PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

RESUMO.- Rodrigues C.A., Luvizoto M.C.R., Alves A.L.G., Teodoro P.H.M. & Gregório E.A. 2010. Digital dermatitis of the accessory digits of dairy cows. [Dermatite digital nos dígitos acessórios de vacas leiteiras.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(3):246-248. Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Araçatuba, Rua Clovis Pestana 793, Araçatuba, SP 16050-680, Brazil. E-mail: celrodri@fmva.unesp.br Esse estudo caracteriza lesões de dermatite digital (DD) nos dígitos acessórios de vacas leiteiras, além de apresentar a terapia aplicada. Foram utilizados 15 bovinos leiteiros da raça Holandês com DD nos dígitos acessórios dos membros pélvicos. Os animais eram provenientes de quatro fazendas leiteiras com histórico prévio de dermatite digital (DD). Todos os quinze animais foram tratados da mesma forma: após excisão das lesões e sutura das feridas cutâneas, aplicou-se oxitetraciclina pó topicamente sob bandagem e oxitetraciclina (20mg/kg) de longa ação, via intramuscular. Obtiveram-se amostras de tecidos para histopatologia, inclusive por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET). Observou-se cicatrização em todos os animais após 15 dias do procedimento cirúrgico. A maioria das lesões macroscópicas foram projeções papilomatosas ou em forma de verrugas. Os achados histopatológicos de todas as amostras revelaram hiperplasia da epiderme com hiperceratose, inúmeras mitoses no estrato basal, com invasões alongadas em forma de rede na derme superficial e intermediária. A MET evidenciou organismos com formas longas, afiladas e espiraladas, presumivelmente espiroquetas. Tanto as características morfológicas, quanto a resposta à terapia das lesões foram comparáveis às descritas para DD.

• Dewclaws digital dermatitis papillomatosis

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Rodrigues C.A., Luvizoto M.C.R., Alves A.L.G., Teodoro P.H.M. & Gregório E.A. 2010. Digital dermatitis of the accessory digits of dairy cows. [Dermatite digital nos dígitos acessórios de vacas leiteiras.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(3):246-248. Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Araçatuba, Rua Clovis Pestana 793, Araçatuba, SP 16050-680, Brazil. E-mail: celrodri@fmva.unesp.br This report characterizes the digital dermatitis (DD) lesions in the accessory digits of dairy cows and presents data on the applied therapy. Fifteen Holstein cattle with DD affecting the accessory digits of the hindlimbs from four dairy farms with previous history of DD were evaluated. Lesions were excised, the wounds were sutured, and a topical application of oxytetracycline powder covered by bandaging was associated with a single parenteral administration of long acting oxytetracycline IM (20mg/kg). Tissue samples were obtained for histopathology and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). Lesions from all the animals were recuperated 15 days after surgical procedure. Overal, most DD lesions were papillomatous epidermal projections or wartlike verrucous lesions. Histopathologically, samples revealed hyperplasia of epidermis with hyperkeratosis, several mitoses in the stratum basale and elongated rete ridges in the superficial and middle dermis. TEM revealed long, thin spirochete-like bacteria. Morphologic features of lesions and its response to therapy were comparable to those described for DD.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Langoni H., Sakiyama D.T.P., Guimarães F.F., Menozzi B.D. & Silva R.C. 2009. [Cytological and microbiological aspects of milk in farms with an organic system of production.] Aspectos citológicos e microbiológicos do leite em propriedades no sistema orgânico de produção. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(11):881-886. Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu, Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618-000. E-mail: hlangoni@fmvz.unesp.br Nowadays, farmers have great interest in milk production within an organic system due to the consumers’ claim for natural products. The purpose of this paper was to study the cytological and microbiological quality of milk produced by four farms in the county of Botucatu, SP, which use organic system management. A total of 150 mammary gland milk samples were tested by CMT and Somatic Cell Count (SCC/mL milk), microbiological examination, and Colony Former Unit Count (CFU mesophile microrganisms/mL milk). From these individual milk samples, 66 (44.0%) were CMT positive. Corynebacterium bovis was isolated from 37.9% milk samples, Staphylococcus aureus from 18.2%, S. epidermidis from 15.2%, Streptococcus uberis from 3.0%, and S. dysgalactiae from 3.0%. Association of at least two different bacteria species was observed in 7.6% samples. In respect to the whole milk of each farm, the SCC/mL values were in normal limits on three of them (i.e. lower than 400x103), and considering the CFU/mL, on three farms high levels were observed (8,5x105; 1,5x106; 4,1x105). From the individual milk samples, contagious mastitis pathogens were isolated predominantly, but environmental microorganisms were detected from the whole milk, as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, probably due to contamination during and/or after milking. The results suggest that more than mastitis problems, the four farms studied have hygienic deficiencies, what strengthens the importance of sanitary education to achieve a better milk hygiene quality.

• Mastite

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Langoni H., Sakiyama D.T.P., Guimarães F.F., Menozzi B.D. & Silva R.C. 2009. [Cytological and microbiological aspects of milk in farms with an organic system of production.] Aspectos citológicos e microbiológicos do leite em propriedades no sistema orgânico de produção. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(11):881-886. Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu, Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618-000. E-mail: hlangoni@fmvz.unesp.br A produção de leite no sistema orgânico tem despertado o interesse dos produtores rurais, pelo aumento de consumo de produtos naturais. Estudaram-se os aspectos citológicos e microbiológicos do leite no sistema orgânico de produção em quatro propriedades no município de Botucatu, SP, utilizando métodos como CMT, exame microbiológico das amostras positivas, contagem de células somáticas (CCS/mL de leite) e Contagem de Unidades Formadoras de Colônias (UFC de microrganismos mesófilos/mL de leite) em amostras individuais de leite em animais com pelo menos um teto positivo ao CMT. Foi também realizado a CCS/mL de leite e UFC/mL de leite, e exame microbiológico de amostras de leite do conjunto (tanque) de cada propriedade. Das 150 glândulas mamárias examinadas, 66 (44,00%) amostras foram positivas ao CMT, com isolamento de Corynebacterium bovis em 37,90%, Staphylococcus aureus (18,20%), S. epidermidis (15,20%), Streptococcus uberis (3,00%) e S. dysgalactiae (3,00%), e isolamento de mais de um agente bacteriano em 7,60% das amostras. Os valores de CCS/mL das amostras do leite de conjunto estiveram dentro dos limites de normalidade em três das quatro propriedades (< 400x103), por outro lado considerando a UFC/mL em três das quatro propriedades observou-se altos índices (8,5x105; 1,5x106; 4,1x105). Obteve-se o isolamento de microrganismos ambientais, como Escherichia coli e Pseudomonas aeruginosa, sugerindo a contaminação do leite durante ou após a ordenha, o que reforça a importância de atividades de educação sanitária para obtenção higiênica do leite.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Miyakawa V.I., Reis A.C.F. & Lisbôa J.A.N. 2009. [Epidemiological and clinical features of stephanofilariasis in dairy cows and diagnosis methods confrontation.] Aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos da estefanofilariose em vacas leiteiras e comparação entre métodos de diagnóstico. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(11):887-893. Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. E-mail: janlisboa@uel.br Stephanofilariasis is a worldwide disease caused by the nematode Stephanofilaria that determines skin lesions. In cattle, the chronic dermatitis is characteristic begining with papules that progress to nodules, alopecia and ulcers with crusts. Despite it’s long time recognition, there are few studies and reports about this disease, specially in Brazil. This work was conducted in order to investigate epidemiological and clinical features of stephanofilariasis in dairy cows and to compare two methods for the diagnosis confirmation. Fifty-eight naturally affected dairy cows from seven herds located in Santana do Itararé, state of Paraná, and Itaberá, state of São Paulo, were studied from January 2006 through August 2008. Two methods for the diagnosis confirmation were compared using biopsied tissues from the border of the skin lesion: the histopathological examination (n=24) and the direct sediment examination of an isotonic saline solution in which the tissue fragment remained soaked (n=20). The prevalence was higher from December to March (57%) and lactating cows were primarily affected (87,9%). The cranial aspect of the fore mammary glands was the main site of the skin lesions (96,7%), chiefly near the ventral midline (55%). The characteristic wound was of circular shape, ulcerated with crusts and serosanguineous exudation. Chronic dermatitis with eosinophilic and mononuclaer cell infiltrates was the histopathologic change pattern present. The parasite was not detected in any histologic section examined. The direct sediment examination otherwise proved to be efficient for the diagnosis confirmation revealing the nematode adult and larval forms in all the specimens.

• Estefanofilariose Stephanofilaria sp.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Miyakawa V.I., Reis A.C.F. & Lisbôa J.A.N. 2009. [Epidemiological and clinical features of stephanofilariasis in dairy cows and diagnosis methods confrontation.] Aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos da estefanofilariose em vacas leiteiras e comparação entre métodos de diagnóstico. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(11):887-893. Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. E-mail: janlisboa@uel.br A estefanofilariose é uma doença mundialmente distribuída e caracteriza-se por lesões na pele causadas por nematódeo do gênero Stephanofilaria. Nos bovinos manifesta-se por uma dermatite crônica associada com erupção papular progredindo para nódulos, alopecia e ulceração crostosa. Apesar de reconhecida há muitos anos, há poucos estudos e relatos sobre a mesma. A literatura é particularmente escassa no Brasil. Esse trabalho teve como objetivos investigar aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos da estefanofilariose em vacas leiteiras naturalmente acometidas e comparar dois métodos para a confirmação do diagnóstico, o exame histopatológico e o exame direto. Foram investigados aspectos clínicos relacionados à ocorrência natural da estefanofilariose em 58 vacas de leite de sete rebanhos criados nos municípios de Santana do Itararé, PR e de Itaberá, SP durante o período de janeiro de 2006 a agosto de 2008. Dois métodos foram comparados para confirmação do diagnóstico a partir de tecido colhido por biópsia da borda das lesões, o histopatológico (n=24) e o exame direto do sedimento da solução salina isotônica na qual o tecido permaneceu embebido (n=20). A maior prevalência ocorreu de dezembro a março (57%) e a maioria das vacas era lactante (87,9%). As lesões se localizavam nos quartos anteriores do úbere em seu aspecto cranial (96,7%), principalmente próximo à linha média (55%). A lesão típica tinha formato circular era ulcerada com crostas e exibia exsudato sero-sanguinolento. No exame histopatológico evidenciou-se uma dermatite crônica com infiltrado mononuclear e eosinofílico. A presença do parasita não foi detectada em nenhum dos cortes examinados. O exame direto possibilitou a demonstração do agente em todas as amostras examinadas, comprovando-se como um método eficiente para a confirmação do diagnóstico.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Silveira J.A.S., Albernaz T.T., Oliveira C.M.C., Duarte M.D. & Barbosa J.D. 2009. [Foot disorders in cows from basin milk of Rondon do Pará.] Afecções podais em vacas da bacia leiteira de Rondon do Pará. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(11):905-909. Central de Diagnóstico Veterinário, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Maximino Porpino da Silva 1000, Pirapora, Castanhal, PA 68743-080, Brazil. E-mail: jalcides@ufpa.br Foot diseases are some of the main causes of low performance in dairy cows. In order to determine the prevalence, clinical classification and to establish the epidemio-logical factors of foot diseases in cows from basin milk of Rondon do Pará, 1,236 cows were evaluated and 275 had at least one type of foot injury. A total of 655 lesions was showed which a prevalence of 22.25%. Most frequent lesions were interdigital hyperplasia (80.92%), claw overgrowth (6.42%), and interdigital necrobacillosis (6.11%). Hind limbs were most frequently affected (61.83%), and lesions affecting the interdigital space were the most common in both the thoracic (36.34%) and hind limbs (48.09%). Epidemiological study showed that the environmental characteristics such as mountainous areas, newly formed grassland (with trunks and branches of trees), irregular ground, and mud and gravel in the floor of the pens may promote the development of foot lesions. In 95.5% of the farms, no measures had been taken for the control and prophylaxis of foot diseases. The specific clinical examination of the feet was efficient for the diagnosis.

• Afecções podais

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Silveira J.A.S., Albernaz T.T., Oliveira C.M.C., Duarte M.D. & Barbosa J.D. 2009. [Foot disorders in cows from basin milk of Rondon do Pará.] Afecções podais em vacas da bacia leiteira de Rondon do Pará. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(11):905-909. Central de Diagnóstico Veterinário, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Maximino Porpino da Silva 1000, Pirapora, Castanhal, PA 68743-080, Brazil. E-mail: jalcides@ufpa.br As doenças digitais estão entre as principais causas de performance reduzida de rebanhos leiteiros. Com o objetivo de determinar a prevalência, classificar clinicamente e estabelecer os fatores epidemiológicos das enfermidades podais em vacas da bacia leiteira de Rondon do Pará, foram avaliadas 1.236 vacas, das quais 275 apresentaram pelo menos um tipo de lesão podal. Identificou-se 655 lesões, o que resultou em uma prevalência de 22,25%. As enfermidades mais frequentes foram hiperplasia interdigital (80,92%), necrobacilose interdigital (6,11%) e cascos com crescimento excessivo (6,42%). Os membros pélvicos foram os mais acometidos (61,83%) e o espaço interdigital, tanto nos membros torácicos (36,34%), quanto nos pélvicos (48,09%), a região digital acometida com maior frequência. O estudo epidemiológico mostrou que características ambientais tais como relevo montanhoso, pastagem em formação com presença de troncos e galhos de árvores, irregularidades nos pisos dos currais, presença de piçarra e lama podem favorecer o aparecimento das lesões podais. Constatou-se a ausência de medidas de controle e profilaxia de afecções que acometem os cascos em 95,5% das propriedades estudadas. O exame clínico específico do casco foi eficiente no diagnóstico das enfermidades.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Suárez V.H. & Busetti M.R. 2009. Health management practices and disease prevalence in dairy sheep systems in Argentina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(11):931-937. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria de Anguil, INTA, CC 11, 6326 Anguil, La Pampa, Argentina. E-mail: vsuarez@anguil.inta.gov.ar A cross-sectional survey of 19 dairy sheep farms in Argentina was carried out with the purpose to know farm management, health practices, and occurrence and mortality of diseases. The survey comprised 40% of all sheep milking farms in Argentina. A questionnaire was conducted by way of personal interviews with sheep owners during farm visits. The proportions of farms reporting routine vaccination for clostridial diseases, contagious ecthyma, pneumonia and mineral and vitamin parenteral administration were 63%, 47.3%, 16.6% and 42.1% respectively. Regular treatment against lice was used in 37.5% of the farms, and 89.5% o the farmers treated against gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN). The mean number of GIN drenches per farm was 2.26±1.78 annually. In 68.4% of the milking flocks the California Mastitis Test was regularly done and 55.6% of the farmer managers had sampled their flocks once a year for Brucella ovis antibodies. During the pre-mating period respectively 68.4% and 50% of farmers clinically examined their rams and ewe for general health and teeth condition. The udders of ewes were frequently inspected at the start of each milking period. The most important parasite problems noticed were GIN (reported by 57.9% of farmers), lice (57.9%) and scabies (10.5%) and the most frequent infectious diseases were ecthyma (73.7%), pneumonia and other respiratory problems (57.9%), clinical mastitis (55.6%), clostridial diseases (36.9%) and foot lameness (35.2%). Photosensitivity (47.4%) and ruminal acidosis (42.1%) were reported as other frequent toxic or metabolic disorders. Owners mentioned that the mean lifespan or milk productive time per ewe was 4.5±1.4 years. Perinatal lamb mortality was 8.5% and the total flock mortality rates, above the first 24 h of life was 6.9%. The high rates of lamb mortality during the pre-weaning (10.3%) and post-weaning (5.9%) periods indicate that this problem, as well as the most prevalent diseases, should be the subject of further studies.

• Nematódeos gastrintestinais piolhos sarna ectima contagioso mastite clostridioses laminite fotossensibilização acidose ruminal

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Suárez V.H. & Busetti M.R. 2009. Health management practices and disease prevalence in dairy sheep systems in Argentina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(11):931-937. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria de Anguil, INTA, CC 11, 6326 Anguil, La Pampa, Argentina. E-mail: vsuarez@anguil.inta.gov.ar Foi realizado um levantamento longitudinal em 19 fazendas de ovinos leiteiros na Argentina com o objetivo de conhecer práticas de manejo, medidas sanitárias e ocorrência e freqüência das enfermidades. O levantamento incluiu 40% de todas as fazendas do país que produzem leite ovino. Um questionário foi utilizado com entrevistas pessoais com os ovinocultores durante visita às fazendas. A percentagem de fazendas que relataram vacinação rotineira contra clostridioses, ectima contagioso, pneumonia e administração parenteral de minerais e vitaminas foi 63%, 47,3%, 16,6% e 42,1%, respectivamente. Parte dos produtores (37,5%) realizava tratamento regularmente contra piolhos e 89,5% contra nematódeos gastrintestinais. O número médio de tratamentos anti-helmínticos anuais, por fazenda, era de 2,26+1,78. Em 68,4% dos rebanhos leiteiros o Califórnia Mastite Teste (CMT) era regularmente realizado e 55,6% dos produtores colhiam amostras de seus rebanhos uma vez por ano para diagnóstico de Brucella ovis. Durante o período de pré-acasalamento 68,4% e 50% dos produtores examinavam clinicamente seus carneiros e a condição geral e de dentes de suas ovelhas. O úbere das ovelhas era geralmente inspecionado no início da ordenha. Os principais problemas parasitários eram nematódeos gastrintestinais (mencionado por 57,9% dos produtores), piolhos (57,9%) e sarna (10,5%) e as doenças infecciosas mais frequentes foram ectima contagioso (73,7%), pneumonia e outros problemas respiratórios (57,9%), mastite clínica (55,6%), clostridioses (36,9%) e laminite (35,2%). Fotossensibilização (47,4%) e acidose ruminal (42,1%) foram relatadas como as principais desordens tóxicas ou metabólicas. Na visão dos produtores, a expectativa de vida produtiva ou o tempo de produção de leite por ovelha era de 4,5+1,4 anos. A mortalidade perinatal foi de 8,5% e a taxa de mortalidade total do rebanho, depois das primeiras 24 horas de vida, foi de 6,9%. As altas taxas de mortalidade de cordeiros durante os períodos de pré-desmame (10,3%) e pós-desmame (5,9%) indicam que isto, assim como as doenças mais prevalentes, deve ser tema de mais estudos.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Mota P.M.P.C., Pires P.S., Assis R.A. Salvarani F.M., Leite R.M.H., Dias L.D., Leite R.C., Lobato F.C.F., Guedes R.M.C. & Lage A.P. 2009. Paratuberculosis in a dairy Gyr herd in the State of Paraíba, Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(9):703-706. Laboratório de Bacteriologia Aplicada, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Cx. Postal 567, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil. E-mail: alage@vet.ufmg.br This paper describes the clinical, pathological, and microbiologic aspects of paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease) in a dairy Gyr herd in the State of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. An eight years old cow with chronic unresponsive diarrhea was clinically examined and euthanized for pathological evaluation. Fecal samples from all 160 animals over 12 months of age from the herd were collected for isolation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Clinically, the index case cow was severely dehydrated, cachectic, with profuse mucous diarrhea. The main post-mortem findings were emaciation and thickened intestinal wall. Microscopically, the intestinal lamina propria and submucosa were infiltrated by macrophages, epithelioid cells, and Langhans giant cells with numerous alcohol-acid resistant bacilli in the cytoplasm. Two fecal samples displayed growth in slants of Herrold’s egg-yolk agar supplemented with mycobactin J, 150 days after incubation. No growth was noticed in slants without mycobactin J. Microscopic examination of the isolated microorganisms stained by Ziehl-Neelsen revealed considerable amounts of alcohol-acid resistant bacilli, morphologically compatible with Mycobacterium spp. Based on the clinical signs, gross and histological lesions, growth time, bacterial morphology in Ziehl-Neelsen staining, and dependence of mycobactin J, the first diagnosis of paratuberculosis in Zebu cattle was made.

• Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis paratuberculosis paratuberculose

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Mota P.M.P.C., Pires P.S., Assis R.A. Salvarani F.M., Leite R.M.H., Dias L.D., Leite R.C., Lobato F.C.F., Guedes R.M.C. & Lage A.P. 2009. Paratuberculosis in a dairy Gyr herd in the State of Paraíba, Brazil. [Paratuberculose em um rebanho Gir leiteiro no Estado da Paraíba Brasil.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(9):703-706. Laboratório de Bacteriologia Aplicada, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Cx. Postal 567, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil. E-mail: alage@vet.ufmg.br Objetivou-se descrever os aspectos clínicos, anátomo-histopatológicos e microbiológicos da paratuberculose em um rebanho Gir leiteiro no Estado da Paraíba. Uma vaca de oito anos que apresentava diarréia persistente, refratária a tratamento foi necropsiada para estudo anátamo-histopatológico. Também foram coletadas amostras de fezes de todos os 160 animais do plantel, com idade superior a 12 meses, para tentativa de isolamento de Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Ao exame clínico, o animal caso índice apresentou caquexia, diarréia profusa e desidratação grave. À necropsia, o animal apresentou-se emaciado e, ao exame detalhado do trato digestivo, foi observado espessamento da parede e superfície mucosa do íleo e intestino grosso. À microscopia, verificou-se intensa infiltração de macrófagos espumosos associado a raras células epiteliódes e gigantes do tipo Langerhans na lâmina própria e submucosa. À coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen foram observadas miríade de bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes no citoplasma destas células. Houve crescimento de colônias bacterianas em duas das 160 amostras de fezes após 150 dias de incubação em tubos com meio Herrold’s egg-yolk suplementados com micobactina J e ausência de crescimento nos tubos com mesmo meio, mas sem suplementação. Os microrganismos isolados foram corados pelo Ziehl-Neelsen observando-se presença de grande quantidade de bacilos álcool-ácido resistente, com morfologia compatível ao gênero Mycobacterium. Baseado na história clínica, achados anátomo-histopatológicos e histoquímicos (Ziehl-Neelsen), e microbiológicos, firmou-se o primeiro diagnóstico de paratuberculose em Zebu na Paraíba.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Medeiros E.S., Mota R.A., Santos M.V., Freitas M.F.L. Pinheiro Jr J.W. & Teles J.A. A. 2009. [In vitro antimicrobial sensitivity to Staphylococcus spp. isolates from dairy cows with subclinical mastitis.] Sensibilidade antimicrobiana in vitro de Staphylococcus spp. isoladas do leite de vacas com mastite subclínica. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(7):569-574. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 51171-900, Brazil. E-mail: rinaldo.mota@hotmail.com The objective of the investigation was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial sensibility of 291 isolates of Staphylococcus spp., taken from the mammary glands of dairy cows with subclinical mastitis in the regions of Metropolitan Recife (A), Agreste (B) and Zona da Mata (C) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. From the 291 isolates, 170 (58.4%) were identified as negative coagulase Staphylococcus (SCN), 84 (28.9%) as Staphylococcus aureus, and 37 (12.7%) as positive coagulase Staphylococcus (SCP). To study sensitivity to antimicrobials, the diffusion in disks method was used with 16 antimicrobial drugs commonly employed in the treatment of mastitis. The most efficient antibiotic in vitro was the combination of neomicine + bacitracine + tetracycline with percentages of 98.4%, 99.3%, and 89.7% for the A, B, and C regions, respectively. The least efficient was ampicillin, which was resistant to 56.5% of the isolates taken from region A, 72.8% from region B, and 71.8% from region C. These results indicate the need for periodic testing of sensitivity in vitro, as these variations can compromise the treatment of animals as well as control programs for bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus spp.

• Milk mastitis antimicrobial sensitivity Staphylococcus spp

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Medeiros E.S., Mota R.A., Santos M.V., Freitas M.F.L. Pinheiro Jr J.W. & Teles J.A. A. 2009. [In vitro antimicrobial sensitivity to Staphylococcus spp. isolates from dairy cows with subclinical mastitis.] Sensibilidade antimicrobiana in vitro de Staphylococcus spp. isoladas do leite de vacas com mastite subclínica. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(7):569-574. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 51171-900, Brazil. E-mail: rinaldo.mota@hotmail.com The objective of the investigation was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial sensibility of 291 isolates of Staphylococcus spp., taken from the mammary glands of dairy cows with subclinical mastitis in the regions of Metropolitan Recife (A), Agreste (B) and Zona da Mata (C) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. From the 291 isolates, 170 (58.4%) were identified as negative coagulase Staphylococcus (SCN), 84 (28.9%) as Staphylococcus aureus, and 37 (12.7%) as positive coagulase Staphylococcus (SCP). To study sensitivity to antimicrobials, the diffusion in disks method was used with 16 antimicrobial drugs commonly employed in the treatment of mastitis. The most efficient antibiotic in vitro was the combination of neomicine + bacitracine + tetracycline with percentages of 98.4%, 99.3%, and 89.7% for the A, B, and C regions, respectively. The least efficient was ampicillin, which was resistant to 56.5% of the isolates taken from region A, 72.8% from region B, and 71.8% from region C. These results indicate the need for periodic testing of sensitivity in vitro, as these variations can compromise the treatment of animals as well as control programs for bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus spp.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Costa E.A., Bastianetto E., Vasconcelos A.C., Bomfim M.R.Q., Fonseca F.G., Gomes A.D., Leite R.C. & Resende M. 2009. An outbreak of malignant catarrhal fever in Murrah buffaloes in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(5):395-400. Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil. E-mail: lvc@icb.ufmg.br An outbreak of Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF) resulted in death of five female buffaloes and one domestic cow from the same farm. Four buffaloes died 10-15 days after the appearance of clinical signs, while the fifth was euthanized in extremis, after similar clinical signs. Histopathological lesions included multifocal histiolymphocytic epicarditis, myocarditis and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, which are commonly seen in cases of MCF in buffaloes. Furthermore, lymphocytic vasculitis centered in the adventitia, with occasional fibrinoid necrosis in the muscular layer, was found in the kidneys, liver, spleen, lymph nodes and brain. Nucleotide sequencing of DNA fragments from the central nervous system amplified by PCR revealed 98% similarity with known OHV-2 sequences from Genbank. Additionally, PCR analysis also revealed the presence of OHV-2 DNA in the peripheral mononuclear blood cells of two clinically healthy buffaloes. The diagnosis of MCF was based on epidemiological, clinical, gross and histopathological findings and on the results of a semi-nested PCR followed by nucleotide sequencing.

• Diseases of buffaloes doenças de búfalos gammaherpesviruses gammaherpesvirus malignant catarrhal fever

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Costa E.A., Bastianetto E., Vasconcelos A.C., Bomfim M.R.Q., Fonseca F.G., Gomes A.D., Leite R.C. & Resende M. 2009. An outbreak of malignant catarrhal fever in Murrah buffaloes in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(5):395-400. Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil. E-mail: lvc@icb.ufmg.br An outbreak of Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF) resulted in death of five female buffaloes and one domestic cow from the same farm. Four buffaloes died 10-15 days after the appearance of clinical signs, while the fifth was euthanized in extremis, after similar clinical signs. Histopathological lesions included multifocal histiolymphocytic epicarditis, myocarditis and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, which are commonly seen in cases of MCF in buffaloes. Furthermore, lymphocytic vasculitis centered in the adventitia, with occasional fibrinoid necrosis in the muscular layer, was found in the kidneys, liver, spleen, lymph nodes and brain. Nucleotide sequencing of DNA fragments from the central nervous system amplified by PCR revealed 98% similarity with known OHV-2 sequences from Genbank. Additionally, PCR analysis also revealed the presence of OHV-2 DNA in the peripheral mononuclear blood cells of two clinically healthy buffaloes. The diagnosis of MCF was based on epidemiological, clinical, gross and histopathological findings and on the results of a semi-nested PCR followed by nucleotide sequencing.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Dalto A.G.C., Bandarra P.M., Pedroso P.M., Guagnini F.S., Leal J.S., Raymundo D.L., Driemeier D. 2009. [Leguminous bloat in dairy cattle on Trifolium spp. pastures.] Timpanismo espumoso em bovinos leiteiros em pastagens de Trifolium sp. (Leg.Caesalpinoideae). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(5):401-403. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br Leguminous bloat may occur in cattle which graze pastures consisting of lush forages. In a dairy farm located on the municipality of São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul, eight out of 66 cows died suddenly after being transferred to a paddock whose pastures were composed of Trifolium repens and Trifolium pratense. Animals were found dead in the morning of the next day after being transferred; no clinical signs were noticed. Main gross findings included enhanced abdominal volume, protrusion and congestion of the tongue and vagina, ruminal distension, pale liver, and enhanced spleen. Histologically, there were lung congestion and edema, and splenic lymphoid hyperplasia. The evidence of leguminous forages consumption associated with the pathological findings and the absence of growth on bacteriology confirmed the diagnosis.

• Bloat Trifolium pratense Trifolium repens Timpanismo Trifolium pratense Trifolium repens Leguminosae Caesalpinoideae

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Dalto A.G.C., Bandarra P.M., Pedroso P.M., Guagnini F.S., Leal J.S., Raymundo D.L., Driemeier D. 2009. [Leguminous bloat in dairy cattle on Trifolium spp. pastures.] Timpanismo espumoso em bovinos leiteiros em pastagens de Trifolium sp. (Leg.Caesalpinoideae). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(5):401-403. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br Leguminous bloat may occur in cattle which graze pastures consisting of lush forages. In a dairy farm located on the municipality of São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul, eight out of 66 cows died suddenly after being transferred to a paddock whose pastures were composed of Trifolium repens and Trifolium pratense. Animals were found dead in the morning of the next day after being transferred; no clinical signs were noticed. Main gross findings included enhanced abdominal volume, protrusion and congestion of the tongue and vagina, ruminal distension, pale liver, and enhanced spleen. Histologically, there were lung congestion and edema, and splenic lymphoid hyperplasia. The evidence of leguminous forages consumption associated with the pathological findings and the absence of growth on bacteriology confirmed the diagnosis.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Ribeiro M.G., Geraldo J.S., Langoni H., Lara G.H.B., Siqueira A.K., Salerno T. & Fernandes M.C. 2008. [Pathogenic microorganisms, somatic cell count and drug residues evaluation in organic bovine milk.] Microrganismos patogênicos, celularidade e resíduos de antimicrobianos no leite produzido no sistema orgânico. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(1):52-58. Disciplina de Enfermidades Infecciosas dos Animais, Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil. E-mail: mgribeiro@fmvz.unesp.br In last years increase the importance of milk quality and conditions of bovine milking. Simultaneously, increase the interest about organic milk and derivates. The aim of present study was investigate the milk pathogens, sensitivity and multiple drug resistance of isolates, somatic cell count and residues of drugs in milk, from cattle with and without mastitis, come from four little organic dairy farms in State of São Paulo, Brazil. Were used 148 cattle on the middle period of lactation. From these, two showed clinical mastitis, 72 subclinical mastitis and 74 without signs of mammary inflammation (control). Staphylococcus aureus (25.7%), Streptococcus spp. (21.4%), Corynebacterium bovis (12.9%), Streptococcus agalactiae (4.3%) and Staphylococcus spp (4,3%) were the more-frequent microorganisms isolated from animals with mastitis. Aspergillus spp. was isolated from one animal. Ceftiofur (95.2%), oxacillin (84.2%), gentamicin (76.3%) and cefoperazone (70.3%) were the more effective drugs. High resistance of isolates were found to penicillin (53.5%), ampicillin (41.6%) and neomycin (38.6%). Multiple drug resistance to three or more drug was observed in 40 (39.6%) isolates. Media of somatic cell count encountered in animals with mastitis and controls were 175,742.67cs/mL and 58,227.6 cs/mL, respectively. Antimicrobials residues in milk were detected in four (2.7%) animals. The present findings showed the low somatic cell count of animals, indicative of good quality of milk. However, pointed the need of control measures for contagious pathogens of bovine mastitis and more attention for prohibition of antimicrobial use in organic dairy farms.

• Organic milk mastitis bovine somatic cell count antimicrobials multiresistance

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Ribeiro M.G., Geraldo J.S., Langoni H., Lara G.H.B., Siqueira A.K., Salerno T. & Fernandes M.C. 2008. [Pathogenic microorganisms, somatic cell count and drug residues evaluation in organic bovine milk.] Microrganismos patogênicos, celularidade e resíduos de antimicrobianos no leite produzido no sistema orgânico. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(1):52-58. Disciplina de Enfermidades Infecciosas dos Animais, Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil. E-mail: mgribeiro@fmvz.unesp.br In last years increase the importance of milk quality and conditions of bovine milking. Simultaneously, increase the interest about organic milk and derivates. The aim of present study was investigate the milk pathogens, sensitivity and multiple drug resistance of isolates, somatic cell count and residues of drugs in milk, from cattle with and without mastitis, come from four little organic dairy farms in State of São Paulo, Brazil. Were used 148 cattle on the middle period of lactation. From these, two showed clinical mastitis, 72 subclinical mastitis and 74 without signs of mammary inflammation (control). Staphylococcus aureus (25.7%), Streptococcus spp. (21.4%), Corynebacterium bovis (12.9%), Streptococcus agalactiae (4.3%) and Staphylococcus spp (4,3%) were the more-frequent microorganisms isolated from animals with mastitis. Aspergillus spp. was isolated from one animal. Ceftiofur (95.2%), oxacillin (84.2%), gentamicin (76.3%) and cefoperazone (70.3%) were the more effective drugs. High resistance of isolates were found to penicillin (53.5%), ampicillin (41.6%) and neomycin (38.6%). Multiple drug resistance to three or more drug was observed in 40 (39.6%) isolates. Media of somatic cell count encountered in animals with mastitis and controls were 175,742.67cs/mL and 58,227.6 cs/mL, respectively. Antimicrobials residues in milk were detected in four (2.7%) animals. The present findings showed the low somatic cell count of animals, indicative of good quality of milk. However, pointed the need of control measures for contagious pathogens of bovine mastitis and more attention for prohibition of antimicrobial use in organic dairy farms.