BHV-1) subtypes 1 (BHV-1.1) and 2a (BHV-1.2a). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(1):43-49. Centro de Pesquisas Desidério Finamor, Fepagro Saúde Animal, Cx. Postal 47, Eldorado do Sul, RS 92990-000, Brazil. E-mail: proehe@ufrgs.br
The study aimed to examine the capacity of two bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) isolates of different subtypes (EVI 123/96, BHV-1.1; SV265/98, BHV-1.2a) to induce respiratory disease in calves. These two isolates are representative of the BHV-1 subtypes prevalent in Brazil. Viral subtypes were confirmed by monoclonal antibody analysis and by restriction enzyme digestion of viral genomes. The viruses were inoculated intranasally into seven 3 months old calves (four with BHV-1.1, three with BHV-1.2a). Three other calves of identical age and condition were kept as uninfected controls. In both groups of infected calves, the clinical signs observed were consistent with typical infectious bovine rhinothracheitis (IBR), including pyrexia, apathy, anorexia, nasal and ocular mucopurulent discharges, erosions on the nasal mucosa, conjunctivitis, lachrymation, redness of nasal mucosa, dyspnoea, coughing, tracheal stridor and enlargement of retropharingeal, submandibular and cervical lymphnodes. No significant differences were observed between the clinical scores attributed to both groups. Virus shedding in nasal and ocular secretions were also similar, apart from a significant difference in nasal virus shedding on day 1 to 3 post-inoculation, which was higher for BHV-1.1 than for BHV-1.2a. Following corticosteroid induced reactivation of the latent infection, recrudescence of clinical signs was also observed, with no significant differences on both groups. It was concluded that both subtypes BHV-1.1 and BHV-1.2a were able to induce clinically undistinguishable respiratory disease in calves, either subsequent to a primary infection or following reactivation.
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Araújo ER., Madruga C.R., Soares e.o. & Kessler R.H. 2003. [Progresses in immunization against Anaplasma marginale] Progressos na imunização contra Anaplasma marginale. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira23(3):139-148. Embrapa Gado de Corte, Cx. Postal 154, Campo Grande, MS 79002-970, Brazil. E-mail: flabio@cnpgc.embrapa.br
The current immunization against anaplasmosis in cattle is derived from the blood of infected animais, as live or dead organisms. Nevertheless, efforts have been made to develop a new generation of vaccines. Toe outer membrane of Anaplasma marginale induces a protective immune response against challenge with homologous isolates and a partially protective response against heterologous challenge. ln this membrane, six major surface proteins (MSPs) have been identified, which · have been targeted for the development of immunogens against anaplasmosis. From those proteins, MSP1 a and MSP2 have shown the greatest potential as immunogens, protecting cattle against challenge with virulent homologous and heterologous isolates of A. marginale, despite the size polymorphism of the former protein and the variability of the gene that encodes the latter protein. Another alternative of immunogen is the in vitro culture of A. marginale. lnactivated organisms originating from Dermacentor variabilis IDE8 cell culture were tested as immunogen. Cattle immunized with cell culture-derived A. marginale had a significantly lower reduction in the packed cell volume after challenge exposure and did not display clinical anaplasmosis. Besides the protection afforded by this type of immunogen, cell culture derived organisms are free from bovine cells and pathogens, what is a major advantage as compared with traditional immunization procedures.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Araújo ER., Madruga C.R., Soares e.o. & Kessler R.H. 2003. [Progresses in immunization against Anaplasma marginale] Progressos na imunização contra Anaplasma marginale. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira23(3):139-148. Embrapa Gado de Corte, Cx. Postal 154, Campo Grande, MS 79002-970, Brazil. E-mail: flabio@cnpgc.embrapa.br
Até o presente momento, as imunizações contra anaplasmose em rebanhos bovinos utilizam organismos vivos ou mortos. No entanto, esforços têm sido realizados nos últimos anos com o objetivo de desenvolver uma nova geração de vacinas. A membrana externa de Anaplasma marginale é capaz de induzir reposta imune protetora contra desafio homólogo e parcialmente protetora contra desafio heterólogo. Nela foram identificadas seis proteínas principais de superfície (MSPs), as quais têm sido alvo de estudos para o desenvolvimento de imunógenos contra a anaplasmose. Destas proteínas, MSPla e MSP2 têm demonstrado maior potencial como imunógenos, protegendo os animais contra desafio com isolados virulentos homólogos e heterólogos de A margina/e, apesar do polimorfismo de tamanho da primeira proteína e variabilidade do gene que codifica a segunda. Uma outra alternativa para a imunização contra A. margina/e é o cultivo in vitro dessa riquétsia. Organismos inativados provenientes de cultivo em células IDE8 de Dermacentor variabilis foram testados como imunógeno. Os animais apresentaram uma significativa diferença na redução do volume globular após desafio e não apresentaram sinais clínicos de anaplasmose. Além da proteção conferida por este tipo de imunógeno, os organismos provenientes de cultura de células de carrapato são livres de células. e patógenos de bovinos, o que é uma vantagem significativa quando comparado aos processos tradicionais de imunização.
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Azevedo S.S., Vasconcellos S.A., Alves C.J., Keid L.B., Grasso L.M.P.S., Mascolli R. & Pinheiro S.R. 2003. [Serological survey and risk factors for brucellosis due to Brucella canis in dogs of the Santana de Parnaíba municipality, State of São Paulo.] Inquérito sorológico e fatores de risco para a brucelose por Brucella canis em cães do Município de Santana de Parnaíba, Estado de São Paulo. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 23(4):156-160. Depto Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, FMVZ/USP, 05508-090 São Paulo·SP, Brazil. E-mail: sevedo@fmvz.usp.br
The prevalence of brucellosis due to Bruce/la canis was investigated in dogs of the Santana de Parnaíba. county, State of São Paulo, southeastem Brazil, and the risk factors for infection were analyzed. For this purpose, 41 O blood samples were collected from dogs duririg the rabies vaccination campaign, in August 1999. The agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGIO), using lipopolysaccharides and protein antigens from Brucella ovis; strain Reo 198, was applied first as a screening test on normal sera, and secondly, for confirmation. fl1e sarne AGIO test was applied to sera treated previously with 2-mercapthathanol (ME-AGIO). The complement fixation test (CFT), using B. ovis antigen, strain 63/290, was applied also as a confirmatory test. For the prevalence analysis, animais presenting positive results in both ME-AGIO and CFTwere considered positive. The prevalence of brucellosis due to B. canis was 2.2% (95% C.I. = 1.01-4.13%). Dogs that were allowed bytheir owners to stay free outside their home had a higher risk for contracting B. canis infection, with an odds ratio value of 8.73 (95% C.I.=1.48-51.55) and p=0.04.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Azevedo S.S., Vasconcellos S.A., Alves C.J., Keid L.B., Grasso L.M.P.S., Mascolli R. & Pinheiro S.R. 2003. [Serological survey and risk factors for brucellosis due to Brucella canis in dogs of the Santana de Parnaíba municipality, State of São Paulo.] Inquérito sorológico e fatores de risco para a brucelose por Brucella canis em cães do Município de Santana de Parnaíba, Estado de São Paulo. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 23(4):156-160. Depto Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, FMVZ/USP, 05508-090 São Paulo·SP, Brazil. E-mail: sevedo@fmvz.usp.br
Foi investigada a prevalência da brucelose causada por Brucella canis em cães do município de Santana de Parnaíba, SP, Brasil, e realizado um estudo de possíveis fatores de risco associados à soropositividade para B. canis. Foram examinadas 410 amostras de soro sanguíneo de cães colhidas durante a campanha de vacinação anti-rábica animal, realizada em agosto de 1999. A imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IOGA), utilizando antígeno de lipopolissacarídeos e proteínas de Brucella ovis, amostra Reo 198, foi empregada em soros normais como teste de triagem, e, para a confirmação, a mesma técnica foi aplicada em soros tratados pelo 2-mercaptoetanol (IOGA-ME). A reação de fixação de complemento (CFT), utilizando antígeno de B. ovis, amostra 63/290, também foi utilizada como prova confirmatória. A determinação da prevalência considerou como positivos os animais que reagiram positivamente nos dois testes confirmatórios. (IOGA-ME e CFT). A prevalência da B. canis foi de 2,2% (1.C. 95% = 1,01-4, 13%). A análise estatística mostrou que os cães com acesso irrestrito à rua o dia todo (manejo do tipo solto) estiveram mais expostos ao risco da infecção por B. canis, com um valor de odds ratio de 8,73 (I.C. 95% = 1,48-51,55) e p=0,04.