PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Pescador C.A., Oliveira E.C., Pedroso P.M.O., Bandarra P.M., Okuda L.H., Corbellini L.G. & Driemeier D. 2007. [Reproductive losses linked to Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats in southern Brazil.] Perdas reprodutivas associadas com infecção por Toxoplasma gondii em caprinos no sul do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(4):167-171. Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br Toxoplasma gondii was implicated with reproductive losses in a goat herd in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Gross changes were present in 2 out of 6 fetuses/offsprings submitted for diagnosis and included enlarged, pale mesenteric lymph nodes, and edematous, mottled red and tan lungs. Microscopic changes were observed in most fetuses and were especially characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in the brain and lungs. Other histological changes included lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis, necrotizing lymphadenitis and periportal lympho-plasmacytic cell infiltrates. While bacteriological and direct immunofluorescent antibody tests for Leptospira sp. were negative in samples from all cases, immunohistochemical and PCR procedures for Toxoplasma gondii reacted positively in most of them. Antibody titles against T. gondii varying from 1:512 to 1:2048 were detected in serum samples from the mother goats of these aborted (1), stillborn (3) or dead newborn (2) kids. This paper describes the clinical, pathological, serological, molecular and immunohistochemical findings of a Toxoplasma gondii-infected goat flock.

• Abortion goat reproductive losses stillborn Toxoplasma gondii

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Pescador C.A., Oliveira E.C., Pedroso P.M.O., Bandarra P.M., Okuda L.H., Corbellini L.G. & Driemeier D. 2007. [Reproductive losses linked to Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats in southern Brazil.] Perdas reprodutivas associadas com infecção por Toxoplasma gondii em caprinos no sul do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(4):167-171. Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br Toxoplasma gondii was implicated with reproductive losses in a goat herd in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Gross changes were present in 2 out of 6 fetuses/offsprings submitted for diagnosis and included enlarged, pale mesenteric lymph nodes, and edematous, mottled red and tan lungs. Microscopic changes were observed in most fetuses and were especially characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in the brain and lungs. Other histological changes included lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis, necrotizing lymphadenitis and periportal lympho-plasmacytic cell infiltrates. While bacteriological and direct immunofluorescent antibody tests for Leptospira sp. were negative in samples from all cases, immunohistochemical and PCR procedures for Toxoplasma gondii reacted positively in most of them. Antibody titles against T. gondii varying from 1:512 to 1:2048 were detected in serum samples from the mother goats of these aborted (1), stillborn (3) or dead newborn (2) kids. This paper describes the clinical, pathological, serological, molecular and immunohistochemical findings of a Toxoplasma gondii-infected goat flock.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Oliveira K.D., França T.N., Nogueira V.A. & Peixoto P.V. 2006. [Diseases associated with selenium poisoning in animals.] Enfermidades associadas à intoxicação por selênio em animais. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(4):125-136. Departamento de Nutrição Animal e Pastagem, Instituto de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: krishna.oliveira@uvv.br Trough a critical literature review, the main data of selenium poisoning in domestic animals are presented. Epidemiological, clinical, anatomic and histopathological aspects attributed to Alkali Disease, Blind Staggers, acute poisoning and focal symmetrical poliomielomalacia of swine are discussed. The main objective of the paper is to clarify obscure points of selenium poisoning, as well to point out the risks that supplementation with this element can represent.

• Selenium poisoning alkali disease blind staggers focal symmetrical poliomielomalacia

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Oliveira K.D., França T.N., Nogueira V.A. & Peixoto P.V. 2006. [Diseases associated with selenium poisoning in animals.] Enfermidades associadas à intoxicação por selênio em animais. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(4):125-136. Departamento de Nutrição Animal e Pastagem, Instituto de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: krishna.oliveira@uvv.br Trough a critical literature review, the main data of selenium poisoning in domestic animals are presented. Epidemiological, clinical, anatomic and histopathological aspects attributed to Alkali Disease, Blind Staggers, acute poisoning and focal symmetrical poliomielomalacia of swine are discussed. The main objective of the paper is to clarify obscure points of selenium poisoning, as well to point out the risks that supplementation with this element can represent.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Vieira A.C.S., Afonso J.A.B. & Mendonça C.L. 2007. [Ruminal fluid characteristics of Santa Inês sheep under pasture conditions in the State of Pernambuco.] Características do fluído ruminal de ovinos Santa Inês criados extensivamente em Pernambuco. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(3):110-114. Clínica de Bovinos, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Cx. Postal 152, Garanhuns, PE 55292-901, Brazil. E-mail: acynnara@gmail.com The objective of this study was to determine normal standards to ruminal fluid characteristics of Santa Inês sheep under pasture conditions in the State of Pernambuco. Fifty samples were collected, using an esophageal tube, during winter (rainy season) and summer (dry season). The predominant colors were an olive green in the rainy season and a nut-brown in the dry season. The smell was aromatic, but was stronger in winter. A slight viscous consistence was found in most of the samples, with a greater proportion in winter. The sedimentation and flotation time was 6.73min (±1.63) in the rainy period and 3.15min (±0.72) in the dry period. In the biochemical tests, the average values found in winter and summer were, respectively: pH 6.76±0.21 and 6,59±0.14; methylene blue reduction, 3.20min (±0.76) and 7.76min (±3.00); chloride, 28.14±4,16mEq/L and 24.97±5.65mEq/L; acidity, 21.90±4.38UC and 13.68±2.97UC. Ruminal microbiotic analyses revealed abundant and moderate density of protozoa in winter and summer, respectively. The motility was very active and there were almost 90% of live protozoa in both seasons. Protozoa numbers were 425.373±217.258/mL in winter and 155.375±83.113/mL in summer. There was a mixed population of bacteria with prevalence of Gram-negative forms in both seasons.

• Ruminal fluid sheep bacteria protozoa

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Vieira A.C.S., Afonso J.A.B. & Mendonça C.L. 2007. [Ruminal fluid characteristics of Santa Inês sheep under pasture conditions in the State of Pernambuco.] Características do fluído ruminal de ovinos Santa Inês criados extensivamente em Pernambuco. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(3):110-114. Clínica de Bovinos, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Cx. Postal 152, Garanhuns, PE 55292-901, Brazil. E-mail: acynnara@gmail.com The objective of this study was to determine normal standards to ruminal fluid characteristics of Santa Inês sheep under pasture conditions in the State of Pernambuco. Fifty samples were collected, using an esophageal tube, during winter (rainy season) and summer (dry season). The predominant colors were an olive green in the rainy season and a nut-brown in the dry season. The smell was aromatic, but was stronger in winter. A slight viscous consistence was found in most of the samples, with a greater proportion in winter. The sedimentation and flotation time was 6.73min (±1.63) in the rainy period and 3.15min (±0.72) in the dry period. In the biochemical tests, the average values found in winter and summer were, respectively: pH 6.76±0.21 and 6,59±0.14; methylene blue reduction, 3.20min (±0.76) and 7.76min (±3.00); chloride, 28.14±4,16mEq/L and 24.97±5.65mEq/L; acidity, 21.90±4.38UC and 13.68±2.97UC. Ruminal microbiotic analyses revealed abundant and moderate density of protozoa in winter and summer, respectively. The motility was very active and there were almost 90% of live protozoa in both seasons. Protozoa numbers were 425.373±217.258/mL in winter and 155.375±83.113/mL in summer. There was a mixed population of bacteria with prevalence of Gram-negative forms in both seasons.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Ferrigno C.R.A.,Della Nina M.I. & Fantoni D.T. 2007. [A comparative study of osteosynthesis with plates and plates associated with grafts of bone morphogenic proteins (Gen-Techâ) in distal radio-ulna fractures in dogs with less than 6 quilograms.] Estudo comparativo entre as osteossínteses com placas e osteossínteses com placas associadas a enxertos de proteína morfogenética óssea (Gen-Techâ) em fraturas distais de rádio-ulna em cães com menos de 6 quilos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(2):65-69. Departamento de Cirurgia do Hospital Veterinário, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-900. E-mail: cassioaf@usp.br It is well known that bone morphogenic proteins (BMP) cause osteogenesis, yet clinical research must be performed in order to really show their benefits. Animals weighing less than 6 kg show well known difficulties regarding radius and ulna fracture repair mainly with bone non-union, due to poor vascularization of the distal portion of the radius. Therefore this study aimed to compare the velocity of bone callus formation in the treatment of fracture repair with plates and screws alone or with plates and screws plus BMP. Thirty three dogs with radius and ulna fractures were distributed into two groups, where animals of the control group received the conservative treatment performed with screws and plates alone, whilst the other group received the conservative treatment and BMP. The time of bone callus formation was evaluated comparatively through radiographic exams 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 210 days after the surgical procedure. Animals treated with BMP showed a healing time of 32±15 days, which was significantly different (p <0.001) from the control group which required 127±34 days. With the results obtained, it can be concluded that the distal radio-ulna fractures of dogs weighing less than 6 kg suffered a significant reduction of the bone callus formation time, which was around 90 days.

• Bone morphogenic proteins BMP bone fractures bone plate dogs

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Ferrigno C.R.A.,Della Nina M.I. & Fantoni D.T. 2007. [A comparative study of osteosynthesis with plates and plates associated with grafts of bone morphogenic proteins (Gen-Techâ) in distal radio-ulna fractures in dogs with less than 6 quilograms.] Estudo comparativo entre as osteossínteses com placas e osteossínteses com placas associadas a enxertos de proteína morfogenética óssea (Gen-Techâ) em fraturas distais de rádio-ulna em cães com menos de 6 quilos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(2):65-69. Departamento de Cirurgia do Hospital Veterinário, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-900. E-mail: cassioaf@usp.br It is well known that bone morphogenic proteins (BMP) cause osteogenesis, yet clinical research must be performed in order to really show their benefits. Animals weighing less than 6 kg show well known difficulties regarding radius and ulna fracture repair mainly with bone non-union, due to poor vascularization of the distal portion of the radius. Therefore this study aimed to compare the velocity of bone callus formation in the treatment of fracture repair with plates and screws alone or with plates and screws plus BMP. Thirty three dogs with radius and ulna fractures were distributed into two groups, where animals of the control group received the conservative treatment performed with screws and plates alone, whilst the other group received the conservative treatment and BMP. The time of bone callus formation was evaluated comparatively through radiographic exams 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 210 days after the surgical procedure. Animals treated with BMP showed a healing time of 32±15 days, which was significantly different (p <0.001) from the control group which required 127±34 days. With the results obtained, it can be concluded that the distal radio-ulna fractures of dogs weighing less than 6 kg suffered a significant reduction of the bone callus formation time, which was around 90 days.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Moreira Souto M.A., Kommers G.D., Barros C.S.L., Piazer J.V.M., Rech R.R., Riet-Correa F. & Schild A.L. 2006. [Neoplasms of the upper digestive tract of cattle associated with spontaneous ingestion of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum).] Neoplasias do trato alimentar superior de bovinos associadas ao consumo espontâneo de samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(2):112-122. Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. E-mail: glaukommers@yahoo.com Thirty bovine with neoplasms of the upper digestive tract (UDT) associated with spontaneous ingestion of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) were studied. They were from 27 farms, located in the municipalities of Jaguari (23) and Nova Esperança do Sul (4), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The total cattle population in those farms was 1,090 and large amounts of bracken fern were found in the pastures. Twenty-six of the affected cattle were cows and four were castrated males, 3-13 years of age; most of them were 7-8 years old (46,6%). Clinical signs observed in the affected animals were progressive weight loss, absence of ruminal movements, cough, dysphagia, regurgitation, halitosis, diarrhea, and bloat. Less frequent signs were selective appetite, dyspnea, and salivation. Two bovine died and 28 were submitted to euthanasia in advanced stage of disease and necropsied. The main gross and microscopic alterations were found in identical areas of the UDT. They consisted of papillomas, transforming papillomas, and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Metastases of SCCs to regional lymph nodes and other organs, such as liver and lungs, were also observed (18/30). Twenty-nine bovine had papillomas of various sizes in several areas of the UDT. The digestive papillomatosis ranged from mild (45%), to moderate (38%), to severe (17%). Three developing phases were observed microscopically in the examined papillomas: an early growing phase, a developing phase, and a regressing phase. In 16 cases, there was malignant transformation of papillomas into SCCs. The SCCs were solitary (12/30) or multiple (18/30) and were histologically well, moderately, or poorly differentiated. Grouping the distribution of SCCs of larger extension in the UDT into cranial region (base of the tongue, pharynx/oropharynx, and epiglottis), medial region (esophagus), and caudal region (cardia and rumen), the distribution was cranial in 39%, middle in 16%, and caudal in 45% of the cases. By the same grouping criteria, but considering the total number of times SCCs of varied extensions were diagnosed in the cranial, middle, and caudal regions, the percentages changed to 34%, 26%, and 40%, respectively. The epidemiological and histomorphological evidences found in this study are in agreement with the observations that point out the co-carcinogenesis between bovine papillomavirus type 4 infection and chemicals of bracken fern in the pathogenesis of the SCCs in the UDT of cattle. However, the presence of pre-neoplastic changes and SCCs in situ or in early stages of development, independently of the presence of papillomas, clearly indicates the possibility of development of SCCs from normal epithelium, probably due to the direct action of the chemical carcinogens contained in bracken fern.

• Poisonous plants Pteridium aquilinum plant poisoning bovine papillomavirus type 4 squamous cell carcinoma diseases of cattle pathology.

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Moreira Souto M.A., Kommers G.D., Barros C.S.L., Piazer J.V.M., Rech R.R., Riet-Correa F. & Schild A.L. 2006. [Neoplasms of the upper digestive tract of cattle associated with spontaneous ingestion of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum).] Neoplasias do trato alimentar superior de bovinos associadas ao consumo espontâneo de samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(2):112-122. Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. E-mail: glaukommers@yahoo.com Thirty bovine with neoplasms of the upper digestive tract (UDT) associated with spontaneous ingestion of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) were studied. They were from 27 farms, located in the municipalities of Jaguari (23) and Nova Esperança do Sul (4), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The total cattle population in those farms was 1,090 and large amounts of bracken fern were found in the pastures. Twenty-six of the affected cattle were cows and four were castrated males, 3-13 years of age; most of them were 7-8 years old (46,6%). Clinical signs observed in the affected animals were progressive weight loss, absence of ruminal movements, cough, dysphagia, regurgitation, halitosis, diarrhea, and bloat. Less frequent signs were selective appetite, dyspnea, and salivation. Two bovine died and 28 were submitted to euthanasia in advanced stage of disease and necropsied. The main gross and microscopic alterations were found in identical areas of the UDT. They consisted of papillomas, transforming papillomas, and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Metastases of SCCs to regional lymph nodes and other organs, such as liver and lungs, were also observed (18/30). Twenty-nine bovine had papillomas of various sizes in several areas of the UDT. The digestive papillomatosis ranged from mild (45%), to moderate (38%), to severe (17%). Three developing phases were observed microscopically in the examined papillomas: an early growing phase, a developing phase, and a regressing phase. In 16 cases, there was malignant transformation of papillomas into SCCs. The SCCs were solitary (12/30) or multiple (18/30) and were histologically well, moderately, or poorly differentiated. Grouping the distribution of SCCs of larger extension in the UDT into cranial region (base of the tongue, pharynx/oropharynx, and epiglottis), medial region (esophagus), and caudal region (cardia and rumen), the distribution was cranial in 39%, middle in 16%, and caudal in 45% of the cases. By the same grouping criteria, but considering the total number of times SCCs of varied extensions were diagnosed in the cranial, middle, and caudal regions, the percentages changed to 34%, 26%, and 40%, respectively. The epidemiological and histomorphological evidences found in this study are in agreement with the observations that point out the co-carcinogenesis between bovine papillomavirus type 4 infection and chemicals of bracken fern in the pathogenesis of the SCCs in the UDT of cattle. However, the presence of pre-neoplastic changes and SCCs in situ or in early stages of development, independently of the presence of papillomas, clearly indicates the possibility of development of SCCs from normal epithelium, probably due to the direct action of the chemical carcinogens contained in bracken fern.

Abstract in English:

Corrêa A.M.R., Pescador C.A., Schmitz M., Zlotowski P., Rozza D.B., Oliveira E.C., Barcellos D.E. & Driemeier D. 2006. [Clinical and pathological aspects of swine circovirosis in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil.] Aspectos clínico-patológicos associados à circovirose suína no Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(1):9-13. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br A total of 97 pigs, which had presented wasting, lymphadenomegaly, respiratory distress and pale or icteric mucosa, was necropsied over a 6-month period. Macroscopic lesions were characterized mostly by enlarged lymph nodes, non collapsed and round edged lungs with cranio-ventral areas of consolidation and interlobular edema. Kidneys had increased size, were pale, and presented numerous scattered white spots projecting from surface to the cortical area. Some kidneys also showed small red spots similar to petechial hemorrhage over the cortex. Main microscopic lesions were lympho-histiocytic infiltration in lymph nodes, lungs, and kidneys. Immunohistochemical probing with polyclonal antisera to type II swine circovirus stained positively in 50 out of the 56 cases tested (89.2%).

• Circovirus PMWS PCV2 immunohistochemistry swine.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Corrêa A.M.R., Pescador C.A., Schmitz M., Zlotowski P., Rozza D.B., Oliveira E.C., Barcellos D.E. & Driemeier D. 2006. [Clinical and pathological aspects of swine circovirosis in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil.] Aspectos clínico-patológicos associados à circovirose suína no Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(1):9-13. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br A total of 97 pigs, which had presented wasting, lymphadenomegaly, respiratory distress and pale or icteric mucosa, was necropsied over a 6-month period. Macroscopic lesions were characterized mostly by enlarged lymph nodes, non collapsed and round edged lungs with cranio-ventral areas of consolidation and interlobular edema. Kidneys had increased size, were pale, and presented numerous scattered white spots projecting from surface to the cortical area. Some kidneys also showed small red spots similar to petechial hemorrhage over the cortex. Main microscopic lesions were lympho-histiocytic infiltration in lymph nodes, lungs, and kidneys. Immunohistochemical probing with polyclonal antisera to type II swine circovirus stained positively in 50 out of the 56 cases tested (89.2%).

Abstract in English:

Amaral A.L., Morés N., Barioni W.J., Ventura L., Silva R.A.M. & Silva V.S. 2004. [Risk factors at the growth-termination phase associated with the occurrence of lymphadenitis in swine.] Fatores de risco associados à ocorrência de linfadenite em suínos na fase de crescimento-terminação. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(3):120-122. Depto Epidemiologia, Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Cx. Postal 21, Concórdia, SC 89700-000, Brazil. E-mail: armando@cnpsa.embrapa.br An epidemiological study in 60 units of swine termination (UT), pertaining to producers integrated with the main Agribusiness of the States of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. These units had been selected due to the occurrence of lymphadenitis in slaughtered pigs. The batch size studied in each UT varied from 22 to 960 pigs. The animals were considered positive or negative for lymphadenitis, following the evaluation routine of the Service of Federal Inspection (SIF) at slaughter. For data collection at the UTs, a questionnaire with 156 variables was applied at a single visit to the farms. In the 60 UT studied, the percentage of positive animals for lymphadenitis was 10.37%. Among the variables analyzed, nine risk factors were identified (explicative variables) and associated with the occurrence of lymphadenitis (objective variables). The explicative variables were: bad hygiene of the feeders and drinking fountains, untreated drinking water, bad conservation of the facilities, use of the same truck for ration and animal transportation, production of ration inside the farm, free access of other animals to the ingredients of ration, storage of ready usable ration in boxes or bags and handling of the production of animals in an continuous system.

• Swine risk factors lymphadenitis.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Amaral A.L., Morés N., Barioni W.J., Ventura L., Silva R.A.M. & Silva V.S. 2004. [Risk factors at the growth-termination phase associated with the occurrence of lymphadenitis in swine.] Fatores de risco associados à ocorrência de linfadenite em suínos na fase de crescimento-terminação. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(3):120-122. Depto Epidemiologia, Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Cx. Postal 21, Concórdia, SC 89700-000, Brazil. E-mail: armando@cnpsa.embrapa.br An epidemiological study in 60 units of swine termination (UT), pertaining to producers integrated with the main Agribusiness of the States of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. These units had been selected due to the occurrence of lymphadenitis in slaughtered pigs. The batch size studied in each UT varied from 22 to 960 pigs. The animals were considered positive or negative for lymphadenitis, following the evaluation routine of the Service of Federal Inspection (SIF) at slaughter. For data collection at the UTs, a questionnaire with 156 variables was applied at a single visit to the farms. In the 60 UT studied, the percentage of positive animals for lymphadenitis was 10.37%. Among the variables analyzed, nine risk factors were identified (explicative variables) and associated with the occurrence of lymphadenitis (objective variables). The explicative variables were: bad hygiene of the feeders and drinking fountains, untreated drinking water, bad conservation of the facilities, use of the same truck for ration and animal transportation, production of ration inside the farm, free access of other animals to the ingredients of ration, storage of ready usable ration in boxes or bags and handling of the production of animals in an continuous system.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Fighera R.A., Rozza D.B., Piazer J.V., Copetti M.V., lrigoyen L.F. & Barros C.S.L. 2003. [Interstitial pneumonia in cattle fed moldy sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas).] Pneumonia intersticial em bovinos associada à ingestão de batata-doce (lpomoea batatas) mofada. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 23(4):161-166. Depto Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105- 900 Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. E-mail: claudioslbarros@uol.com.br Cases of respiratory disease were diagnosed in five out of 23 cattle (21. 7%) after they wete fed moldy damaged sweet potatoes (lpomoea batatas) on a small farm in the county of São Vicente do Sul, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Of those five cattle, three died spontaneously and another one was euthanatized for necropsy while showing advanced respiratory clinicai signs. The disease manifested itself approximately 24 hours after the ingestion of the sweet potatoes and lasted from 1 to 4 days. Clinicai signs included dyspnea (labored breathing and abdominal respiration), tachypnea, extended neck with Iow carriage of the head and rhythmical flaring of the nostrils. Two cows were necropsied. Necropsy findings included distended pale and rubbery lungs which failed to collapse when the thorax was open, and marked pulmonar interstitial emphysema and edema. Lymphoid hyperplasia was observed in the hilar nodes and spleen. Histologically, the lesions were those of interstitial pneumonia. Alveolar septa were thickened by fibroblasts and inflammatory cells, and there was hypertrophy and hyperplasia of type li pneumocytes; the interlobular septa were distended by edema and emphysema. The culture of the moldy sweet potatoes yielded Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum.

• Toxic diseases mycotoxicoses respiratory diseases interstitial pneumonia diseases of cattle sweet potatoes lpomoea batatas Intoxicações micotoxicoses doenças respiratórias pneumonia intersticial doenças de bovinos batata-doce.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Fighera R.A., Rozza D.B., Piazer J.V., Copetti M.V., lrigoyen L.F. & Barros C.S.L. 2003. [Interstitial pneumonia in cattle fed moldy sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas).] Pneumonia intersticial em bovinos associada à ingestão de batata-doce (lpomoea batatas) mofada. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 23(4):161-166. Depto Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105- 900 Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. E-mail: claudioslbarros@uol.com.br Uma doença respiratória foi diagnosticada em cinco dentre 23 bovinos (21, 7%) após terem sido alimentados com batata-doce (lpomoea batatas) mofada em uma pequena propriedade rural em São Vicente do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Três dos cinco bovinos afetados morreram espontaneamente, e o quarto foi sacrificado para necropsia quando mostrava sinais clínicos respiratórios avançados. A manifestação clínica iniciara cerca de 24 horas após a ingestão das batatasdoces e a evolução clínica foi de 1 a 4 dias. Os sinais clínicos incluíam dispnéia (respiração laboriosa e abdominal), taquipnéia, pescoço estendido com cabeça baixa e dilatação ritmada das narinas. Dois bovinos foram necropsiados. Os achados de necropsia incluíam pulmões distendidos, pálidos e de consistência borrachenta, que não colapsavam quando o tórax era aberto; enfisema e edema acentuados eram evidentes no pulmão. Os linfonodos e o baço apresentavam alterações características de hiperplasia linfóide. Histologicamente, as lesões eram típicas de pneumonia intersticial. Os septos alveolares estavam espessados por fibroblastos e células inflamatórias, havia hipertrofia e hiperplasia de pneumócitos tipo II; os septos interlobulares estavam distendidos por edema e enfisema. A cultura de amostras das batatas-doces mofadas produziu Fusarium solani e F. oxysporum.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Oliveira C.M.C., Barbosa J.D., Pfeifer I.B. & Cardoso D.P. 2003. [The blood and urinary values in the pre and post-parturient period of buffaloes, kept on exclusive pasture feeding.] Parâmetros sangüineos e urinários, no pré e pós-parto, de búfalas criadas em sistema exclusivo de pastejo. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 23(2):87-92. Central de Diagnóstico da Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Maximino Porpino 1000, Castanhal, PA 68740-080, Brazil. E-mail: diomedes@ufpa.br Eight lactating buffaloes of the Murrah breed were used from 60 days before up to 60 days after calving, in order to evaluate alterations in the concentration of blood glucose, total plasmatic protein, haematocrit and the presence of ketonic bodies in the urine. The 5 to 10-year old buffaloes were clinically healthy and had had at least two lactations. During the experimental period the animais were maintained on Brachiaria brizantha pasture and · supplemented with a mineral mixture and water. The media concentrations of blood glucose and the media values of the haematocrit diminished significantly after calving (p<0,05). The concentrations of total plasmatic protein did not show significant variation during the pre and post-parturient period. The ketonic bodies in the pre-parturient period were only detected in the urine of one buffaloe, but after the 32nd day of lactation ketonic bodies were detected in ali animais. There was a direct relationship between the color of the urine positive by the Rothera test and blood glucose concentrations. lt can be concluded that at the beginning of lactation the buffaloes had an energetic deficit, characterized by a decline of blood glucose concentrations and the presence of ketonic bodies in the urine, and that lactation caused a progressive decline of the hematocrit, but that the concentration of total plasmatic protein did not vary during the pre and post-parturient period.

• Buffaloes ketonic bodies lactation metabolic perfil urine Búfalas corpos cetônicos lactação perfil metabólico urina.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Oliveira C.M.C., Barbosa J.D., Pfeifer I.B. & Cardoso D.P. 2003. [The blood and urinary values in the pre and post-parturient period of buffaloes, kept on exclusive pasture feeding.] Parâmetros sangüineos e urinários, no pré e pós-parto, de búfalas criadas em sistema exclusivo de pastejo. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 23(2):87-92. Central de Diagnóstico da Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Maximino Porpino 1000, Castanhal, PA 68740-080, Brazil. E-mail: diomedes@ufpa.br Foi avaliada a ocorrência de alterações nas concentrações de glicose sangüínea, proteína plasmática total; hematócrito e presença de corpos cetônicos na urina de oito búfalas leiteiras da raça Murrah, com idade variando entre 5 e 10 anos, com no mínimo duas lactações, clinicamente sadias, desde 60 dias antes até 60 dias pós-parto. As concentrações médias de glicose sangüínea e o valor médio do hematócrito diminuíram significativamente no pós-parto (p<0,05). As concentrações de proteína plasmática total não sofreram variações significativas do pré para o pós-parto. No período préparto os corpos cetônicos só foram detectados na urina de uma búfala; entretanto, a partir do 32º dia de lactação foram detectados em todos os animais. Houve uma relação direta entre a coloração da urina positiva para o teste de Rothera e as concentrações de glicose sangüínea. Pode-se concluir que na fase inicial da lactação as búfalas utilizadas sofreram um déficit energético, caracterizado pela diminuição nas concentrações sangüíneas de glicose e presença de corpos cetônicos na urina, e que a lactação causou um declínio progressivo no hematócrito, enquanto que as concentrações da proteína plasmática total não sofreram variações do pré para o pós-parto.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Marques A.P., Riet-Correa F., Soares M.P., Ortolani E.L. & Giuliodori M.J. 2003. (Sudden deaths in cattle associated with copper deficiency.] Mortes súbitas em bovinos associadas à carência de cobre. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 23(1):21-32. Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil. An outbreak of sudden death was observed in cattle in southern Brazil. No significant gross or microscopic lesions were found in 1 O cattle at post-mortem examination. To test if the sudden deaths were caused by a toxic plant, 13 weeds were collected and given to rabbits at a total of 440 to 600 g per kg body weight within 7 days. Results were negative. Mean copper levels of the tiver in 10 cattle were very low (3.6± 1.6 ppm-dry matter) suggesting Cu deficiency as the cause of the disease. Five samples of pasture collected during the outbreak had normal levels of Cu (8.4±0.8 ppm-d.m.) and S (0.2%±0.03-d.m.), but high levels of Fe (522± 122 ppm-d.m.). One group of 10 heifers was supplemented with Cu subcutaneously. This group and a similar control group were maintained in the sarne area where the outbreak occurred. Serum levels of Cu, S, Fe, Mo and ceruloplasmin were determined bimonthly in both groups during one year. Mean serum levels of Cu (1.76± 1.06 to 10.34±3.1 &#956;mol/1 for the control group and 3.86± 1.53 to 10.61 ± 1.34 &#956;mol/1 for the treated group) and ceruloplasmin (6.59±3.93 to 18.61±4.14 mg/1 for the control group and 10.31±5.48 to 32.49±6.05 mg/1 for the treated group) were significantly higher in the supplemented group (P=0.0046 for Cu and P=0.0001 for ceruloplasmin), but they were below normal levels in most samples of both groups. Serum levels of Cu and ceruloplasmin were correlated (r=0.67; P=00.5). ln both groups serum levels of Fe (40.09±5.25 to 78.48±28.23 &#956;mol/1) were higher than normal levels. Samples of forage were collected bimonthly for determination of Cu, Mo, S, Fe and protein in 7 points of the paddock where the outbreak occurred. Levels of Cu (1.36±0.56 to 4.76±1.15 ppm-d.m.) were below the normal ranges. The concentration of Mo (0.17±0.06 to 0.96±0.47 ppm-d.m.) was within normal ranges. Levels of S (0.21 ±0.04% to 0.5±0.17%) and Fe (172.92±62.64 to 437.24±205.44 ppm-d.m.) were occasionally within toxic level. Levels of protein varied from 7.77±2.6% to 13.16±3.02%. Six samples of water and six of submersed pastures were collected at the end of the experiment when the paddock was flooded. High levels of iron (169.23±83.49 ppm-d.m.) and S (0.06±0.03%) were found in the water. Levels of Fe and S in the submerse pasture were of 469.3±218.28 ppm and 0.19 ±0.05%, respectively. The results obtained suggest that the sudden deaths are due to Cu deficiency. Three factors seem to be responsible for the Cu deficiency: 1) high levels of iron in pastures and water; 2) occasionally low levels of copper in the pastures; and 3) the ingestion of S above the requirements due to the levels occasionally high in pastures and high in water. The outbreak reported is similar to other outbreaks of sudden deaths associated with low liver copper previously reported during winter in the sarne region of southern Brazil. This area is characterized by acid sandy soils with frequent flooding during this season. ln periodically flooded acid soils iron is solubilized and absorbed by the plants, decreasing the Cu content and increasing the Fe content of forage. This seems to be the main reason for Cu deficiency in the region.

• Cattle copper deficiency sudden death iron molibdenum sulfur Bovinos deficiência de cobre morte súbita ferro molibdênio enxofre

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Marques A.P., Riet-Correa F., Soares M.P., Ortolani E.L. & Giuliodori M.J. 2003. [Sudden deaths in cattle associated with copper deficiency.] Mortes súbitas em bovinos associadas à carência de cobre. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 23(1):21-32. Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil. Foi estudado um surto de morte súbita em bovinos no sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Nos animais necropsiados não foram observadas lesões macroscópicas ou microscópicas significativas. Para testar se as mortes súbitas teriam sido causadas por plantas tóxicas, 13 espécies de plantas foram coletadas e administradas a coelhos num total de 440 a 600g/kg de peso vivo num período de 7 dias. Os resultados foram negativos. Os teores de cobre no fígado dos bovinos foram muito baixos (3,6±1,6 ppm-base seca) sugerindo que as mortes foram causadas por deficiência de cobre. Cinco amostras de pasto, coletadas no local do surto, apresentaram teores normais de Cu (8,4±0,8 ppm-bs) e S (0,2%±0,03%-bs), mas altos teores de Fe (522±122 ppm-bs). Um grupo de 10 novilhas foi suplementado com Cu subcutâneo. Este grupo e um grupo controle foram mantidos em área similar à da ocorrência do surto. Teores séricos de Cu, S, Fe, Mo e ceruloplasmina foram determinados bimensalmente durante um ano de experimento. Os teores médios de Cu (1,76±1,06 a 10,34±3,1 &#956;mol/1 no grupo controle e 3,86± 1,53 a 10,61 ± 1,34 &#956;mol/1 para o grupo suplementado) e ceruloplamina (6,59±3,93 a 18,61 ±4,14 mg/1 para o grupo controle e 10,35±5,48 a 32,49±6,05 mg/1 para o grupo suplementado) foram significativamente maiores no grupo suplementado (P=0,0046 para o Cu e P=0,0001 para a ceruloplasmina), mas a maioria das amostras tiveram teores abaixo do normal em ambos os grupos. Houve uma correlação entre os teores de Cu e os de ceruloplasmina (r=0,67, P=0,05). Em ambos os grupos os teores séricos de Fe (40,09±5,22 a 78,48±28,23 &#956;mol/1) estiveram acima dos teores normais. Amostras de forragens foram coletadas bimensalmente em sete pontos do campo onde ocorreu o surto para determinação de Cu, Mo, S, Fe e proteína. Os teores de Cu (1,36±0,56 a 4,76±1,15 ppm-bs) estiveram abaixo dos requerimentos. Os teores de Mo (0,17±0,06 a 0,96±0,47 ppm-bs) estiveram dentro da normalidade. Valores de S (0,21 ±0,04% a 0,5±0, 17%) e Fe (172,92±62,64 a 437,24±205,44 ppm-bs) alcançaram, ocasionalmente, níveis tóxicos. Teores de proteína variaram de 7,77±2,6% a 13, 16±3,02%. Seis amostras de água e 6 amostras de pasto submerso foram coletadas no fim do experimento quando o campo estava inundado. Altos teores de Fe (169, 23±83,49 ppm) e S (0,06±0,03%) foram encontrados na água. Os teores de Fe e S no pasto submerso foram de 469,5±218,28 ppm e 0,19±0,05%, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que as mortes súbitas foram causadas por deficiência de Cu. Três fatores parecem ser responsáveis pela deficiência de Cu: 1) altos teores de Fe na pastagem e na água; 2) ocasionalmente baixos teores de Cu na pastagem; e 3) ingestão de S acima dos requerimentos, devido aos teores ocasionalmente altos na pastagem e na água. O surto descrito é similar a outros surtos de morte súbita em bovinos descritos no sul do Rio Grande do Sul durante o inverno, que foram, também, associados a baixos teores de cobre no fígado. As regiões onde ocorre a enfermidade são caracterizadas por solos arenosos e ácidos com inundações freqüentes durante o inverno. Em solos ácidos periodicamente inundáveis o ferro é solubilizado e absorvido pelas plantas, diminuindo o conteúdo de Cu na forragem e aumentando os teores de Fe. Esta parece ser a maior razão para a deficiência de cobre na região.