PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Assis T.S., Medeiros R.M.T., Riet-Correa F., Galiza G.J.N., Dantas A.F.M. & Oliveira M.D. 2010. [Plant poisonings diagnosed in ruminants and horses and estimation of the economical losses in Paraíba.] Intoxicações por plantas diagnosticadas em ruminantes e equinos e estimativa das perdas econômicas na Paraíba. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(1):13-20. Hospital Veterinário, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Campus de Patos, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, PB 58700-000, Brazil. E-mail: rmtmed@uol.com.br This paper reports plant poisonings in ruminants and horses, diagnosed between 2000 and 2007, in the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory at the Federal University of Campina Grande, in the city of Patos, state of Paraíba. In cattle, 7.4% of the diseases diagnosed were caused by poisonous plants. Outbreaks were caused by Centhraterum brachylepis (1), Brachiaria spp. (1), Crotalaria retusa (2), Ipomoea batatas (1), Marsdenia sp. (1), grass containing nitrites (3 outbreaks, 1 by Echinochloa polystachya and 2 by Pennisetum purpureum), Palicourea aeneofusca (1), Prosopis juliflora (3), Nerium oleander (1), and Mimosa tenuiflora (7). In sheep, 13% of the diseases diagnosed were caused by toxic plants. Four outbreaks were caused by Ipomoea asarifolia, 3 by Brachiaria spp., 2 by Crotalaria retusa, 2 by Tephrosia cinerea, 1 by Panicum dichotomiflorum, 1 by Mascagnia rigida, and 20 by Mimosa tenuiflora. In goats, 6.4% of the diseases were caused by toxic plants. Seven outbreaks were caused by Mimosa tenuiflora, 1 by Ipomoea asarifolia, 1 by Ipomoea carnea, 1 by Ipomoea riedelli, 3 by Prosopis juliflora, 1 by Arrabidaea corallina, 2 by Aspidosperma pyrifolium, and 2 by Turbina cordata. In horses, 14% of the diagnosed diseases were due to plants poisonings including 12 outbreaks caused by Crotalaria retusa and one by Turbina cordata. Annual losses in the state of Paraíba by deaths of livestock are estimated in 3,895 cattle, 8,374 sheep, 6,390 goats, and 366 horses, which represent about US$ 1,380,000. Epidemiologic, clinical and pathologic aspects of poisonings by Crotalaria retusa in cattle, Brachiaria spp. in sheep, Prosopis juliflora in cattle and goats, Nerium oleander in cattle, Opuntia ficus-indica in goats, and Turbina cordata in horses and goats are reported.

• Poisonous plants plant poisoning

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Assis T.S., Medeiros R.M.T., Riet-Correa F., Galiza G.J.N., Dantas A.F.M. & Oliveira M.D. 2010. [Plant poisonings diagnosed in ruminants and horses and estimation of the economical losses in Paraíba.] Intoxicações por plantas diagnosticadas em ruminantes e equinos e estimativa das perdas econômicas na Paraíba. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(1):13-20. Hospital Veterinário, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Campus de Patos, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, PB 58700-000, Brazil. E-mail: rmtmed@uol.com.br Foi realizado um levantamento dos surtos de intoxicações por plantas em ruminantes e equinos diagnosticados no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV), do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, Paraíba, no período de 2000-2007. Em bovinos 7,4% dos diagnósticos realizados pelo LPV foram intoxicações por plantas. Foram diagnosticadas intoxicações por Centhraterum brachylepis (um surto), Brachiaria spp. (um surto), Crotalaria retusa (dois surtos), Ipomoea batatas (um surto), Marsdenia sp. (um surto), gramíneas contendo nitratos e nitritos (um surto por Echinochloa polystachya e dois surtos por Pennisetum purpureum), Palicourea aeneofusca (um surto), Prosopis juliflora (três surtos), Nerium oleander (um surto) e Mimosa tenuiflora (sete surtos). Na espécie ovina 13% dos diagnósticos foram intoxicações por plantas. Os surtos foram causados por Ipomoea asarifolia (quatro surtos), Brachiaria spp. (três surtos), Crotalaria retusa (dois surtos), Tephrosia cinerea (dois surtos), Panicum dichotomiflorum (um surto), Mascagnia rigida (um surto) e malformações associadas à ingestão de Mimosa tenuiflora (20 surtos). Nos caprinos, 6,4% dos diagnósticos corresponderam à intoxicação por plantas. Sete surtos foram causados por Mimosa tenuiflora, um por Ipomoea asarifolia, um por Ipomoea carnea, um por Ipomoea riedelli, três por Prosopis juliflora, um por Arrabidaea corallina, dois por Aspidosperma pyrifolium, dois por Turbina cordata e um por Opuntia ficus-indica. Na espécie equina 14% das doenças diagnosticadas foram devidas a intoxicações por plantas, sendo 12 surtos por Crotalaria retusa e um por Turbina cordata. As perdas na Paraíba por plantas tóxicas são estimadas em 3.895 bovinos, 8.374 ovinos, 6.390 caprinos e 366 equinos, que representam uma perda econômica anual, por morte de animais, de R$ 2.733.097,00. São relatados alguns aspectos epidemiológicos, sinais clínicos e patologia de surtos de intoxicação por Crotalaria retusa em bovinos, Brachiaria spp. em ovinos, Prosopis juliflora em bovinos e caprinos, Nerium oleander em bovinos, Opuntia ficus-indica em caprinos e Turbina cordata em equinos e caprinos.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Nunes Rangel M.F., Lemos L.S., Almeida C.M.C., Sales L.G. & Vieira-da-Motta O. 2010. Development of Polyclonal IgY antibodies in chickens and IgG in rabbits immunized against proteins of Pythium insidiosum isolated from horses in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(1):87-93. Micologia Veterinária do Setor de Doenças Infectocontagiosas, Laboratório de Sanidade Animal do Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, Horto, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ 28013-602, Brazil. E-mail: olney@uenf.br Pythiosis is caused by Pythium insidiosum and the occurrence of disease in horses was described in the North and Northwest State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The disease was described in cattle, sheep, humans, and horses in different states and regions across the country. This paper describes the development of IgY and IgG polyclonal antibodies, in chicken and rabbits, respectively against proteins extracted from kunkers and hyphae of P. insidiosum from affected horses. The proteins were recognized by chicken, rabbit and horse antibodies by immunodiffusion and Western blot against majority bands of 27 and 43 KDa, and titrated by ELISA. The antibodies IgY developed by the first time against Brazilian strains of P. insidiosum may represent a valuable tool in the detection of antigens of the pathogen and contribute to further studies aimed at immunotherapy and knowledge about this disease in endemic areas in Rio de Janeiro and in Brazil.

• Pythiosis Pythium insidiosum

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Nunes Rangel M.F., Lemos L.S., Almeida C.M.C., Sales L.G. & Vieira-da-Motta O. 2010. Development of Polyclonal IgY antibodies in chickens and IgG in rabbits immunized against proteins of Pythium insidiosum isolated from horses in the state of Rio de Janeiro. [Desenvolvimento de Anticorpos IgY em galinhas e IgG em coelhos imunizados contra proteínas de Pythium insidiosum isolado de equinos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(1):87-93. Micologia Veterinária do Setor de Doenças Infectocontagiosas, Laboratório de Sanidade Animal do Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, Horto, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ 28013-602, Brazil. E-mail: olney@uenf.br Pitiose é causada por Pythium insidiosum e a doença foi descrita em equinos no Norte e Noroeste do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A doença foi descrita em bovinos, ovelhas, humanos e cavalos em diferentes estados e regiões do país. Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de anticorpos policlonais, IgY e IgG, em galinha e coelho, respectivamente, contra proteínas extraídas de kunkers e hifas de P. insidiosum de cavalos doentes. As proteínas foram reconhecidas por anticorpos de galinha, coelho e cavalos contra as bandas majoritárias de 27 e 34 KDa em imunodifusão e Western blot tituladas por ELISA. Os anticorpos IgY desenvolvidos pela primeira vez contra cepas brasileiras de P. insidiosum podem representar um valioso instrumento na detecção de antígenos de patógenos e contribuem para novos estudos baseados na imunoterapia e no entendimento sobre esta doença em áreas endêmicas no Rio de Janeiro e em todo o país.

Abstract in English:

RESUMO.- Paes Leme F.O., Wurzinger L., Alves G.E.S., Costa-Val A.P., Pinotti M.B., Paes P.R.O. & Oliveira M.E.C. 2009. [In vitro inibition and reversion of equine platelet aggregation using ketoprophen, phenylbutazone and flunixin meglumin.] Inibição e reversão da agregação plaquetária de eqüinos in vitro com o uso de ketoprofeno, fenilbutazona e flunixim meglumine. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(10):803-808. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil. E-mail: fabiola@vet.ufmg.br Como são várias as enfermidades e os distúrbios que induzem à hipercoagulabilidade e à pré-ativação de plaquetas em eqüinos. A atividade de medicamentos utilizados para controle dessas enfermidades sobre a agregação de plaquetas pode, não apenas servir para avaliar sua evolução, como também a resposta terapêutica. Com o objetivo de avaliar a prevenção e a reversão da agregação plaquetária de eqüinos in vitro foram utilizados os antiinflamatórios não esteroidais (AINES): ketoprofeno, fenilbutazona e flunixim meglumine. A comparação demonstrou que a fenilbutazona e o ketoprofeno previnem a agregação de plaquetas de eqüinos induzida pelo ADP, de forma mais eficaz do que o flunixim-meglumine e, superior ao fragmento monoclonal de anticorpo Reopro, sendo semelhante a dos bloqueadores de receptores de membrana Ro-438857 e RGDS. Quanto a reverão da agregação plaquetária tanto a fenilbutazona quanto o ketoprofeno demonstraram efeitos dose-dependente.

• Aggregometry ADP Reopro RGDS Ro-438857 NSAId

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Paes Leme F.O., Wurzinger L., Alves G.E.S., Costa-Val A.P., Pinotti M.B., Paes P.R.O. & Oliveira M.E.C. 2009. [In vitro inibition and reversion of equine platelet aggregation using ketoprophen, phenylbutazone and flunixin meglumin.] Inibição e reversão da agregação plaquetária de eqüinos in vitro com o uso de ketoprofeno, fenilbutazona e flunixim meglumine. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(10):803-808. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil. E-mail: fabiola@vet.ufmg.br Several diseases may lead to platelet pre-activation and hypercoagulability states in horses. The activity of many drugs against platelet aggregation may, not only contribute to the evaluation of a disease but also its response to the therapy. With the aim to study in vitro prevention and reversion of platelet aggregation, the non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID): ketoprophen, phenylbutazone and flunixin-meglumin were evaluated. The comparison demonstrated that phenylbutazone and ketoprophen prevented platelet aggregation induced by ADP better than flunixin-meglumin, in a superior manner to the monoclonal antibody Reopro, and in a better way than the membrane receptor blockers Ro-438857 and RGDS. The reversion of platelet aggregation demonstrated that even phenylbutazone or ketoprophen have a dose-dependent effect.

Abstract in English:

RESUMO.- Fonseca F.A., Zambrano R.S., Dias G.M.B., Lima E.M.M., Alves G.E.S. & Godoy R.F. 2009. [Physical, biochemical and cytological characteristics of the equine temporomandibular joint synovial fluid.] Características fisicoquímicas e citológicas do líquido sinovial da articulação temporomandibular em eqüinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(10):829-833. Hospital Veterinário de Grandes Animais, Faculdade de Agronomia e Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70636-200, Brazil. E-mail: robertagodoy@unb.br Foram estudadas as características fisicoquímicas e citológicas do líquido sinovial da articulação temporomandibular de dez eqüinos hígidos. Verificou-se que o líquido é viscoso, amarelo claro a citrino, límpido e livre de partículas à temperatura ambiente. Houve contaminação da amostra por sangue em três amostras que se apresentaram amarelo avermelhadas a vermelhas e de aspecto turvo. A taxa de glicose variou entre 100 e 250 e a concentração protéica não ultrapassou 3,8g/dL. O número médio de células nucleadas foi de 417 células/µL, com predominância de grandes células mononucleares e linfócitos. As mensurações das características pesquisadas no líquido sinovial da articulação temporomandibular de eqüinos são de execução simples e passíveis de implantação na rotina de atendimentos clínico-cirúrgicos.

• Equine synovial fluid temporomandibular joint

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Fonseca F.A., Zambrano R.S., Dias G.M.B., Lima E.M.M., Alves G.E.S. & Godoy R.F. 2009. [Physical, biochemical and cytological characteristics of the equine temporomandibular joint synovial fluid.] Características fisicoquímicas e citológicas do líquido sinovial da articulação temporomandibular em eqüinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(10):829-833. Hospital Veterinário de Grandes Animais, Faculdade de Agronomia e Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70636-200, Brazil. E-mail: robertagodoy@unb.br Physical, biochemical and cytological characteristics of the temporomandibular joint synovial fluid were studied in ten clinically normal horses. It is a viscous, pale yellow, clear fluid and without flocculent material at room temperature. There was blood contamination in three samples, they presented red-yellow to red and cloudy. The range of glucose levels were 100 to 250 and its protein concentration was up to 3,8g/dL. Nucleated cells mean number was 417 cells/µL, with predominating large mononuclear cells and lymphocytes. Equine temporomandibular synovial fluids can be easily evaluated, being feasible in clinical and surgical routine, and the information may be useful to the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of animals with temporomandibular alterations.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Laskoski L.M., Valadão C.A.A., Vasconcelos R.O., Pereira R.N., Dias A.D.P.U. & Alessi A.C. 2009. [Morphologic alterations of the hoof lamellar tissue, and clinic and laboratorial analyses of horses with lethal colic syndrome.] Alterações morfológicas de tecido laminar do casco e parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais de equinos com síndrome cólica letal. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(9):731-735. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil. E-mail: lucianelaskoski@hotmail.com The gastrointestinal diseases of horses are aggravated by complications such as laminitis. The laminitis etiopathogeny are connected with lamellar basement membrane degradation by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Inflammatory cytokines and leukocytes enzymes can active MMPs. The object of this study was to evaluate morphological changes on lamellar tissue of horses with colic syndrome and its association with clinical and laboratorial parameters. It was observed intensive destruction of lamellar architecture, mainly on animals with severe physical and laboratorial alterations, such as delayed capillary refill time, congested mucous membrane, tachycardia, hemoconcentration and low count of platelet and leukocytes. The results sign to the most likely moment of development of lamellar tissue injuries in horses with colic syndrome, which can be adopted preventive measures against laminitis.

• Colic syndrome laminitis síndrome cólica laminite

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Laskoski L.M., Valadão C.A.A., Vasconcelos R.O., Pereira R.N., Dias A.D.P.U. & Alessi A.C. 2009. [Morphologic alterations of the hoof lamellar tissue, and clinic and laboratorial analyses of horses with lethal colic syndrome.] Alterações morfológicas de tecido laminar do casco e parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais de equinos com síndrome cólica letal. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(9):731-735. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil. E-mail: lucianelaskoski@hotmail.com As afecções gastrintestinais dos cavalos são agravadas por complicações como a laminite, cuja etiopatogenia está relacionada à degradação da membrana basal do tecido laminar por metaloproteinases (MMPs). A ativação das MMPs pode ocorrer devido à liberação local de citocinas inflamatórias ou enzimas provenientes de leucócitos infiltrados no tecido laminar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as alterações morfológicas do tecido laminar de equinos com síndrome cólica letal e sua provável associação com parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais. Observou-se intensa destruição da arquitetura laminar, principalmente nos animais com alterações físicas e laboratoriais mais acentuadas, como tempo de preenchimento capilar prolongado (TPC), membranas mucosas congestas, taquicardia, hemoconcentração e redução nas contagens de plaquetas e leucócitos. Os resultados sinalizam o provável momento do desenvolvimento de lesões do tecido laminar em equinos com síndrome cólica, no qual é possível adotar medidas preventivas contra a laminite.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Mendes H.M.F., Escobar A., Vasconcelos A.C., Zucoloto S., Alves G.E.S. & Faleiros R.R. 2009. [Morphometrical alterations in myoenteric plexus of experimentally distended equine small colon.] Alterações morfométricas no plexo mioentérico do cólon menor equino distendido experimentalmente. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(7):557-562. Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 30161-970, Brazil. E-mail: faleiros@ufmg.br The equine small colon is frequently affected by obstruction, and intestinal motility dysfunction is a common complication after its surgical treatment. This fact may be related to myoenteric plexus lesion caused by distention; however, little is known about the pathophysiology of this condition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological alterations in the myoenteric inervation of segments of small colon of horses subjected to intraluminal distension with reduction of the microvascular perfusion (partial ischemia) of the intestinal wall. Nine horses were used to promote distension of on segment of small colon for 4 hours. Samples of intestinal wall were collected before and at the end of the distension, after 1.5 and 12 hours of reperfusion in the experimental segment and at the end of the procedure in a different distant segment. Samples were processed and histological sections were stained with cresyl violet for the morphometric studies. An image analyzer software was used to measure perimeter, diameter, and area of the neuronal body, nucleus and nucleolus of the neurons and the areas of the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. Significant reductions (P<0.05) in the areas of the neuronal body and cytoplasm were detected at the end of intestinal distension, returning to the basal values during the reperfusion. In conclusion, intraluminal distension promoted changes in the morphology of the neurons of myoenteric plexus. These morphological modifications may be associated to the motility dysfunction frequently observed in clinical cases.

• Small colon distension myoenteric plexus horse

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Mendes H.M.F., Escobar A., Vasconcelos A.C., Zucoloto S., Alves G.E.S. & Faleiros R.R. 2009. [Morphometrical alterations in myoenteric plexus of experimentally distended equine small colon.] Alterações morfométricas no plexo mioentérico do cólon menor equino distendido experimentalmente. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(7):557-562. Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 30161-970, Brazil. E-mail: faleiros@ufmg.br The equine small colon is frequently affected by obstruction, and intestinal motility dysfunction is a common complication after its surgical treatment. This fact may be related to myoenteric plexus lesion caused by distention; however, little is known about the pathophysiology of this condition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological alterations in the myoenteric inervation of segments of small colon of horses subjected to intraluminal distension with reduction of the microvascular perfusion (partial ischemia) of the intestinal wall. Nine horses were used to promote distension of on segment of small colon for 4 hours. Samples of intestinal wall were collected before and at the end of the distension, after 1.5 and 12 hours of reperfusion in the experimental segment and at the end of the procedure in a different distant segment. Samples were processed and histological sections were stained with cresyl violet for the morphometric studies. An image analyzer software was used to measure perimeter, diameter, and area of the neuronal body, nucleus and nucleolus of the neurons and the areas of the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. Significant reductions (P<0.05) in the areas of the neuronal body and cytoplasm were detected at the end of intestinal distension, returning to the basal values during the reperfusion. In conclusion, intraluminal distension promoted changes in the morphology of the neurons of myoenteric plexus. These morphological modifications may be associated to the motility dysfunction frequently observed in clinical cases.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Pierezan F., Rissi D.R., Oliveira Filho J.C., Lucena R.B., Tochetto C., Flores M.M., Rosa F.B & Barros C.S.L. 2009. [Granulomatous enteritis associated with larval cyathostomiasis in horses in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.] Enterite granulomatosa associada a larvas de ciatostomíneos em eqüinos no Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(5):382-386. Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. E-mail: claudioslbarros@uol.com.br Five cases of granulomatous enteritis associated with cyathostomes are described in horses from three farms in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The cases occurred from January 1999 to December 2007. The clinical course in two cases in which clinical follow-up was available was 10-14 days. Clinical signs presented by two horses were similar and included diarrhea (3/3), weight loss (2/3), pyrexia (1/3), tachycardia (1/3), and tachypnea (1/3). Gross changes consisted of thickening of the wall of large colon and cecum by edema and the occurrence of numerous 1-4mm, dark-tan, slightly raised multifocal pinpoints disseminated throughout the mucosa. Up on the incision of these pinpoints, brown-reddish, small (1-2mm) nematode larvae emerged. Large numbers of parasites with morphology compatible with small strongyles were observed in the lumina of large colon and cecum or adhered to the mucosae of these organs. Histologically, multiple granulomas were seen in the mucosa and submucosa of large colon and cecum. These granulomas consisted of moderate to severe inflammatory infiltrate of macrophages, epithelioid macrophages, and eosinophils surrounded by fewer lymphocytes and plasma cells. In the center of these granulomas, transversal cut sections of parasites with morphology compatible with cyathostomes larvae were observed. Additionally, there was edema and moderate to marked lymphohistioplasmacytic and eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate throughout the mucosa and submucosa of the large colon and cecum; necrosis and lymphohistiocytic proliferation in the submucosal lymphoid follicles, with hyperplasia of goblet cells in the epithelial lining of these organs were also observed. The diagnosis of granulomatous enteritis associated with larval cyathostomiasis was made based on epidemiological, clinical, and gross findings which were confirmed by histopathology.

• Diseases of horses strongylus cyathostomes Doenças de eqüinos estrôngilos ciastotomíneos

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Pierezan F., Rissi D.R., Oliveira Filho J.C., Lucena R.B., Tochetto C., Flores M.M., Rosa F.B & Barros C.S.L. 2009. [Granulomatous enteritis associated with larval cyathostomiasis in horses in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.] Enterite granulomatosa associada a larvas de ciatostomíneos em eqüinos no Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(5):382-386. Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. E-mail: claudioslbarros@uol.com.br Five cases of granulomatous enteritis associated with cyathostomes are described in horses from three farms in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The cases occurred from January 1999 to December 2007. The clinical course in two cases in which clinical follow-up was available was 10-14 days. Clinical signs presented by two horses were similar and included diarrhea (3/3), weight loss (2/3), pyrexia (1/3), tachycardia (1/3), and tachypnea (1/3). Gross changes consisted of thickening of the wall of large colon and cecum by edema and the occurrence of numerous 1-4mm, dark-tan, slightly raised multifocal pinpoints disseminated throughout the mucosa. Up on the incision of these pinpoints, brown-reddish, small (1-2mm) nematode larvae emerged. Large numbers of parasites with morphology compatible with small strongyles were observed in the lumina of large colon and cecum or adhered to the mucosae of these organs. Histologically, multiple granulomas were seen in the mucosa and submucosa of large colon and cecum. These granulomas consisted of moderate to severe inflammatory infiltrate of macrophages, epithelioid macrophages, and eosinophils surrounded by fewer lymphocytes and plasma cells. In the center of these granulomas, transversal cut sections of parasites with morphology compatible with cyathostomes larvae were observed. Additionally, there was edema and moderate to marked lymphohistioplasmacytic and eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate throughout the mucosa and submucosa of the large colon and cecum; necrosis and lymphohistiocytic proliferation in the submucosal lymphoid follicles, with hyperplasia of goblet cells in the epithelial lining of these organs were also observed. The diagnosis of granulomatous enteritis associated with larval cyathostomiasis was made based on epidemiological, clinical, and gross findings which were confirmed by histopathology.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Alda J.L., Sallis E.S.V., Nogueira C.E.W., Soares M.P., Amaral L., Marcolongo-Pereira C., Frey Jr F. & Schild A.L. 2009. [Spontaneous Baccharis coridifolia (Compositae) poisoning in horses in southern Brazil.] Intoxicação espontânea por Baccharis coridifolia (Compositae) em eqüinos no Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(5):409-414. Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil. E-mail: alschild@terra.com.br An outbreak of spontaneous Baccharis coridifolia poisoning in horses in July 2008 is reported from southern Brazil. The poisoning affected three mares out of four that were transported from the state of Paraná to a farm in the municipality of Acegua, Rio Grande do Sul, and occurred 3 days after arrival of the animals in a paddock with sprouting B. coridifolia. The fourth mare introduced to another paddock without B. coridifolia was not affected. The mares had received only one third of the concentrate ration previously ingested and stayed during the night in a stall. Clinical signs were abdominal discomfort, increased cardiac and respiratory rate, anorexia, hypermotility of the gut, cecal tympany, and diarrhea. The clinical course was of 18-36 hours. One affected mare survived after symptomatic treatment. Gross lesions were severe congestion, hemorrhages, edema and ulcers of the glandular stomach. Congestion, edema and hemorrhages were also observed in ileum, cecum and large colon. Histologic examination revealed degeneration and necrosis of the aglandular epithelium of the stomach, gastritis and enteritis with infiltration by mononuclear cells and neutrophils, edema of the mucosa, and dilatation of lymphatic vessels. One horse was poisoned experimentally with 1g/kg body weight of B. coridifolia. Clinical signs and lesions were similar to those observed in the spontaneous cases.

• Baccharis coridifolia poisonous plants diseases of horses plant poisoning Compositae Plantas tóxicas intoxicação por plantas

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Alda J.L., Sallis E.S.V., Nogueira C.E.W., Soares M.P., Amaral L., Marcolongo-Pereira C., Frey Jr F. & Schild A.L. 2009. [Spontaneous Baccharis coridifolia (Compositae) poisoning in horses in southern Brazil.] Intoxicação espontânea por Baccharis coridifolia (Compositae) em eqüinos no Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(5):409-414. Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil. E-mail: alschild@terra.com.br An outbreak of spontaneous Baccharis coridifolia poisoning in horses in July 2008 is reported from southern Brazil. The poisoning affected three mares out of four that were transported from the state of Paraná to a farm in the municipality of Acegua, Rio Grande do Sul, and occurred 3 days after arrival of the animals in a paddock with sprouting B. coridifolia. The fourth mare introduced to another paddock without B. coridifolia was not affected. The mares had received only one third of the concentrate ration previously ingested and stayed during the night in a stall. Clinical signs were abdominal discomfort, increased cardiac and respiratory rate, anorexia, hypermotility of the gut, cecal tympany, and diarrhea. The clinical course was of 18-36 hours. One affected mare survived after symptomatic treatment. Gross lesions were severe congestion, hemorrhages, edema and ulcers of the glandular stomach. Congestion, edema and hemorrhages were also observed in ileum, cecum and large colon. Histologic examination revealed degeneration and necrosis of the aglandular epithelium of the stomach, gastritis and enteritis with infiltration by mononuclear cells and neutrophils, edema of the mucosa, and dilatation of lymphatic vessels. One horse was poisoned experimentally with 1g/kg body weight of B. coridifolia. Clinical signs and lesions were similar to those observed in the spontaneous cases.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Barbosa J.D., Albernaz T.T., Riet-Correa G, Cerqueira V.D., Soares S.O., Campos K.F., Oliveira C.M.C. & Duarte M.D. 2009. [Angular cheilitis in horses associated with ingestion of Panicum maximum.] Queilite angular traumática em eqüinos associada à ingestão de Panicum maximum. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(5):428-430. Central de Diagnóstico Veterinário, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Castanhal, Rua Maximino Porpino da Silva 1000, Castanhal, PA 68740-080, Brazil. E-mail: diomedes@ufpa.br A condition with enlargement of the oral cleft in horses was studied. The enlargement of varied extension was uni or bilateral. The cheek mucosa of the labial commissure showed slight erosions. During chewing there was loss of small amounts of grass and saliva through the oral cleft. The affected horses were in good nutritional condition. Histopathological studies of tissues obtained by biopsia, revealed a superficial epidermitis. The pastures consisted of Panicum maximum grass (varieties Tanzânia, Mombaça, Tobiatã and Colonião) which was mature, tall, lignified, with leaves of cutting edges. Based on epidemiological, clinical and histopathological data, it was concluded that the lesions were caused by the hard grass, favored by the way horses pull the tall grass and chew it.

• Cheilitis Panicum maximum diseases of horses

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Barbosa J.D., Albernaz T.T., Riet-Correa G, Cerqueira V.D., Soares S.O., Campos K.F., Oliveira C.M.C. & Duarte M.D. 2009. [Angular cheilitis in horses associated with ingestion of Panicum maximum.] Queilite angular traumática em eqüinos associada à ingestão de Panicum maximum. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(5):428-430. Central de Diagnóstico Veterinário, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Castanhal, Rua Maximino Porpino da Silva 1000, Castanhal, PA 68740-080, Brazil. E-mail: diomedes@ufpa.br A condition with enlargement of the oral cleft in horses was studied. The enlargement of varied extension was uni or bilateral. The cheek mucosa of the labial commissure showed slight erosions. During chewing there was loss of small amounts of grass and saliva through the oral cleft. The affected horses were in good nutritional condition. Histopathological studies of tissues obtained by biopsia, revealed a superficial epidermitis. The pastures consisted of Panicum maximum grass (varieties Tanzânia, Mombaça, Tobiatã and Colonião) which was mature, tall, lignified, with leaves of cutting edges. Based on epidemiological, clinical and histopathological data, it was concluded that the lesions were caused by the hard grass, favored by the way horses pull the tall grass and chew it.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Mendes H.M.F., Faleiros R.R., Vasconcelos A.C., Alves G.E.S. & Moore R.M. 2009. [Apoptosis in equine small colon subjected to experimental ischemia and reperfusion.] Apoptose no cólon menor eqüino submetido à isquemia e reperfusão experimentais. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(3):198-204. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil. E-mail: faleiros@ufmg.br Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion are important factors for mortality in horses. The objective of this study was to detect and to quantify apoptosis in the mucosa of equine small colon in a model of ischemia and reperfusion. The small colon was surgically exposed in twelve horses, and two intestinal segments were demarcated and subjected to 90 (SI) or 180 (SII) minutes of complete arteriovenous ischemia. Intestinal samples were collected before ischemia (control), at its end and after 90 and 180 minutes of reperfusion. Samples were histological processed and stained by hematoxylin and eosin (SI and SII) and by the technique of TUNEL (SI). Digitized histological images were analyzed morphometrically to detect apoptotic cells and to determine the apoptotic index (AI). After 90 or 180 minutes of arteriovenous ischemia, an increase in apoptotic cells was verified when compared with the control group, although no difference could be detected between the different periods of ischemia (P<0.05). After the first 90 minutes of reperfusion, a decrease in AI occurred, similar in both segments, possibly due to lack of energy source promoted by ischemia. AI was maximized after 180 minutes of reperfusion (sample harvested only in SI) (P<0.05). In conclusion, apoptosis is an important cause of cellular mucosal death in equine small colon ischemic obstruction, occurring early in ischemia, and later (after 90 minutes) in the reperfusion period.

• Horse small colon apoptosis ischemia and reperfusion

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Mendes H.M.F., Faleiros R.R., Vasconcelos A.C., Alves G.E.S. & Moore R.M. 2009. [Apoptosis in equine small colon subjected to experimental ischemia and reperfusion.] Apoptose no cólon menor eqüino submetido à isquemia e reperfusão experimentais. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(3):198-204. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil. E-mail: faleiros@ufmg.br Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion are important factors for mortality in horses. The objective of this study was to detect and to quantify apoptosis in the mucosa of equine small colon in a model of ischemia and reperfusion. The small colon was surgically exposed in twelve horses, and two intestinal segments were demarcated and subjected to 90 (SI) or 180 (SII) minutes of complete arteriovenous ischemia. Intestinal samples were collected before ischemia (control), at its end and after 90 and 180 minutes of reperfusion. Samples were histological processed and stained by hematoxylin and eosin (SI and SII) and by the technique of TUNEL (SI). Digitized histological images were analyzed morphometrically to detect apoptotic cells and to determine the apoptotic index (AI). After 90 or 180 minutes of arteriovenous ischemia, an increase in apoptotic cells was verified when compared with the control group, although no difference could be detected between the different periods of ischemia (P<0.05). After the first 90 minutes of reperfusion, a decrease in AI occurred, similar in both segments, possibly due to lack of energy source promoted by ischemia. AI was maximized after 180 minutes of reperfusion (sample harvested only in SI) (P<0.05). In conclusion, apoptosis is an important cause of cellular mucosal death in equine small colon ischemic obstruction, occurring early in ischemia, and later (after 90 minutes) in the reperfusion period.