PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Menão M.C., Astolfi-Ferreira C.S., Knöbl T. & Ferreira A.J.P. 2013. Efficacy of bacterin-, outer membrane protein- and fimbriae extract-based vaccines for the control of Salmonella Enteritidis experimental infection in chickens. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(3):326-330. Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508 270, Brazil. E-mail: ajpferr@usp.br The efficacy of three vaccines was evaluated in chickens for the control of experimental infection with Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) phage type 4. The vaccines were produced with bacterin, outer membrane proteins (OMP) and fimbriae crude extract (FE). The chickens were vaccinated intramuscularly with two doses of each vaccine at 12 and 15 weeks of age. The chickens were then orally challenged with 109 CFU/chicken Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 4 at 18 weeks of age. Fecal swabs were performed for the recovery of shedding SE, and SE was recovered from the liver and spleen. Additionally, antibody titers were measured in the serum by micro-agglutination test. The results indicated that the vaccine produced with bacterin yielded better results and resulted in reduction of fecal shedding and organ invasion by SE after oral challenge, although no vaccine was 100% effective for the control of SE experimental infection.

• Salmonella Enteritidis vaccine bacterin fimbriae outer membrane protein vacina bacterina fímbrias proteínas da membrana externa

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Menão M.C., Astolfi-Ferreira C.S., Knöbl T. & Ferreira A.J.P. 2013. Efficacy of bacterin-, outer membrane protein- and fimbriae extract-based vaccines for the control of Salmonella Enteritidis experimental infection in chickens. [Eficácia de bactéria inativada (bacterina), proteína da membrana externa e extrato de fimbrias no controle de infecção experimental por Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) em galinhas.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(3):326-330. Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508 270, Brazil. E-mail: ajpferr@usp.br A eficácia de três vacinas de Salmonella Enteritidis fagotipo 4, produzidas na forma de bacterina, proteínas de membrana externa (OMP) e extrato bruto de fímbrias (FE) foi avaliada para proteção de aves infectadas experimentalmente. As aves foram vacinadas por via intramuscular com duas doses de cada vacina as 12 e 15 semanas de idade e desafiadas com 109 UFCs de Salmonella Enteritidis fagotipo 4 às 18 semanas de idade, por via oral. A eficácia foi determinada através do reisolamento da bactéria nas fezes e no fígado e baço, e os anticorpos foram mensurados no soro. Os resultados demonstraram que a vacina produzida com a bacterina foi mais eficaz em comparação às outras vacinas examinadas, para reduzir a excreção fecal e a invasão de órgãos após o desafio por SE.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Fernandes J.I., Verocai G.G., Ribeiro F.A., Melo R.M.P.S., Correia T.R.,Veiga C.C.P., Vieira V.P.C. & Scott F.B. 2012. [Miticidal efficacy of an emulsion containing 10% neem (Azadirachtaindica) oil for control of Psoroptes ovis in naturally infested rabbits.] Eficácia acaricida de uma emulsão contendo 10% de óleo de Nim (Azadirachta indica) no controle de Psoroptes ovis em coelhos naturalmente infestados. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(12):1253-1256. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, BR-316 Km 61, Castanhal, PA 68740-970.Brazil. E-mail: vetjulio@yahoo.com.br The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of an emulsion containing 10% of neem (Azadirachta indica) oil on the control of Psoroptes ovis in naturally infested rabbits. Twelve rabbits were randomly divided in two groups of six animals. The control group remained without treatment; while animals in the other group were treated with the 10% neem extract formulation by spraying both ears daily for seven consecutive days. The animals were evaluated daily for the presence of adverse effects. Material from ears all animals was collected on days +3, +7, +14, +21, +28 and +35, and evaluated for the presence of living mites. Animals from control group presented mites in both ears along all days of observation. The treated group presented an efficacy of 41.7% on day +3 and 100% from day +7 to +35. The product containing 10% neem oil has demonstrated to be effective for the treatment of psoroptic mange on rabbits. However, treated animals presented dermatological reaction such as alopecia and hyperemia at the site of application, varying from low to medium severity.

• Azadirachta indica Oryctolagus cuniculus

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Fernandes J.I., Verocai G.G., Ribeiro F.A., Melo R.M.P.S., Correia T.R.,Veiga C.C.P., Vieira V.P.C. & Scott F.B. 2012. [Miticidal efficacy of an emulsion containing 10% neem (Azadirachtaindica) oil for control of Psoroptes ovis in naturally infested rabbits.] Eficácia acaricida de uma emulsão contendo 10% de óleo de Nim (Azadirachta indica) no controle de Psoroptes ovis em coelhos naturalmente infestados. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(12):1253-1256. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, BR-316 Km 61, Castanhal, PA 68740-970.Brazil. E-mail: vetjulio@yahoo.com.br O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de uma emulsão contendo 10% de óleo de nim, Azadirachta indica, no controle de Psoroptes ovis em coelhos naturalmente infestados. Foram utilizados 12 coelhos separados aleatoriamente em dois grupos de seis animais cada. O grupo controle permaneceu sem tratamento, enquanto que o grupo tratado recebeu a formulação em teste, contendo 10% de Nim, borrifando ambos os condutos auditivos, uma vez ao dia, por sete dias consecutivos. Os animais foram avaliados diariamente para observação de possíveis efeitos adversos do produto. Nos dias +3, +7, +14,+21, +28 e +35 foi coletado material de todos os animais para avaliação da presença de ácaros vivos. Os coelhos do grupo controle apresentavam ácaros em ambos os condutos auditivos em todos os dias de observação. O grupo tratado apresentou eficácia de 41,7% no dia +3 e 100% a partir do dia +7 até o dia +35. O produto demonstrou ser eficaz no tratamento da sarna psoróptica em coelhos. Entretanto, todos os animais tratados apresentaram reações dermatológicas, tais como alopecia e hiperemia no local de aplicação do produto, variando de baixa a média severidade.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Santos M.B., Martini M.C., Ferreira H.L., Silva L.H.A., Fellipe P.A., Spilki F.R. & Arns C.W. 2012. Brazilian avian metapneumovirus subtypes A and B: experimental infection of broilers and evaluation of vaccine efficacy. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(12):1257-1262. Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato s/n, Cx. Postal 6109, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil. E-mail: arns@unicamp.br Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is a respiratory pathogen associated with the swollen head syndrome (SHS) in chickens. In Brazil, live aMPV vaccines are currently used, but subtypes A and, mainly subtype B (aMPV/A and aMPV/B) are still circulating. This study was conducted to characterize two Brazilian aMPV isolates (A and B subtypes) of chicken origin. A challenge trial to explore the replication ability of the Brazilian subtypes A and B in chickens was performed. Subsequently, virological protection provided from an aMPV/B vaccine against the same isolates was analyzed. Upon challenge experiment, it was shown by virus isolation and real time PCR that aMPV/B could be detected longer and in higher amounts than aMPV/A. For the protection study, 18 one-day-old chicks were vaccinated and challenged at 21 days of age. Using virus isolation and real time PCR, no aMPV/A was detected in the vaccinated chickens, whereas one vaccinated chicken challenged with the aMPV/B isolate was positive. The results showed that aMPV/B vaccine provided a complete heterologous virological protection, although homologous protection was not complete in one chicken. Although only one aMPV/B positive chicken was detected after homologous vaccination, replication in vaccinated animals might allow the emergence of escape mutants.

• Avian metapneumovirus vaccine protection Metapneumovirus aviário

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Santos M.B., Martini M.C., Ferreira H.L., Silva L.H.A., Fellipe P.A., Spilki F.R. & Arns C.W. 2012. Brazilian avian metapneumovirus subtypes A and B: experimental infection of broilers and evaluation of vaccine efficacy. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(12):1257-1262. Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato s/n, Cx. Postal 6109, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil. E-mail: arns@unicamp.br O Metapneumovírus aviário (aMPV) é um patógeno respiratório associado à síndrome da cabeça inchada (SHS) em galinhas. Apesar de vacinas vivas contra o aMPV serem utilizadas no Brasil, os subtipos A e B (aMPV/A e aMPV/B) são ainda encontrados no país, com predominância do subtipo B. Este estudo foi conduzido com o intuito de estudar dois isolados brasileiros de aMPV (subtipos A e B) isolados de frango. Para isto, um desafio experimental em frangos foi conduzido com o intuito de explorar a capacidade de replicação dos subtipos A e B Brasileiros. Posteriormente, a protecção virológica conferida por uma vacina do subtipo B em pintos foi realizada com os mesmos isolados. Após o desafio experimental demonstrou-se, por isolamento viral e PCR em tempo real, que o isolado do subtipo B replicou por maior período de tempo e em quantidades maiores, em comparação com o subtipo A. Para o estudo de proteção, 18 pintos de um dia de idade foram vacinados e desafiados aos 21 dias. Usando isolamento viral e PCR em tempo real, em nenhuma ave vacinada e desafiada com aMPV/A foi detectado o vírus, ao passo que uma ave vacinada e desafiada com o aMPV/B foi positiva. Os resultados mostraram que a vacina do subtipo B forneceu protecção heteróloga completa, embora a protecção homóloga não tenha sido conferida em uma ave. Apesar de o aMPV/B ter sido detectado em apenas um frango após vacinação homóloga, a replicação viral em aves vacinadas pode resultar em emergência de mutantes de escape.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Ramalho A.C., Soares K.D.A., Silva D.F., Barros M.R.C., Pinheiro Jr. J.W., Oliveira J.M.B., Mota R.A. & Medeiros E.S. 2012. [In vitro efficacy of commercial disinfectants used in pre- and post-dipping against Staphylococcus spp. isolated from dairy cattle.] Eficácia in vitro de desinfetantes comerciais utilizados no pré e pós-dipping frente a Staphylococcus spp. isolados em rebanhos leiteiros. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(12):1285-1288. Departamento de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus Arapiraca, Unidade Acadêmica Viçosa, Fazenda São Luis s/n, zona rural, Viçosa, AL 57700-000, Brazil. E-mail: sampaio.elizabeth@gmail.com The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of commercial disinfectants used in pre- and post-dipping, against Staphylococcus spp. isolated from milk originating from dairy cattle farms in the Wasteland and Forest Zone of Alagoas, Brazil. We used iodine (0.57%), chlorhexidine (2.0%), chlorine (2.5%) and quaternary ammonium compound (4.0%) at concentrations indicated, conventionally used as commercial disinfectants before and after dipping. We analyzed a total of 97 isolates of Staphylococcus spp. identified as S. aureus (16), coagulase positive Staphylococcus (7) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (74). The disinfectants were evaluated at three different times (15”, 30” and 60”). We found that 56.3% of Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to iodine, 68.8% to chlorine, 87.5% to chlorhexidine, and 37.5% to the compound of ammonia, in time 60”. As for coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS), 100% of the isolates was resistant to chlorhexidine, 85.7% to the ammonia compound, 57.1% to chlorine, and 42.9% iodine, in time 60”. Regarding coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS), 91.9% was sensitive to chlorhexidine, 70.3% to chlorine, 66.2% to iodine, and 24.3% the ammonium compound, at time 60”. It is concluded from this study that the greatest disinfectant activity in vitro was with chlorhexidine and chlorine for S. aureus, with iodine and chlorine for SCP, and with chloride and chlorhexidine for SCN. Due to variations in the sensitivity and resistance profile found, it is necessary for regular assessments of the effectiveness of disinfectants used on the farms, to observe the effectiveness of the product and thus ensure the control of mastitis in the herd.

• Staphylococcus spp. desinfection mastitis desinfecção mastite

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Ramalho A.C., Soares K.D.A., Silva D.F., Barros M.R.C., Pinheiro Jr. J.W., Oliveira J.M.B., Mota R.A. & Medeiros E.S. 2012. [In vitro efficacy of commercial disinfectants used in pre- and post-dipping against Staphylococcus spp. isolated from dairy cattle.] Eficácia in vitro de desinfetantes comerciais utilizados no pré e pós-dipping frente a Staphylococcus spp. isolados em rebanhos leiteiros. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(12):1285-1288. Departamento de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus Arapiraca, Unidade Acadêmica Viçosa, Fazenda São Luis s/n, zona rural, Viçosa, AL 57700-000, Brazil. E-mail: sampaio.elizabeth@gmail.com Objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar a eficácia in vitro de desinfetantes comerciais utilizados no pré e pós-dipping, frente a Staphylococcus spp. isolados do leite de vacas procedentes de propriedades leiteiras do Agreste e Zona da Mata do Estado de Alagoas. Foram utilizados iodo (0,57%), clorexidine (2,0%), cloro (2,5%) e composto de amônio quaternário (4,0%), nas concentrações indicadas, como desinfetantes comerciais usados convencionalmente no pré e pós-dipping. Analisou-se um total de 97 isolados de Staphylococcus spp. identificados como S. aureus (16), Staphylococcus coagulase positiva (7) e Staphylococcus coagulase negativa (74). Os desinfetantes foram avaliados em três tempos distintos (15”, 30” e 60”). Observou-se que 56,3% de Staphylococcus aureus foram sensíveis ao iodo, 68,8% sensíveis ao cloro, 87,5% à clorexidine e 37,5% ao composto de amônia no tempo de 60”. Quanto aos Staphylococcus coagulase positiva (SCP), 100% dos isolados foram resistentes ao clorexidine, 85,7% ao composto de amônio, 57,1% ao cloro, e 42,9 resistentes ao iodo no tempo de 60”. Em relação aos Staphylococcus coagulase negativa (SCN) foi observado 91,9% de sensibilidade ao clorexidine, 70,3% sensíveis ao cloro, 66,2% ao iodo e 24,3% sensíveis ao composto de amônio no tempo de 60”. Conclui-se com esse estudo que a maior atividade desinfetante in vitro foi verificada para clorexidine e cloro frente aos S. aureus, iodo e cloro para os SCP e clorexidine e cloro para os SCN. Devido às variações no perfil de sensibilidade e resistência encontradas, é necessária a avaliação regular da eficiência dos desinfetantes usados nas propriedades, com o intuito de observar a eficácia do produto e assim garantir o controle da mastite no rebanho.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Coutinho L.C.A., Medeiros E.S., Silveira N.S.S., Silva L.B.G. & Mota R.A. 2012. [In vitro efficacy of disinfectants used for antisepsis of teats against yeasts isolated from milk of dairy cows with mastitis.] Eficácia in vitro de desinfetantes utilizados na anti-sepsia dos tetos frente a leveduras isoladas do leite de vaca com mastite. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(1):61-65. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manuel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil. E-mail: rinaldo.mota@hotmail.com The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro sensibility of yeast isolated from milk of dairy cows with mastitis against some commercial disinfectants used in pre and post-dipping in dairy farms of the State of Pernambuco. After identification, 12 yeast isolates were tested with the following disinfectants: iodine at 0,57%, chlorine at 2,5%, chlorhexidine, lactic acid and quaternary ammonium at 2,0%, at different exposure times. It was observed that 100% of the isolates were sensitive to chlorhexidine at all exposure times. Iodine has obtained the second best result with the following percentages: 83,33% were susceptible at 15’’ exposure, 91,7% in 30’’ and 100% were sensitive at 60’’ 300’’ and 600’’ times. For lactic acid, the results were 41,67% sensitive at 15’’ of exposure, 58,33% at 30’’, 66,7% at 60’’ and 300’’ and 75% at 600’’. In the analysis of the results for quaternary ammonium, it was observed that 66,67% were sensitive in 15’’and 30’’ times and 91,67% at 60’’, 300’’ and 600’’. Regarding the chlorine activity, only 16,67% were sensitive at the 15’’ and 30’’ times, and 25% at 60’’, 300’’ and 600’’. It was concluded that chlorhexidine and iodine have disinfectant activity significantly superior to chlorine, against to yeast involved in infectious processes of the mammary gland in cattle. It is necessary to perform a periodic assessment of the disinfectant activity from products used in the pre and post-dipping routine against dairy farms microorganisms most commonly involved in cases of mastitis (bacterial or fungal) which is an effective alternative to reduce the frequency of mastitis in cattle.

• Disinfectants candida mastitis desinfetantes mastites

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Coutinho L.C.A., Medeiros E.S., Silveira N.S.S., Silva L.B.G. & Mota R.A. 2012. [In vitro efficacy of disinfectants used for antisepsis of teats against yeasts isolated from milk of dairy cows with mastitis.] Eficácia in vitro de desinfetantes utilizados na anti-sepsia dos tetos frente a leveduras isoladas do leite de vaca com mastite. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(1):61-65. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manuel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil. E-mail: rinaldo.mota@hotmail.com Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a sensibilidade in vitro de leveduras isoladas do leite de vaca com mastite frente a alguns desinfetantes comerciais utilizados no pré e pós-dipping em propriedades leiteiras do Estado de Pernambuco. Após a identificação, 12 isolados de leveduras foram submetidos aos testes com os seguintes princípios ativos: iodo (0,57%), cloro (2,5%), clorexidine (2,0%), ácido láctico (2,0%) e amônia quaternária (2,0%) em cinco tempos distintos (15”, 30”, 60”, 300” e 600”). Observou-se que 100% dos isolados mostraram-se sensíveis ao clorexidine, em todos os tempos de exposição. O iodo obteve o segundo melhor resultado com os seguintes percentuais: 83,33% foram sensíveis em 15” de exposição, 91,67% em 30” e 100% foram sensíveis nos tempos 60”, 300” e 600”. Para o ácido láctico, os resultados foram: 41,67% sensíveis em 15” de exposição, 58,33% em 30”, 66,67% em 60” e 300” e 75% em 600”. Na Análise dos resultados para amônia quaternária, observou-se que 66,67% foram sensíveis nos tempos 15” e 30”, e 91,67% em 60”, 300” e 600”. Em relação ao princípio ativo cloro apenas 16,67% foram sensíveis no tempo de 15” e 30”, e 25% em 60”, 300” e 600”. Conclui-se que o clorexidine e o iodo apresentam atividade desinfetante significativamente superior ao cloro, frente a leveduras envolvidas nos processos infecciosos da glândula mamária em bovinos. É necessário realizar uma avaliação periódica da atividade desinfetante dos produtos utilizados na rotina do pré e pós-dipping nas propriedades leiteiras frente aos microrganismos mais comumente envolvidos nos casos de mastite (micótica ou bacteriana), pois esta é uma medida eficaz para reduzir a frequência de casos de mastite nos rebanhos.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Arana S., Dagli M.L.Z, Sabino M., Tabata Y.A., Rigolino M.G. & Hernandez-Blazquez F.J. 2011. Evaluation of the efficacy of hydrated sodium aluminosilicate in the prevention of aflatoxin-induced hepatic cancer in rainbow trout. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(9):751-755. Laboratório de Histofisiologia e Histopatologia Experimental em Animais Ectotérmicos, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cx. Postal 6109, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil. E-mail: aranas@unicamp.br The use of aluminum silicates for decontaminating animal feed containing aflatoxins has yielded encouraging results in chicken and turkey poults. In contrast, very few studies have tested these substances in aquaculture. In this work, we investigated the efficacy of a trout diet containing 0.5% hydrated sodium aluminosilicate (HSAS) in protecting against contamination with aflatoxin B1. Trout were reared on these diets for one year and the experimental groups were examined monthly for hepatic presumptive preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Regardless of the presence of HSAS, all of the fish that received aflatoxin in their diet have shown hepatic lesions indicative of a carcinogenic process, presenting also the development of cancer in some fish. The concentration of HSAS used in this study was ineffective in preventing the onset of hepatic lesions induced by aflatoxin B1 in rainbow trout.

• Sodium aluminosilicate aflatoxin hepatocarcinogenesis aluminosilicato de sódio aflatoxina hepatocarcinogênese

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Arana S., Dagli M.L.Z, Sabino M., Tabata Y.A., Rigolino M.G. & Hernandez-Blazquez F.J. 2011. Evaluation of the efficacy of hydrated sodium aluminosilicate in the prevention of aflatoxin-induced hepatic cancer in rainbow trout. [Avaliação da eficácia do aluminosilicato de sódio hidratado na prevenção de câncer hepático induzido por aflatoxina em truta arco-íris.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(9):751-755. Laboratório de Histofisiologia e Histopatologia Experimental em Animais Ectotérmicos, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cx. Postal 6109, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil. E-mail: aranas@unicamp.br Resultados encorajadores têm sido observados com o emprego de aluminosilicatos para descontaminação de ração contendo aflatoxina destinada à avicultura. No entanto, raros estudos têm sido destinados a testar essa substância em aqüicultura. Assim, no presente trabalho, foi investigada a eficácia do aluminosilicato de sódio hidratado (HSAS, 0,5%) em proteger a truta arco-íris dos danos hepáticos causados por ração contaminada com aflatoxina B1. Os grupos experimentais foram alimentados com suas respectivas dietas durante 12 meses, mensalmente cada grupo foi amostrado para análises anatomopatológica e histopatológica para verificação da presença de lesões hepáticas. Apesar da presença de HSAS, todos os grupos que receberam dieta contaminada com aflatoxina B1 apresentaram lesões hepáticas indicativas do processo carcinogênico, sendo que exemplares alimentados com essas dietas por mais longo prazo apresentaram hepatocarcinoma ou colangiocarcinoma. Estes resultados indicaram que a concentração de HSAS usada no presente estudo não foi efetiva em prevenir o desenvolvimento de lesões hepáticas induzidas por aflatoxina B1 em truta arco-íris.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Morikawa M.K., Bochio M.M., Pincelli V.A., Freire R.L. & Pereira P.M. 2010. [Monitoring and evaluation of the efficacy of whole blood and packed red cells transfusion in dogs.] Monitoração e avaliação clínica da eficácia da transfusão de sangue total e concentrado de hemácias em cães. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(8):665-669. Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. E-mail: pmendes@uel.br Transfusion therapy has a great potential to save lives in small animals practice, and it has been used mainly in the emergency treatment for anemic animals, although this procedure is related to certain risks. A manner to minimize these risks is through keeping close monitoring during the time of transfusion, which furthermore allows an evaluation of recovering of the patient. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the efficacy of whole blood and packed red cells transfusions in anemic dogs. Seventy-seven transfusions in dogs have been done, 52 of whole blood and 25 of packed red cells, measuring (every 15-30 minutes) temperature, cardiac and breathing frequency, mucous tissue color and capillaries filling time throughout the procedure. The outcome shows that both compounds, may cause improvements to every assessed parameters 45 minutes from the start of the transfusion mainly to cardiac frequency, mucous tissue color and capillaries filling time (p<0.05). The success of a transfusion ensures apparent clinical improvement from two hours of the onset of the procedure.

• Blood transfusion transfusão sanguínea

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Morikawa M.K., Bochio M.M., Pincelli V.A., Freire R.L. & Pereira P.M. 2010. [Monitoring and evaluation of the efficacy of whole blood and packed red cells transfusion in dogs.] Monitoração e avaliação clínica da eficácia da transfusão de sangue total e concentrado de hemácias em cães. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(8):665-669. Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. E-mail: pmendes@uel.br A terapia transfusional tem grande potencial de salvar vidas na clínica de pequenos animais, e é usada principalmente na terapêutica de emergência em animais anêmicos, entretanto este procedimento está associado a vários riscos. Uma das formas de minimizá-los é pela monitoração constante durante a transfusão sanguínea, permitindo assim avaliar a melhora clínica do paciente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia da transfusão de sangue total e de concentrado de hemácias em cães anêmicos, por meio da monitoração dos parâmetros vitais. Foram avaliadas 77 transfusões em cães, sendo 52 de sangue total armazenado e 25 de concentrado de hemácias. Durante todo o procedimento aferiu-se (a cada 15-30 minutos) a temperatura, frequência cardíaca, frequência respiratória e a coloração de mucosas dos pacientes, além do tempo de preenchimento capilar. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que ambos os componentes promoveram melhora dos parâmetros avaliados a partir de 45 minutos do início da transfusão sanguínea, principalmente da frequência cardíaca, coloração de mucosas e tempo de preenchimento capilar (p<0,05). A transfusão bem sucedida proporcionou melhora clínica aparente a partir de duas horas do início do procedimento.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Verocai G.G., Fernandes J.I., Correia T.R., Melo R.M.P.S., Alves P.A.M., Scott F.B. & Grisi L. 2009. Inefficacy of albendazole sulphoxide and ivermectin for the treatment of bovine parasitic otitis caused by rhabditiform nematodes. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(11):910-912. Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: gverocai@gmail.com The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of orally administered albendazole sulphoxide and pour-on ivermectin for the treatment of bovine parasitic otitis caused by rhabditiform nematodes. Eighteen Gyr cows presenting clinical otitis were divided in three groups with six animals each. The first one did not receive any treatment (control group). The second one was treated with 0.5% pour-on ivermectin, 500µg/kg of body weight, and the third group was treated with oral 6% albendazole sulphoxide, at 6.0mg/kg. Both ear canals of each animal were reexamined on days 7 and 21 post treatment. The animals in the control group remained infected throughout the days of observation. Ivermectin treatment did not show effectiveness on days 7 or 21 post treatment. The albendazole sulphoxide treatment had an efficacy of 16.7 and 25% on days 7 and 21, respectively. Further studies are required to assess an effective treatment for this parasitic disease, especially via alternative administration routes, because of its significant impact on Bos taurus indicus cattle breeding in Tropical and Subtropical Regions.

• Otite parasitária nematóides rhabditiformes

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Verocai G.G., Fernandes J.I., Correia T.R., Melo R.M.P.S., Alves P.A.M., Scott F.B. & Grisi L. 2009. Inefficacy of albendazole sulphoxide and ivermectin for the treatment of bovine parasitic otitis caused by rhabditiform nematodes. [Ineficácia do sulfóxido de albendazole e da ivermectina no tratamento da otite parasitária bovina causada por nematóides rhabditiformes.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(11):910-912. Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: gverocai@gmail.com O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do sulfóxido de albendazol administrado oralmente e da ivermectina “pour-on” no tratamento da otite parasitária bovina causada por nematóides rhabditiformes. Dezoito vacas Gir apresentando otite clínica foram divididas em três grupos de seis animais cada. O primeiro não recebeu tratamento (grupo controle). O segundo foi tratado com ivermectina “pour-on” a 0,05% na dose de 500µg/kg de peso vivo. O terceiro grupo foi tratado com sulfóxido de albendazol oral a 6% na dose 6,0mg/kg. Os condutos auditivos de todos os animais foram reexaminados nos dias 7 e 21 pós-tratamento. Os animais do grupo controle permaneceram infectados nos dias de observação. O tratamento com ivermectina não demonstrou eficácia alguma para os dias 7 e 21 pós-tratamento. O tratamento com sulfóxido de albendazol obteve 16,7 e 25% de eficácia nos dias 7 e 21, respectivamente. Mais estudos são necessários para determinação de tratamentos eficazes para tal doença parasitária, especialmente através de vias alternativas de administração, por causa de seu significante impacto na criação de Bos taurus indicus nas Regiões Tropical e Subtropical.

Abstract in English:

Abstract.- Silva A.D., Esteves P.A., Dezen D., Oliveira A.P., Spilki F.R., Campos F.S., Franco A.C. & Roehe P.M. 2009. Efficacy of a gE-deleted, bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) inactivated vaccine. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(7):545-551. Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Fepagro Saúde Animal, Estrada do Conde 6000, Cx. Postal 47, Eldorado do Sul, RS 92990-000, Brazil. E-mail: proehe@gmail.com Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) is recognized as a major cause of economic losses in cattle. Vaccination has been widely applied to minimize losses induced by BoHV-1 infections. We have previously reported the development of a differential BoHV-1 vaccine, based on a recombinant glycoprotein E (gE)-deleted virus (265gE-). In present paper the efficacy of such recombinant was evaluated as an inactivated vaccine. Five BoHV-1 seronegative calves were vaccinated intramuscularly on day 0 and boostered 30 days later with an inactivated, oil adjuvanted vaccine containing an antigenic mass equivalent to 107.0 fifty per cent cell culture infectious doses (CCID50) of 265gE-. Three calves were kept as non vaccinated controls. On day 60 post vaccination both vaccinated and controls were challenged with the virulent parental strain. No clinical signs or adverse effects were seen after or during vaccination. After challenge, 2/5 vaccinated calves showed mild clinical signs of infection, whereas all non vaccinated controls displayed intense rhinotracheitis and shed virus for longer and to higher titres than vaccinated calves. Serological responses were detected in all vaccinated animals after the second dose of vaccine, but not on control calves. Following corticosteroid administration in attempting to induce reactivation of the latent infection, no clinical signs were observed in vaccinated calves, whereas non vaccinated controls showed clinical signs of respiratory disease. In view of its immunogenicity and protective effect upon challenge with a virulent BoHV-1, the oil adjuvanted preparation with the inactivated 265gE- recombinant was shown to be suitable for use as a vaccine.

• Bovine herpesvirus type 1 BoHV-1 recombinant vaccine inactivated vaccine

Abstract in Portuguese:

Abstract.- Silva A.D., Esteves P.A., Dezen D., Oliveira A.P., Spilki F.R., Campos F.S., Franco A.C. & Roehe P.M. 2009. Efficacy of a gE-deleted, bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) inactivated vaccine. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(7):545-551. Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Fepagro Saúde Animal, Estrada do Conde 6000, Cx. Postal 47, Eldorado do Sul, RS 92990-000, Brazil. E-mail: proehe@gmail.com Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) is recognized as a major cause of economic losses in cattle. Vaccination has been widely applied to minimize losses induced by BoHV-1 infections. We have previously reported the development of a differential BoHV-1 vaccine, based on a recombinant glycoprotein E (gE)-deleted virus (265gE-). In present paper the efficacy of such recombinant was evaluated as an inactivated vaccine. Five BoHV-1 seronegative calves were vaccinated intramuscularly on day 0 and boostered 30 days later with an inactivated, oil adjuvanted vaccine containing an antigenic mass equivalent to 107.0 fifty per cent cell culture infectious doses (CCID50) of 265gE-. Three calves were kept as non vaccinated controls. On day 60 post vaccination both vaccinated and controls were challenged with the virulent parental strain. No clinical signs or adverse effects were seen after or during vaccination. After challenge, 2/5 vaccinated calves showed mild clinical signs of infection, whereas all non vaccinated controls displayed intense rhinotracheitis and shed virus for longer and to higher titres than vaccinated calves. Serological responses were detected in all vaccinated animals after the second dose of vaccine, but not on control calves. Following corticosteroid administration in attempting to induce reactivation of the latent infection, no clinical signs were observed in vaccinated calves, whereas non vaccinated controls showed clinical signs of respiratory disease. In view of its immunogenicity and protective effect upon challenge with a virulent BoHV-1, the oil adjuvanted preparation with the inactivated 265gE- recombinant was shown to be suitable for use as a vaccine.

Abstract in English:

Caron L., Brum M.C.S., Moraes M.P., Golde W.T., Arns C.W. & Grubman M.J. 2005. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor does not increase the potency or efficacy of a foot-and-mouth disease virus subunit vaccine. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(3):150-158. USDA, ARS, PIADC-FMD Research Unit, PO.Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944 0848, USA. E-mail: mgrubman@piadc.ars.usda.gov Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most feared diseases of livestock worldwide. Vaccination has been a very effective weapon in controlling the disease, however a number of concerns with the current vaccine including the inability of approved diagnostic tests to reliably distinguish vaccinated from infected animals and the need for high containment facilities for vaccine production, have limited its use during outbreaks in countries previously free of the disease. A number of FMD vaccine candidates have been tested and a replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vector containing the FMDV capsid (P1-2A) and 3C protease coding regions has been shown to completely protect pigs against challenge with the homologous virus (FMDV A12 and A24). An Ad5-P1-2A+3C vaccine for FMDV O1 Campos (Ad5-O1C), however, only induced a low FMDV-specific neutralizing antibody response in swine potency tests. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been successfully used to stimulate the immune response in vaccine formulations against a number of diseases, including HIV, hepatitis C and B. To attempt to improve the FMDV-specific immune response induced by Ad5-O1C, we inoculated swine with Ad5-O1C and an Ad5 vector containing the gene for porcine GM-CSF (pGM-CSF). However, in the conditions used in this trial, pGM-CSF did not improve the immune response to Ad5-O1C and adversely affected the level of protection of swine challenged with homologous FMDV.

• Foot-and-mouth disease virus O1 Campos Adenovirus Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Caron L., Brum M.C.S., Moraes M.P., Golde W.T., Arns C.W. & Grubman M.J. 2005. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor does not increase the potency or efficacy of a foot-and-mouth disease virus subunit vaccine. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(3):150-158. USDA, ARS, PIADC-FMD Research Unit, PO.Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944 0848, USA. E-mail: mgrubman@piadc.ars.usda.gov Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most feared diseases of livestock worldwide. Vaccination has been a very effective weapon in controlling the disease, however a number of concerns with the current vaccine including the inability of approved diagnostic tests to reliably distinguish vaccinated from infected animals and the need for high containment facilities for vaccine production, have limited its use during outbreaks in countries previously free of the disease. A number of FMD vaccine candidates have been tested and a replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vector containing the FMDV capsid (P1-2A) and 3C protease coding regions has been shown to completely protect pigs against challenge with the homologous virus (FMDV A12 and A24). An Ad5-P1-2A+3C vaccine for FMDV O1 Campos (Ad5-O1C), however, only induced a low FMDV-specific neutralizing antibody response in swine potency tests. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been successfully used to stimulate the immune response in vaccine formulations against a number of diseases, including HIV, hepatitis C and B. To attempt to improve the FMDV-specific immune response induced by Ad5-O1C, we inoculated swine with Ad5-O1C and an Ad5 vector containing the gene for porcine GM-CSF (pGM-CSF). However, in the conditions used in this trial, pGM-CSF did not improve the immune response to Ad5-O1C and adversely affected the level of protection of swine challenged with homologous FMDV.