PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Weiss M., Vogel F.S.F., Martins M., Weiblen R., Roehe P.M., Franco A.C. & Flores E.F. 2010. Genital immunization of heifers with a glycoprotein E-deleted, recombinant bovine herpesvirus 1 strain confers protection upon challenge with a virulent isolate. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(1):42-50. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. E-mail: eduardofurtadoflores@gmail.com Venereal infection of seronegative heifers and cows with bovine herpesvirus type 1.2 (BoHV-1.2) frequently results in vulvovaginitis and transient infertility. Parenteral immunization with inactivated or modified live BoHV-1 vaccines often fails in conferring protection upon genital challenge. We herein report an evaluation of the immune response and protection conferred by genital vaccination of heifers with a glycoprotein E-deleted recombinant virus (SV265gE-). A group of six seronegative heifers was vaccinated with SV265gE- (0,2mL containing 106.9TCID50) in the vulva submucosa (group IV); four heifers were vaccinated intramuscularly (group IM, 1mL containing 107.6TCID50) and four heifers remained as non-vaccinated controls. Heifers vaccinated IV developed mild, transient local edema and hyperemia and shed low amounts of virus for a few days after vaccination, yet a sentinel heifer maintained in close contact did not seroconvert. Attempts to reactivate the vaccine virus in two IV vaccinated heifers by intravenous administration of dexamethasone (0.5mg/kg) at day 70 pv failed since no virus shedding, recrudescence of genital signs or seroconversion were observed. At day 70 pv, all vaccinated and control heifers were challenged by genital inoculation of a highly virulent BoHV-1.2 isolate (SV-56/90, 107.1TCID50/animal). After challenge, virus shedding was detected in genital secretions of control animals for 8.2 days (8-9); in the IM group for 6.2 days (4-8 days) and during 5.2 days (5-6 days) in the IV group. Control non-vaccinated heifers developed moderate (2/4) or severe (2/4) vulvovaginitis lasting 9 to 13 days (x: 10.7 days). The disease was characterized by vulvar edema, vulvo-vestibular congestion, vesicles progressing to coalescence and erosions, fibrino-necrotic plaques and fibrinopurulent exudate. IM vaccinated heifers developed mild (1/3) or moderate (3/4) genital lesions, lasting 10 to 12 days (x: 10.7 days); and IV vaccinated heifers developed mild and transient vulvovaginitis (3/4) or mild to moderate genital lesions (1/4). In the IV group, the clinical signs lasted 4 to 8 days (x: 5.5 days). Clinical examination of the animals after challenge revealed that vaccination by both routes conferred some degree of protection, yet IV vaccination was clearly more effective in reducing the severity and duration of clinical disease. Furthermore, IV vaccination reduced the period of virus shedding in comparison with both groups. Taken together, these results demonstrate that SV265gE- is sufficiently attenuated upon IV vaccination in a low-titer dosis, is not readily reactivated after corticosteroid treatment and lastly, and more importantly, confers local protection upon challenge with a high titer of a virulent heterologous BoHV-1 isolate. Therefore, the use of this recombinant for genital immunization may be considered for prevention of BoHV-1-associated genital disease in the field.

• Bovine herpesvirus BoHV-1.2 vulvovaginitis

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Weiss M., Vogel F.S.F., Martins M., Weiblen R., Roehe P.M., Franco A.C. & Flores E.F. 2010. Genital immunization of heifers with a glycoprotein E-deleted, recombinant bovine herpesvirus 1 strain confers protection upon challenge with a virulent isolate. [Imunização genital de bezerras com uma cepa recombinante do herpesvírus bovino tipo 1 defectiva na glicoproteína E confere proteção frente a desafio com um isolado virulento.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(1):42-50. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. E-mail: eduardofurtadoflores@gmail.com A infecção genital de novilhas ou vacas soronegativas pelo herpesvírus bovino tipo 1.2 (BoHV-1.2) pode resultar em vulvovaginite e infertilidade temporária. As vacinas atenuadas ou inativadas administradas pela via parenteral freqüentemente conferem proteção incompleta frente a desafio pela via genital. Este estudo relata uma avaliação da resposta imunológica e proteção conferida pela vacinação genital de bezerras soronegativas com uma cepa recombinante do BoHV-1 defectiva na glicoproteína E (SV265gE-). Um grupo de seis bezerras foi vacinado com a cepa SV265gE- (0,2mL contendo 106,9TCID50) na submucosa da vulva (grupo IV); quatro bezerras foram vacinadas pela via intramuscular (IM; dose 107,6TCID50) e quatro bezerras permaneceram como controles não-vacinadas. As bezerras vacinadas pela via IV apresentaram edema e hiperemia leve e transitório na vulva e excretaram vírus em títulos baixos por alguns dias após a vacinação, porém uma bezerra soronegativa mantida em contato não soroconverteu. Administração de dexametasona pela via intravenosa no dia 70pv (0,5mg/kg) em duas bezerras vacinadas pela via IV não resultou em excreção viral, recrudescência clínica ou soroconversão. No dia 70pv, as bezerras vacinadas e as controle foram desafiadas pela inoculação genital da cepa de BoHV-1.2 altamente virulenta SV-56/90 (107.1TCID50/animal). Após o desafio, excreção viral nas secreções genitais das bezerras controle foi detectada por 8,2 dias (8-9); no grupo IM durante 6,2 dias (4-8 dias) e durante 5,2 dias (5-6) nas bezerras do grupo IN. As bezerras do grupo controle desenvolveram vulvo-vaginite moderada (2/4) a severa (2/4) que duraram entre 9 e 13 dias (x: 10,7 dias). A doença se caracterizou por edema vulvar, congestão vulvo-vestibular, formação de vesículas/pústulas que coalesceram, erosões, placas fibrino-necróticas e exsudato fibrino-purulento. As bezerras do grupo IM desenvolveram lesões genitais leves (1/3) a moderadas (3/4), com duração de 10 a 12 dias (x: 10,7 dias). No grupo IV, as bezerras desenvolveram vulvovaginite leve e transitória (3/4) ou lesões moderadas (1/4), com duração de 4 a 8 dias (x: 5,5 dias). O exame clínico desses animais após o desafio demonstrou que a vacinação, independentemente da via de administração, conferiu proteção e que, a vacinação IV mostrou-se mais efetiva na redução da severidade e duração da doença clínica. A vacinação IV também determinou uma redução significativa no período de excreção viral após desafio, em comparação com os grupos controle e IM. Esses resultados demonstram que a cepa SV265gE- administrada pela via IV confere proteção satisfatória frente a desafio local com um isolado heterólogo de BoHV-1 altamente virulento. Além disso, a cepa vacinal é atenuada para vacinação IV em baixos títulos e não é reativada facilmente após administração de dexametasona. Assim, a utilização da cepa recombinante para imunização genital pode se constituir em alternativa para prevenir a infecção e doença reprodutiva associada com o BoHV-1.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Brum M.C.S., Caron L., Chowdhury S.I., Weiblen R. & Flores E.F. 2010. Immunogenicity of an inactivated bovine herpesvirus type 5 strain defective in thymidine kinase and glycoprotein E. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(1):57-62. Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil. E-mail: eduardofurtadoflores@gmail.com The immunogenicity of an inactivated, experimental vaccine based on a bovine herpesvirus type 5 strain defective in thymidine kinase and glycoprotein E (BoHV-5 gE/TKD) was evaluated in cattle and the results were compared with a vaccine containing the parental BoHV-5 strain (SV507/99). To formulate the vaccines, each virus (wildtype SV507/99 and BoHV-5 gE/TKD) was multiplied in cell culture and inactivated with binary ethyleneimine (BEI). Each vaccine dose contained approximately of 107.5 TCID50 of inactivated virus mixed with an oil-based adjuvant (46:54). Forty calves, 6 to 9-months-old, were allocated into two groups of 20 animals each and vaccinated twice (days 0 and 22pv) by the subcutaneous route with either vaccine. Serum samples collected at day 0 and at different intervals after vaccination were tested for virus neutralizing (VN) antibodies against the parental virus and against heterologous BoHV-5 and BoHV-1 isolates. The VN assays demonstrated seroconversion to the respective homologous viruses in all vaccinated animals after the second vaccine dose (mean titers of 17.5 for the wildtype vaccine; 24.1 for the recombinant virus). All animals remained reagents up to day 116 pv, yet showing a gradual reduction in VN titers. Animals from both vaccine groups reacted in similar VN titers to different BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 isolates, yet the magnitude of serological response of both groups was higher against BoHV-5 field isolates. Calves vaccinated with the recombinant virus did not develop antibodies to gE as verified by negative results in a gE-specific ELISA, what would allow serological differentiation from naturally infected animals. Taken together, these results indicate that inactivated antigens of BoHV-5 gE/TK recombinant virus induced an adequate serological response against BoHV-5 and BoHV-1 and thus can be used as an alternative, differential vaccine candidate.

• Herpesvirus type 5 thymidine kinase glycoprotein E

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Brum M.C.S., Caron L., Chowdhury S.I., Weiblen R. & Flores E.F. 2010. Immunogenicity of an inactivated bovine herpesvirus type 5 strain defective in thymidine kinase and glycoprotein E. [Imunogenicidade de uma cepa inativada do herpesvírus bovino tipo 5 defectiva na timidina quinase e glicoproteína E.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(1):57-62. Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil. E-mail: eduardofurtadoflores@gmail.com A imunogenicidade de vacina experimental inativada, produzida com uma cepa do herpesvírus bovino tipo 5 defectiva nos genes da timidina quinase e glicoproteína E (BoHV-5 gE/TKD) foi avaliada em bovinos e o resultado foi comparado com a resposta induzida pela cepa parental do BoHV-5 (SV507/99). Para a formulação da vacina, cultivos de células infectados com cada um dos vírus (SV507/99 ou BoHV-5 gE/TKD) foram inativados com etilenamina binária. Cada dose de vacina continha aproximadamente 107,5 TCID50 de um dos vírus inativados emulsionado em adjuvante oleoso (46:54). Quarenta bezerros de raças cruzadas, com idade entre seis a nove meses, foram alocados em dois grupos de 20 animais cada e vacinados duas vezes (dia 0 e 22 pv) pela via subcutânea com uma das vacinas. Amostras de soro foram coletadas no dia 0 e a vários intervalos após vacinação para a pesquisa de anticorpos neutralizantes frente ao vírus homólogo ou frente a isolados de BoHV-5 e BoHV-1. Os testes de soroneutralização (SN) demonstraram que todos os animais soroconverteram após a segunda dose da vacina (títulos médios de 17,5 para o grupo SV507/99; 24,1 para o grupo BoHV-5 gE/TKD). Todos os animais mantiveram níveis de anticorpos neutralizantes até o dia 116 pv, no entanto foi observada uma redução gradual no títulos. A sorologia cruzada com amostras heterólogas do BoHV-5 e BoHV-1 indicou que ambos os grupos vacinais reagiram em níveis similares frente ao mesmo vírus, no entanto a magnitude da resposta sorológica foi maior frente a amostras de BoHV-5. Os animais vacinados com a cepa recombinante não desenvolveram anticorpos contra a gE detectáveis por um ELISA específico, o que permitiria a sua diferenciação sorológica de animais infectados naturalmente. Esses resultados demonstram que a vacina contendo antígenos inativados do vírus recombinante BoHV-5 gE/TKD induziu resposta sorológica em níveis satisfatórios, constituindo-se, assim, em alternativa a cepa vacinal diferencial.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Hvenegaard A.P., Safatle A.M.V, Guimarães M.B. & Barros P.S.M. 2009. Retrospective study of ocular disorders in Amazon parrots. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(12):979-984. Serviço de Oftalmologia do Hospital Veterinário, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508 270, Brazil. E-mail: ana6113@hotmail.com A retrospective study was conducted to identify the occurrence and types of ocular disorders in 57 Amazon parrots admitted to the Ophthalmology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil from 1997 to 2006. The most frequent observed disorder was cataracts, present in 24 of the 114 examined eyes (57 parrots). Uveitis, ulcerative keratitis and keratoconjunctivitis were frequently diagnosed as well. The cornea was the most affected ocular structure, with 28 reported disorders. Uveal disorders also were commonly observed. Conjunctiva and eyelid disorders were diagnosed in lower frequency. Results suggest that cataracts are common and that cornea, lens and uvea are the most affected ocular structures in Amazon parrots.

• Papagaio Amazona aestiva Amazona amazonica Amazona ochrocephala catarata córnea

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Hvenegaard A.P., Safatle A.M.V, Guimarães M.B. & Barros P.S.M. 2009. Retrospective study of ocular disorders in Amazon parrots. [Estudo retrospectivo das alterações oculares observadas em papagaios.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(12):979-984. Serviço de Oftalmologia do Hospital Veterinário, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508 270, Brazil. E-mail: ana6113@hotmail.com Realizou-se estudo retrospectivo para identificar a ocorrência e os tipos de alterações oculares observadas em 57 papagaios atendidos no Serviço de Oftalmologia do Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), de 1997-2006. Catarata em diferentes estágios de evolução foi a alteração ocular mais frequentemente diagnosticada, sendo observada em 24 dos 114 olhos examinados. Uveíte, ceratite ulcerativa e ceratoconjuntivite foram também diagnosticadas. A córnea foi a estrutura ocular mais acometida (28 registros). Alterações uveais foram frequentemente observadas. Alterações das pálpebras e conjuntiva foram observadas em menor freqüência. Concluí-se que catarata foi a alteração mais frequentemente observada e que a córnea, lente e úvea são as estruturas oculares mais susceptíveis a alterações em papagaios.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Abreu C.O., Martinez A.C., Moraes W., Juvenal J.C. & Moreira N. 2009. [Reproductive characteristics of Brazilian dwarf brocket deer (Mazama nana).] Características reprodutivas de veado-bororó-do-sul ou veado-mão-curta (Mazama nana). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(12):993-998. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Campus Umuarama, Estrada da Paca s/n, Maringá, PR 87506-370. E-mail: cassianabreu@gmail.com Mazama nana is the least known of Brazilian deer species. The male reproductive parameters are still unknown, but apparently they did not show reproductive seasonality. In this work were used nine males of M. nana in reproductive age, kept in captivity. They were assessed for weight, height of wither, crown-rump length, the situation of horns, testicular volume and consistency. The sperm was collected by electro-ejaculation and subjected to analyses of motility, vigor and morphology. The correlation between age, weight, height of wither, crown-rump length, testicular volume and characteristics of the ejaculate (volume, motility, vigor and sperm concentration) were evaluated by the procedure Corr., of SAS®. The mean ± standard deviation observed for weight (kg), crown-rump length (cm) and height of wither (cm) were: 15.72±1.98, 74.9±3.05, and 48.5±2.06 respectively. For primary reproductive parameters were observed: volume of ejaculate (91.46±68.24ìl); motility (70±8.16%); vigor (3.0±0.67); sperm concentration (1536x106 ±351x106 spermatozoa per ml). For sperm morphology was found a high percentage of abnormal cells (40.90%), with predominant defects in the tail (25.95%).

• Veado-bororó-do-sul veado-mão-curta Mazama nana

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Abreu C.O., Martinez A.C., Moraes W., Juvenal J.C. & Moreira N. 2009. [Reproductive characteristics of Brazilian dwarf brocket deer (Mazama nana).] Características reprodutivas de veado-bororó-do-sul ou veado-mão-curta (Mazama nana). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(12):993-998. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Campus Umuarama, Estrada da Paca s/n, Maringá, PR 87506-370. E-mail: cassianabreu@gmail.com Dos cervídeos brasileiros, a espécie Mazama nana é a menos conhecida. Os parâmetros reprodutivos para os machos ainda são desconhecidos, mas parece que não apresentam sazonalidade reprodutiva. Neste trabalho foram utilizados nove machos de Mazama nana em idade reprodutiva, mantidos em cativeiro. Foram avaliados quanto ao peso corporal, altura de cernelha, comprimento crânio-caudal, situação dos chifres, volume e consistência testicular. O sêmen foi colhido por eletroejaculação e submetido a análises de motilidade, vigor e morfologia espermática. As correlações entre idade, peso, comprimento crânio-caudal, altura de cernelha, volume testicular e características do ejaculado (volume, motilidade, vigor e concentração do sêmen) foram avaliadas pelo procedimento Corr., do SAS®. As médias ± desvio padrão observados para peso (kg), comprimento crânio-caudal (cm) e altura de cernelha (cm) foram: 15,72±1,98, 74,9±3,05 e 48,5±2,06, respectivamente. Em relação aos parâmetros reprodutivos primários foram observados: volume do ejaculado (91,46±68,24µl); motilidade (70±8,16%); vigor (3,0±0,67); concentração espermática (1536x106 ±351x106 espermatozóides por ml). Em relação à morfologia espermática, foi observada uma alta porcentagem de células anormais (40,90%), sendo predominante os defeitos de cauda (25,95%).

Abstract in English:

Abstract.- Silva A.D., Esteves P.A., Dezen D., Oliveira A.P., Spilki F.R., Campos F.S., Franco A.C. & Roehe P.M. 2009. Efficacy of a gE-deleted, bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) inactivated vaccine. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(7):545-551. Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Fepagro Saúde Animal, Estrada do Conde 6000, Cx. Postal 47, Eldorado do Sul, RS 92990-000, Brazil. E-mail: proehe@gmail.com Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) is recognized as a major cause of economic losses in cattle. Vaccination has been widely applied to minimize losses induced by BoHV-1 infections. We have previously reported the development of a differential BoHV-1 vaccine, based on a recombinant glycoprotein E (gE)-deleted virus (265gE-). In present paper the efficacy of such recombinant was evaluated as an inactivated vaccine. Five BoHV-1 seronegative calves were vaccinated intramuscularly on day 0 and boostered 30 days later with an inactivated, oil adjuvanted vaccine containing an antigenic mass equivalent to 107.0 fifty per cent cell culture infectious doses (CCID50) of 265gE-. Three calves were kept as non vaccinated controls. On day 60 post vaccination both vaccinated and controls were challenged with the virulent parental strain. No clinical signs or adverse effects were seen after or during vaccination. After challenge, 2/5 vaccinated calves showed mild clinical signs of infection, whereas all non vaccinated controls displayed intense rhinotracheitis and shed virus for longer and to higher titres than vaccinated calves. Serological responses were detected in all vaccinated animals after the second dose of vaccine, but not on control calves. Following corticosteroid administration in attempting to induce reactivation of the latent infection, no clinical signs were observed in vaccinated calves, whereas non vaccinated controls showed clinical signs of respiratory disease. In view of its immunogenicity and protective effect upon challenge with a virulent BoHV-1, the oil adjuvanted preparation with the inactivated 265gE- recombinant was shown to be suitable for use as a vaccine.

• Bovine herpesvirus type 1 BoHV-1 recombinant vaccine inactivated vaccine

Abstract in Portuguese:

Abstract.- Silva A.D., Esteves P.A., Dezen D., Oliveira A.P., Spilki F.R., Campos F.S., Franco A.C. & Roehe P.M. 2009. Efficacy of a gE-deleted, bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) inactivated vaccine. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(7):545-551. Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Fepagro Saúde Animal, Estrada do Conde 6000, Cx. Postal 47, Eldorado do Sul, RS 92990-000, Brazil. E-mail: proehe@gmail.com Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) is recognized as a major cause of economic losses in cattle. Vaccination has been widely applied to minimize losses induced by BoHV-1 infections. We have previously reported the development of a differential BoHV-1 vaccine, based on a recombinant glycoprotein E (gE)-deleted virus (265gE-). In present paper the efficacy of such recombinant was evaluated as an inactivated vaccine. Five BoHV-1 seronegative calves were vaccinated intramuscularly on day 0 and boostered 30 days later with an inactivated, oil adjuvanted vaccine containing an antigenic mass equivalent to 107.0 fifty per cent cell culture infectious doses (CCID50) of 265gE-. Three calves were kept as non vaccinated controls. On day 60 post vaccination both vaccinated and controls were challenged with the virulent parental strain. No clinical signs or adverse effects were seen after or during vaccination. After challenge, 2/5 vaccinated calves showed mild clinical signs of infection, whereas all non vaccinated controls displayed intense rhinotracheitis and shed virus for longer and to higher titres than vaccinated calves. Serological responses were detected in all vaccinated animals after the second dose of vaccine, but not on control calves. Following corticosteroid administration in attempting to induce reactivation of the latent infection, no clinical signs were observed in vaccinated calves, whereas non vaccinated controls showed clinical signs of respiratory disease. In view of its immunogenicity and protective effect upon challenge with a virulent BoHV-1, the oil adjuvanted preparation with the inactivated 265gE- recombinant was shown to be suitable for use as a vaccine.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Moraes J.M., Brito L.A.B., Moura V.M.B.D., Ribeiro C.S., Guimarães V.Y., Andrade D.F., Lobo J.R. & Fioravanti M.C.S. 2009. [Immunophenotyping and quantitative evaluation of circulating lymphocytes of cattle of the Curraleiro breed.] Imunofenotipagem e avaliação quantitativa de linfócitos circulantes de bovinos da raça Curraleiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(4):339-344. Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Cx. Postal 131, Goiânia, GO 74001-970, Brazil. E-mail: mmjulia_vet@yahoo.com.br The aim of this study was to establish an immunological profile by marking and quantification of T and B lymphocytes in Curraleiro breed by immunocytochemistry. A total of 116 cattle was used, males and females of different ages, from two farms situated in the Goiás State, Brazil. The animals were allotted into groups according to age, sex and origin. Blood samples were collected and processed in accordance with immunocytochemistry standard technique using lymphoid markers species-specific, as anti-CD3 (MM1A - BoCD3) and anti-LB (LCTB16A-clone B-B14), for T and B lymphocyte counting, respectively. The data were submitted to descriptive statistics, and to Kruskall Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The results showed decreased levels of leukocytes, lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes along the age advance. Absolute values of leukocytes, lymphocytes and T lymphocytes were higher in males than females. None of the evaluated parameters were affected by differences of the management carried out at the two farms.

• Immunocytochemistry CD3 T lymphocytes B lymphocytes immunological profile

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Moraes J.M., Brito L.A.B., Moura V.M.B.D., Ribeiro C.S., Guimarães V.Y., Andrade D.F., Lobo J.R. & Fioravanti M.C.S. 2009. [Immunophenotyping and quantitative evaluation of circulating lymphocytes of cattle of the Curraleiro breed.] Imunofenotipagem e avaliação quantitativa de linfócitos circulantes de bovinos da raça Curraleiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(4):339-344. Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Cx. Postal 131, Goiânia, GO 74001-970, Brazil. E-mail: mmjulia_vet@yahoo.com.br The aim of this study was to establish an immunological profile by marking and quantification of T and B lymphocytes in Curraleiro breed by immunocytochemistry. A total of 116 cattle was used, males and females of different ages, from two farms situated in the Goiás State, Brazil. The animals were allotted into groups according to age, sex and origin. Blood samples were collected and processed in accordance with immunocytochemistry standard technique using lymphoid markers species-specific, as anti-CD3 (MM1A - BoCD3) and anti-LB (LCTB16A-clone B-B14), for T and B lymphocyte counting, respectively. The data were submitted to descriptive statistics, and to Kruskall Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The results showed decreased levels of leukocytes, lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes along the age advance. Absolute values of leukocytes, lymphocytes and T lymphocytes were higher in males than females. None of the evaluated parameters were affected by differences of the management carried out at the two farms.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Deleito C.S.R & Moya Borja G.E. 2008. [Neem (Azadirachta indica): An alternative for controlling flies associated with animal breeding.] Nim (Azadirachta indica): uma alternativa no controle de moscas na pecuária. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(6):293-298. Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: claudiasayao@terra.com.br Flies Lucilia cuprina, Chrysomya megacephala, Cochliomyia hominivorax and Musca domestica, are among the most important arthropod pests of livestock, which produce myiasis and carry pathogenic microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to test of efficacy of various concentrations of neem oil on pupae of the above mentioned flies under laboratory and in field conditions. Reduction of fly emergence from treated pupae with 0.6 per cent of neem oil was 95.6 per cent under laboratory conditions and 94.5 per cent when applied on the soil, where the cattle rest during the night. The application of neem oil at 0.6 per cent on the soil is a viable alternative for controlling pupae of L. cuprina, C. megacephala, C. hominivorax and M. domestica.

• Botanical insecticide Lucilia cuprina Chrysomya megacephala Cochliomyia hominivorax Musca domestica

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Deleito C.S.R & Moya Borja G.E. 2008. [Neem (Azadirachta indica): An alternative for controlling flies associated with animal breeding.] Nim (Azadirachta indica): uma alternativa no controle de moscas na pecuária. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(6):293-298. Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: claudiasayao@terra.com.br Flies Lucilia cuprina, Chrysomya megacephala, Cochliomyia hominivorax and Musca domestica, are among the most important arthropod pests of livestock, which produce myiasis and carry pathogenic microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to test of efficacy of various concentrations of neem oil on pupae of the above mentioned flies under laboratory and in field conditions. Reduction of fly emergence from treated pupae with 0.6 per cent of neem oil was 95.6 per cent under laboratory conditions and 94.5 per cent when applied on the soil, where the cattle rest during the night. The application of neem oil at 0.6 per cent on the soil is a viable alternative for controlling pupae of L. cuprina, C. megacephala, C. hominivorax and M. domestica.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Henzel A., Diel D.G., Arenhart S., Vogel F.S.F., Weiblen R. & Flores E.F. 2008. [Virological and clinico-pathological features of acute vulvovaginitis and latent infection by bovine herpesvirus 1.2 in heifers experimentally infected.] Aspectos virológicos e clínico-patológicos da infecção genital aguda e latente pelo herpesvírus bovino tipo 1.2 em bezerras experimentalmente infectadas. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(3):140-148. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. E-mail: flores@ccr.ufsm.br Venereal infection of heifers and cows with bovine herpesvirus type 1.2 (BoHV-1.2) may result in vulvovaginitis and transient infertility. The acute infection is followed by the establishment of latent infection which can be periodically reactivated. We herein describe the virology and clinico-pathological aspects of acute and recrudescent vulvovaginitis in heifers inoculated with a Brazilian BoHV-1.2 isolate recovered from an outbreak of balanoposthitis. Genital inoculation of isolate SV-56/90 (108.1TCID50/animal) in four eight-months-old heifers resulted in efficient virus replication in the genital mucosa and the development of moderate to severe vulvovaginitis. The inoculated heifers shed virus in genital secretions in titers up to 107.3TCID50/mL until day 10 pi and developed genital congestion, swelling, vesicles and pustules. The vesicles and pustules increased in size eventually coalesced and became covered with a yellowish exsudate. These signs appeared at day 2 pi, increased in severity up to days 5 - 8 pi and progressively subsided thereafter. Dexamethasone administration at day 55 pi resulted in virus shedding in vaginal secretions for up to 10 days. Virus reactivation in all animals was accompanied by clinical recrudescence of the disease, yet less severe than during acute infection. Examination of sacral ganglia and lymph nodes by PCR at day 36 post-reactivation revealed the presence of latent viral DNA in the pudendal (4/4), genito-femoral, sciatic and rectal caudal (3/4) and obturator nerve ganglia (1/4); in addition to several regional lymph nodes. These results demonstrate the virulence of isolate SV-56/90 for heifers and pave the way for its use in further pathogenesis studies and vaccine-challenge trials.

• Bovine herpesvirus BoHV-1.2 vulvovaginitis genital infection latency reactivation

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Henzel A., Diel D.G., Arenhart S., Vogel F.S.F., Weiblen R. & Flores E.F. 2008. [Virological and clinico-pathological features of acute vulvovaginitis and latent infection by bovine herpesvirus 1.2 in heifers experimentally infected.] Aspectos virológicos e clínico-patológicos da infecção genital aguda e latente pelo herpesvírus bovino tipo 1.2 em bezerras experimentalmente infectadas. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(3):140-148. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. E-mail: flores@ccr.ufsm.br Venereal infection of heifers and cows with bovine herpesvirus type 1.2 (BoHV-1.2) may result in vulvovaginitis and transient infertility. The acute infection is followed by the establishment of latent infection which can be periodically reactivated. We herein describe the virology and clinico-pathological aspects of acute and recrudescent vulvovaginitis in heifers inoculated with a Brazilian BoHV-1.2 isolate recovered from an outbreak of balanoposthitis. Genital inoculation of isolate SV-56/90 (108.1TCID50/animal) in four eight-months-old heifers resulted in efficient virus replication in the genital mucosa and the development of moderate to severe vulvovaginitis. The inoculated heifers shed virus in genital secretions in titers up to 107.3TCID50/mL until day 10 pi and developed genital congestion, swelling, vesicles and pustules. The vesicles and pustules increased in size eventually coalesced and became covered with a yellowish exsudate. These signs appeared at day 2 pi, increased in severity up to days 5 - 8 pi and progressively subsided thereafter. Dexamethasone administration at day 55 pi resulted in virus shedding in vaginal secretions for up to 10 days. Virus reactivation in all animals was accompanied by clinical recrudescence of the disease, yet less severe than during acute infection. Examination of sacral ganglia and lymph nodes by PCR at day 36 post-reactivation revealed the presence of latent viral DNA in the pudendal (4/4), genito-femoral, sciatic and rectal caudal (3/4) and obturator nerve ganglia (1/4); in addition to several regional lymph nodes. These results demonstrate the virulence of isolate SV-56/90 for heifers and pave the way for its use in further pathogenesis studies and vaccine-challenge trials.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- França T.N., Ribeiro C.T., Bezerra P.S., Döbereiner J., Cerqueira V.D. & Peixoto P.V. 2008. [Outbreaks of Proliferative Haemorrhagic Enteropathy (Lawsonia intracelullaris) in swine in Rio de Janeiro state.] Surtos de Enteropatia Proliferativa Hemorrágica (Lawsonia intracelullaris) em suínos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(3):174-182. Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estácio de Sá, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22783-320, Brazil. E-mail: ticianafranca@terra.com.br Outbreaks of infection of swine with Lawsonia intracelullaris in the state of Rio de Janeiro are described. The symptomathology was characterized by bloody diarrhea with peracute course. Postmortem findings were pale organs and tissues, reticulate aspect of the ileum with its mucosa moderately thickened nad contained large amounts of partially coagulated blood. Histopathological examination revealed hyperplastic epithelial cell proliferation of the Lieberkühn crypts, sometimes associated with inflammatory and necrotic alterations. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of large amounts of bacteria in the cytoplasm of the cryptal epithelial cells. L. intracellularis was also seen by ultramicroscopic examination. These outbreaks occurred in 1987 and this is the first report of the disease in the state of Rio de Janeiro.

• Lawsonia intracellularis Proliferative Haemorrhagic Enteropathy swine Rio de Janeiro

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- França T.N., Ribeiro C.T., Bezerra P.S., Döbereiner J., Cerqueira V.D. & Peixoto P.V. 2008. [Outbreaks of Proliferative Haemorrhagic Enteropathy (Lawsonia intracelullaris) in swine in Rio de Janeiro state.] Surtos de Enteropatia Proliferativa Hemorrágica (Lawsonia intracelullaris) em suínos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(3):174-182. Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estácio de Sá, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22783-320, Brazil. E-mail: ticianafranca@terra.com.br Outbreaks of infection of swine with Lawsonia intracelullaris in the state of Rio de Janeiro are described. The symptomathology was characterized by bloody diarrhea with peracute course. Postmortem findings were pale organs and tissues, reticulate aspect of the ileum with its mucosa moderately thickened nad contained large amounts of partially coagulated blood. Histopathological examination revealed hyperplastic epithelial cell proliferation of the Lieberkühn crypts, sometimes associated with inflammatory and necrotic alterations. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of large amounts of bacteria in the cytoplasm of the cryptal epithelial cells. L. intracellularis was also seen by ultramicroscopic examination. These outbreaks occurred in 1987 and this is the first report of the disease in the state of Rio de Janeiro.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Paula V.V., Fantoni D.T., Otsuki D.A. & Auler Jr J.O.C. 2008. Blood-gas and electrolyte values for non-anesthetized Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(2):108-112. Departamento de Ciências Animais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, BR110 Km 47 s/n, Cx. Postal 137, Presidente Costa e Silva, Mossoró, RN 59625-900, Brazil. E-mail: valeria@ufersa.edu.br The aim was to provide reference data for blood gas/acid-base status and electrolytes for non-anesthetized Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva). Thirty-five adult parrots from Tietê ecologic park were utilized. Arterial blood (0.3ml) samples were anaerobically collected from the superficial ulnar artery in heparinized (sodium heparin) 1-ml plastic syringes. The samples were immediately analyzed through a portable analyzer (i-STAT*, Abbot, Illinois, USA) with cartridges (EG7+). These data were grouped in such a way as to present both mean and standard deviation: body weight (360±37g), respiratory rate (82±33 b/m), temperature (41.8±0.6°C), hydrogen potential (7.452±0.048), carbon dioxide partial pressure (22.1±4.0mmHg), oxygen partial pressure (98.1±7.6mmHg), base excess (-7.9±3.1), plasma concentration of bicarbonate ions (14.8±2.8mmol/L), oxygen saturation (96.2±1.1%), plasma concentration of sodium (147.4±2.2mmol/L), plasma concentration of potassium (3.5±0.53mmol/L), plasma concentration of calcium (0.8±0.28mmol/L), hematocrit (38.7±6.2%) and concentration of hemoglobin (13.2±2.1g/dl). This study led us to conclude that, although the results obtained showed hypocapnia and low values of bicarbonate and base excess, when compared to other avian species, these data are very similar. Besides, in spite of the equipment being approved only for human beings, it was considered simple and very useful in the analysis of avian blood samples. By using this equipment we were able to provide references data for non-anaesthetized Amazon parrots.

• Amazona aestiva blood gas electrolytes

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Paula V.V., Fantoni D.T., Otsuki D.A. & Auler Jr J.O.C. 2008. Blood-gas and electrolyte values for non-anesthetized Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(2):108-112. Departamento de Ciências Animais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, BR110 Km 47 s/n, Cx. Postal 137, Presidente Costa e Silva, Mossoró, RN 59625-900, Brazil. E-mail: valeria@ufersa.edu.br The aim was to provide reference data for blood gas/acid-base status and electrolytes for non-anesthetized Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva). Thirty-five adult parrots from Tietê ecologic park were utilized. Arterial blood (0.3ml) samples were anaerobically collected from the superficial ulnar artery in heparinized (sodium heparin) 1-ml plastic syringes. The samples were immediately analyzed through a portable analyzer (i-STAT*, Abbot, Illinois, USA) with cartridges (EG7+). These data were grouped in such a way as to present both mean and standard deviation: body weight (360±37g), respiratory rate (82±33 b/m), temperature (41.8±0.6°C), hydrogen potential (7.452±0.048), carbon dioxide partial pressure (22.1±4.0mmHg), oxygen partial pressure (98.1±7.6mmHg), base excess (-7.9±3.1), plasma concentration of bicarbonate ions (14.8±2.8mmol/L), oxygen saturation (96.2±1.1%), plasma concentration of sodium (147.4±2.2mmol/L), plasma concentration of potassium (3.5±0.53mmol/L), plasma concentration of calcium (0.8±0.28mmol/L), hematocrit (38.7±6.2%) and concentration of hemoglobin (13.2±2.1g/dl). This study led us to conclude that, although the results obtained showed hypocapnia and low values of bicarbonate and base excess, when compared to other avian species, these data are very similar. Besides, in spite of the equipment being approved only for human beings, it was considered simple and very useful in the analysis of avian blood samples. By using this equipment we were able to provide references data for non-anaesthetized Amazon parrots.