PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Souza A.M., Marques D.F., Döbereiner J. & Dutra I.S. 2006. [Spores and toxins of Clostridium botulinum in raining ponds used as water supply for cattle in pastures in the Araguaia Valley, state of Goiás, Brazil.] Esporos e toxinas de Clostridium botulinum em cacimbas utilizadas como bebedouro de bovinos no Vale do Araguaia, Goiás. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(3):133-138. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74001-970, Brazil. E-mail: airesms@vet.ufg.br The occurrence and distribution of Clostridium botulinum spores and toxins type C and D in 300 ponds, used by cattle for drinking on 130 farms located in 12 municipalities of the Rio Araguaia valley, state of Goiás, Brazil, was evaluated. The presence of spores was determined indirectly by cultivation in culture medium, followed by inoculation and neutralization in mice of samples of the sediment from the bottom of the raining ponds, from superficial soil and from cattle feces collected to its circuit. The toxin presence was evaluated directly by inoculation in mice of the filtered sediment of the ponds, followed by the neutralization in mice with antitoxins C and D. The presence of C. botulinum spores was significantly more frequent (p<0,05) in the cattle feces (31%), when compared with the results of the superficial soil samples (19%) and the sediments (10%). Botulinum toxins of type C and D or classified as belonging to the CD compound were detected in 6 samples (2%) of the 300 ponds. Of the 130 worked farms, in 122 (93,85%) ponds Clostridium botulinum spores or toxins were found in at least one of the researched variables, whilst ponds on only 8 (6,15%) farms did not present any contamination. Age and depth of the ponds were associated with the frequency of detection of botulinum spores and toxins. The older and shallower the ponds were, the larger was the frequency of isolation of the spores and toxins. The contamination of the ponds in the Araguaia valley with Clostridium botulinum spores and toxins type C and D demonstrates the permanent and growing potential risk for the occurrence of botulism in cattle through drinking water.

• Clostridium botulinum spores botulinum toxin botulism water contamination ponds cattle

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Souza A.M., Marques D.F., Döbereiner J. & Dutra I.S. 2006. [Spores and toxins of Clostridium botulinum in raining ponds used as water supply for cattle in pastures in the Araguaia Valley, state of Goiás, Brazil.] Esporos e toxinas de Clostridium botulinum em cacimbas utilizadas como bebedouro de bovinos no Vale do Araguaia, Goiás. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(3):133-138. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74001-970, Brazil. E-mail: airesms@vet.ufg.br The occurrence and distribution of Clostridium botulinum spores and toxins type C and D in 300 ponds, used by cattle for drinking on 130 farms located in 12 municipalities of the Rio Araguaia valley, state of Goiás, Brazil, was evaluated. The presence of spores was determined indirectly by cultivation in culture medium, followed by inoculation and neutralization in mice of samples of the sediment from the bottom of the raining ponds, from superficial soil and from cattle feces collected to its circuit. The toxin presence was evaluated directly by inoculation in mice of the filtered sediment of the ponds, followed by the neutralization in mice with antitoxins C and D. The presence of C. botulinum spores was significantly more frequent (p<0,05) in the cattle feces (31%), when compared with the results of the superficial soil samples (19%) and the sediments (10%). Botulinum toxins of type C and D or classified as belonging to the CD compound were detected in 6 samples (2%) of the 300 ponds. Of the 130 worked farms, in 122 (93,85%) ponds Clostridium botulinum spores or toxins were found in at least one of the researched variables, whilst ponds on only 8 (6,15%) farms did not present any contamination. Age and depth of the ponds were associated with the frequency of detection of botulinum spores and toxins. The older and shallower the ponds were, the larger was the frequency of isolation of the spores and toxins. The contamination of the ponds in the Araguaia valley with Clostridium botulinum spores and toxins type C and D demonstrates the permanent and growing potential risk for the occurrence of botulism in cattle through drinking water.

Abstract in English:

Assis R.A., Lobato F.C.F., Serakides R., Santos R.L., Dias G.R.C., Nascimento R.A.P., Abreu V.L.V, Parreiras P.M. & Uzal F.A. 2005. Immunohistochemical detection of Clostridia species in paraffin-embedded tissues of experimentally inoculated guinea pigs. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(1):4-8. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Cx. Postal 567, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil. E-mail: assisra@rwnet.com.br Blackleg is caused by Clostridium chauvoei, whereas malignant oedema is caused by C. chauvoei, C. septicum, C. sordellii, C. perfringens type A, and/or C. novyi type A. Anti-C. chauvoei, anti-C. septicum, anti-C. sordellii and anti-C. novyi type A polyclonal antibodies were produced in rabbits and purified in a column of DEAE-cellulose. Aliquots of the antisera were conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate and the remaining was used for the streptavidin biotin peroxidase technique (SBPT). SBPT was standardized to detect C. chauvoei, C. septicum, C. sordellii and C. novyi type A in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of guinea pigs. SBPT was compared to a fluorescent antibody technique (FAT). Sections and smears of muscle from inoculation area (MIA), heart, liver, spleen and kidney, were obtained for both SBPT and FAT. Cross-reactions between the different Clostridial species were not observed. C. chauvoei and C. septicum were detected in all specimens from the animals inoculated with these microorganisms, while only sections of muscle obtained from all the animals inoculated with C. sordellii and C. novyi type A were positive. The same results observed by the SBPT, were obtained on tissue smears of these microorganisms stained by the FAT. The results indicate that SBPT is suitable for detection of C. chauvoei, C. septicum, C. sordellii and C. novyi type A in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of guinea pigs.

• Blackleg malignant oedema Clostridia guinea pigs fluorescent antibody technique streptavidin biotin peroxidase technique.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Assis R.A., Lobato F.C.F., Serakides R., Santos R.L., Dias G.R.C., Nascimento R.A.P., Abreu V.L.V, Parreiras P.M. & Uzal F.A. 2005. Immunohistochemical detection of Clostridia species in paraffin-embedded tissues of experimentally inoculated guinea pigs. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(1):4-8. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Cx. Postal 567, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil. E-mail: assisra@rwnet.com.br Blackleg is caused by Clostridium chauvoei, whereas malignant oedema is caused by C. chauvoei, C. septicum, C. sordellii, C. perfringens type A, and/or C. novyi type A. Anti-C. chauvoei, anti-C. septicum, anti-C. sordellii and anti-C. novyi type A polyclonal antibodies were produced in rabbits and purified in a column of DEAE-cellulose. Aliquots of the antisera were conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate and the remaining was used for the streptavidin biotin peroxidase technique (SBPT). SBPT was standardized to detect C. chauvoei, C. septicum, C. sordellii and C. novyi type A in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of guinea pigs. SBPT was compared to a fluorescent antibody technique (FAT). Sections and smears of muscle from inoculation area (MIA), heart, liver, spleen and kidney, were obtained for both SBPT and FAT. Cross-reactions between the different Clostridial species were not observed. C. chauvoei and C. septicum were detected in all specimens from the animals inoculated with these microorganisms, while only sections of muscle obtained from all the animals inoculated with C. sordellii and C. novyi type A were positive. The same results observed by the SBPT, were obtained on tissue smears of these microorganisms stained by the FAT. The results indicate that SBPT is suitable for detection of C. chauvoei, C. septicum, C. sordellii and C. novyi type A in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of guinea pigs.

Abstract in English:

Amaral A.L., Morés N., Barioni W.J., Ventura L., Silva R.A.M. & Silva V.S. 2004. [Risk factors at the growth-termination phase associated with the occurrence of lymphadenitis in swine.] Fatores de risco associados à ocorrência de linfadenite em suínos na fase de crescimento-terminação. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(3):120-122. Depto Epidemiologia, Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Cx. Postal 21, Concórdia, SC 89700-000, Brazil. E-mail: armando@cnpsa.embrapa.br An epidemiological study in 60 units of swine termination (UT), pertaining to producers integrated with the main Agribusiness of the States of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. These units had been selected due to the occurrence of lymphadenitis in slaughtered pigs. The batch size studied in each UT varied from 22 to 960 pigs. The animals were considered positive or negative for lymphadenitis, following the evaluation routine of the Service of Federal Inspection (SIF) at slaughter. For data collection at the UTs, a questionnaire with 156 variables was applied at a single visit to the farms. In the 60 UT studied, the percentage of positive animals for lymphadenitis was 10.37%. Among the variables analyzed, nine risk factors were identified (explicative variables) and associated with the occurrence of lymphadenitis (objective variables). The explicative variables were: bad hygiene of the feeders and drinking fountains, untreated drinking water, bad conservation of the facilities, use of the same truck for ration and animal transportation, production of ration inside the farm, free access of other animals to the ingredients of ration, storage of ready usable ration in boxes or bags and handling of the production of animals in an continuous system.

• Swine risk factors lymphadenitis.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Amaral A.L., Morés N., Barioni W.J., Ventura L., Silva R.A.M. & Silva V.S. 2004. [Risk factors at the growth-termination phase associated with the occurrence of lymphadenitis in swine.] Fatores de risco associados à ocorrência de linfadenite em suínos na fase de crescimento-terminação. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(3):120-122. Depto Epidemiologia, Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Cx. Postal 21, Concórdia, SC 89700-000, Brazil. E-mail: armando@cnpsa.embrapa.br An epidemiological study in 60 units of swine termination (UT), pertaining to producers integrated with the main Agribusiness of the States of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. These units had been selected due to the occurrence of lymphadenitis in slaughtered pigs. The batch size studied in each UT varied from 22 to 960 pigs. The animals were considered positive or negative for lymphadenitis, following the evaluation routine of the Service of Federal Inspection (SIF) at slaughter. For data collection at the UTs, a questionnaire with 156 variables was applied at a single visit to the farms. In the 60 UT studied, the percentage of positive animals for lymphadenitis was 10.37%. Among the variables analyzed, nine risk factors were identified (explicative variables) and associated with the occurrence of lymphadenitis (objective variables). The explicative variables were: bad hygiene of the feeders and drinking fountains, untreated drinking water, bad conservation of the facilities, use of the same truck for ration and animal transportation, production of ration inside the farm, free access of other animals to the ingredients of ration, storage of ready usable ration in boxes or bags and handling of the production of animals in an continuous system.

Abstract in English:

Oliveira A., Fonseca A.H., Ishikawa M.M. & Yoshinari N.H. 2004. [Cinetic growth of Borrelia burgdorferi (Spirochaetaceae) in different culture media.] Cinética do crescimento de Borrelia burgdorferi em diferentes meios de cultivo. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(2):61-64. Depto Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: adivaldo@ufrrj.br The cinetic of growth of Borrelia burgdorferi was studied during a 3-month period, using the following 8 culture media: (1) rabbit serum BSK, (2) swine serum BSK, (3) swine serum BSK+5 fluorouracil, (4) PMR, (5) CTB, (6) Dubos, (7) Brucella broth and (8) BHI. All media were prepared aseptically and were maintained in culture tubes of 10 ml capacity. For each medium, the inoculum was standardized to contain initially 102 spirochetes for each 0.1 ml of culture. The growth was monitorized by counting the total number of spirochetes in 0.1ml of medium in a dark field microscope, using a 10x30 mm cover slip. For the first 12 days, counting was done each 24 hours, and afterwards once a week during 14 weeks. There occurred growth of B. burgdorferi in all tested media, with the best performance of three of them: BSK with rabbit serum, BSK swine serum + 5 fluorouracil, and CTB medium. Growth of B. burgdorferi was seen from the 4th week on, reaching its maximum within 8-12 weeks, depleting the culture medium after this time. Cystic forms of B. burgdorferi were observed with all tested media.

• Culture medium Borrelia burgdorferi borreliosis Spirochaetaceae bacteria cultivation cinetic growth cystic forms.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Oliveira A., Fonseca A.H., Ishikawa M.M. & Yoshinari N.H. 2004. [Cinetic growth of Borrelia burgdorferi (Spirochaetaceae) in different culture media.] Cinética do crescimento de Borrelia burgdorferi em diferentes meios de cultivo. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(2):61-64. Depto Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: adivaldo@ufrrj.br The cinetic of growth of Borrelia burgdorferi was studied during a 3-month period, using the following 8 culture media: (1) rabbit serum BSK, (2) swine serum BSK, (3) swine serum BSK+5 fluorouracil, (4) PMR, (5) CTB, (6) Dubos, (7) Brucella broth and (8) BHI. All media were prepared aseptically and were maintained in culture tubes of 10 ml capacity. For each medium, the inoculum was standardized to contain initially 102 spirochetes for each 0.1 ml of culture. The growth was monitorized by counting the total number of spirochetes in 0.1ml of medium in a dark field microscope, using a 10x30 mm cover slip. For the first 12 days, counting was done each 24 hours, and afterwards once a week during 14 weeks. There occurred growth of B. burgdorferi in all tested media, with the best performance of three of them: BSK with rabbit serum, BSK swine serum + 5 fluorouracil, and CTB medium. Growth of B. burgdorferi was seen from the 4th week on, reaching its maximum within 8-12 weeks, depleting the culture medium after this time. Cystic forms of B. burgdorferi were observed with all tested media.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Colodel E.M., Driemeier D., Schmitz M., Germer M., Nascimento R.A.P., Assis R.A., Lobato F.C.F. & Uzal F.A. 2003. [Caprine enterotoxaemia in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.] Enterotoxemia em caprinos no Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 23(4):173-178. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Depto Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Cx. Postal 15094, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: moleta@terra.com.br Five outbreaks of caprine enterotoxaemia in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were studied. The animais were found dead or had a clinical course that usually lásted 2-3 hours. From two farms a clinical manifestation period of 12 hours was reported. Clinical signs were characterized by depression, marked abdominal discomfort, profuse watery diarrhea with fibrin clots, and death. Thirteen necropsies were performed and hydropericardium, hydrothorax and hydroperitoneum were commonly found. The mucosa and serosa of the colon were congested, and its contents was watery with multiple fibrin clots. Serosal hemorrhages and fibrin clots in the gallbladder were also seen. Fibrinous colitis and thyphilitis were the most frequent histological changes. Cerebral microangiopathy was observed in one case, which was characterized by acute perivascular proteinaceous edema around arterioles of the nucleus caudatus and thalamus. Large numbers of Gram-positive rods, of ten in clumps and with morphology consistent with Clostridium perfringens, were seen in intestinal smears. The intestinal contents of six goats were positive for epsilon toxin by mouse neutralization test. These findings suggest that enterotoxaemia is an important disease of goat flocks in southern Brazil.

• Goat enterotoxaemia Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin Enterotoxemia caprina toxina épsilon.

Abstract in Portuguese:

SINOPSE.- Colodel E.M., Driemeier D., Schmitz M., Germer M., Nascimento R.A.P., Assis R.A., Lobato F.C.F. & Uzal F.A. 2003. [Caprine enterotoxaemia in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.] Enterotoxemia em caprinos no Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 23(4):173-178. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Depto Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Cx. Postal 15094, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: moleta@terra.com.br São descritos surtos de enterotoxemia em caprinosem cinco propriedades no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os animais afetados eram, normalmente, encontrados mortos ou apresentavam evolução aguda de 2 a 3 horas com acentuada depressão, cólicas abdominais e diarréia profusa com fibrina. Em duas propriedades relataram-se casos com a evolução de até 12 horas. Em treze animais necropsiados observaram-se aumento de líquidos nas cavidades abdominal, torácica e pericárdica, congestão e hiperemia da serosa e mucosa do intestino, conteúdo do cólon líquido com fibrina além de hemorragias de serosa e fibrina. Em um animal constatou- se microangiopatia cerebral caracterizada por acúmulo de material homogêneo e eosinofilico no espaço perivascular. No conteúdo intestinal, colônias com bastonetes morfológica e bioquímicamente sugestivos de Clostridium pe,fringens foram caracterizadas no estudo bacteriológico. A soroneutralização em camundongos com conteúdo intestinal dos animais afetados, revelou a presença da toxina épsilon. Estes achados evidenciam a enterotoxemia como doença de importância para criação de caprinos no Rio Grande do Sul.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Viana J.H.M., Nascimento A.A., Pinheiro N.L., Ferreira A.M., Camargo L.S.A., Sá W.F. & Marques Júnior A.P. 2003. [Characterization of tissue damages after ovum pick-up in bovine.) Caracterização de seqüelas subseqüentes à punção folicular em bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 23(3):119-124. Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora, MG 36038-330, Brazil. E-mail: jhmviana@cnpgl.embrapa.br The aim of this studywas to evaluate lesions of the genital tract in animais used as oocyte donors. Gir breed cows (n=20) used in different experiments involving the ovum pick-up technique were evaluated. At the end of each experimental period the animais were examined by rectal palpation, ultrasonography and vaginoscopy. A group of cows (n=8) were selected for histopathologic characterization of ovarian lesions. Ovaries were surgically removed, fixed and processed for histological examination. The cows evaluated underwent 9 to 42 puncture sessions, and yielded 10 to 719 oocytes. There was a low prevalence (5.26%) of inflammatory changes in the vagina mucosa. The occurrence of adherence was significantly correlated with the number of puncture sessions the animal underwent (r=0.31; P<0.05), but not with the total of oocytes collected (r=0.03; P>0.05). The opposite was observed reganding ovarian fibrosis, which showed a high correlation with oocyte yield (r=0.53; P<0.05). Histopathologic evaluation revealed scar tissue, inflammatory cell infiltration and presence of luteal tissue dispersed within the ovarian stroma.

• Adherence cattle fibrosis follicular ablation ovarian lesions Ablação folicular aderência fibrose lesões de ovário bovinos.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Viana J.H.M., Nascimento A.A., Pinheiro N.L., Ferreira A.M., Camargo L.S.A., Sá W.F. & Marques Júnior A.P. 2003. [Characterization of tissue damages after ovum pick-up in bovine.] Caracterização de seqüelas subseqüentes à punção folicular em bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 23(3):119-124. Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora, MG 36038-330, Brazil. E-mail: jhmviana@cnpgl.embrapa.br Objetivaram-se avaliar lesões no trato genital em animais utilizados como doadores de oócitos. Foram examinadas vacas da raça Gir (n=20) que participaram de diferentes experimentos envolvendo a técnica de punção folicular. Ao término de cada período experimental, os animais foram examinados por palpação retal, ultra-sonografia e vagi-noscopia. Um grupo de vacas (n=8) foi selecionado para a caracterização histopatológica das lesões ovarianas. Os ovários foram retirados cirurgicamente, fixados e processados, e as lâminas obtidas coradas e analisadas. Fóram avaliados animais submetidos a entre nove e 42 sessões de punção, e que produziram entre 10 e 719 oócitos. Observou-se uma baixa prevalência (5,26%) de processos inflamatórios na mucosa do fundo de saco vaginal. A ocorrência de aderências apresentou uma correlação positiva com o número de sessões de punção a que o animal foi submetido (r=0,31; P<0,05), mas não com o total de oócitos recuperados (r=0,03; P>0,05). Tendência oposta foi observada em relação à fibrose ovariana, que apresentou uma alta correlação com o número de oócitos recuperados (r=0,53; P<0,05). A avaliação histopatológica demonstrou a presença de tecido cicatricial, infiltrados de células inflamatórias e presença de tecido luteal disperso no estroma ovariano.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Flores E.F., Weiblen R., Botton S.A., Medeiros M., lrigoyen L.F., Driemeier D., Schuch L.F. & Moraes M.S. 2000. A retrospective search for bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) antigens in histological specimens by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. [Pesquisa retrospectiva de antígenos do Vírus Respiratório Sincicial Bovino (BRSV) em cortes histológicos por imunofluorescência e imunohistoquímica.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 20(4): 139-143. Depto Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Bovine respiratory syncytial vírus (BRSV) has been only sporadically identified as a causa tive agent of respiratory disease in Brazil. This contrasts with frequent reports of clinical and histopathological findings suggestive of BRSV-associated disease. In order to examine a possible involvement of BRSV in cases of calf pneumonia, a retrospective search was performed for BRSV antigens in histological specimens submitted to veterinary diagnostic services from the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Minas Gerais. Ten out of 41 cases examined (24.4%) were positive for BRSV antigens by immunohistochemistry (IPX). Eight of these cases (19.5%) were also positive by indirect immunofluorescence (IFA), and 31 cases (75.6%) were negative in both assays. In the lungs, BRSV antigens were predominantly observed in epithelial cells of bronchioles and less frequently found in alveoli. In one case, antigens were detected only in the epithelium of the alveolar septae. The presence of antigen-positive cells was largely restricted to epithelial cells of these airways. In two cases, positive staining was also observed in cells and cellular debris in the exudate within the pulmonary airways. The clinical cases positive for BRSV antigens were observed mainly in young animals (2 to 12 month-old) from dairy herds. The main microscopic changes included bronchointerstitial pneumonia characterized by thickening of alveolar septae adjacent to airways by mononuclear cell infiltrates, and the presence of alveolar syncytial giant cells. In summary, the results demonstrate the suitability of the immunodetection of viral antigens in routinely fixed tissue specimens as a diagnostic tool for BRSV infection. Moreover, the findings provide further evidence of the importance of BRSVas a respiratory pathogen of young cattle in southeastern and southern Brazil.

• Bovine respiratory syncytial virus BRSV immunohistochemistry immunofluorescence diagnosis Vírus respiratório sincicial bovino imunohistoquímica imunofluorescência diagnóstico.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Flores E.F., Weiblen R., Botton S.A., Medeiros M., lrigoyen L.F., Driemeier D., Schuch L.F. & Moraes M.S. 2000. A retrospective search for bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) antigens in histological specimens by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. [Pesquisa retrospectiva de antígenos do Vírus Respiratório Sincicial Bovino (BRSV) em cortes histológicos por imunofluorescência e imunohistoquímica.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 20(4): 139-143. Depto Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. O Vírus Respiratório Sincicial Bovino (BRSV) tem sido raramente identificado como agente etiológico de doença respiratória em bovinos no Brasil. Isso contrasta com freqüentes relatos clínicos e histopatológicos sugestivos de enfermidade associada ao BRSV. Com o objetivo de investigar o possível envolvimento do BRSV em casos de pneumonia em bovinos jovens, realizou-se uma pesquisa retrospectiva para antígenos do BRSV em cortes histológicos de materiais submetidos a quatro serviços de diagnóstico nos Estados do Rio Grande do Sul e Minas Gerais. Dez entre 41 casos examinados (24,4%) foram positivos para antígenos do BRSV por imunohistoquímica (lPX). Oito desses casos (19,5%) também foram positivos por imunofluorescência (lFA) e 31 casos (75,6%) foram negativos em ambos os testes. Nos pulmões, antígenos virais foram detectados predominantemente nas células epiteliais dos bronquíolos e menos freqüentemente nos alveólos. Em um caso, antígenos virais foram detectados exclusivamente no epitélio alveolar. A presença de células positivas restringiu-se ao epitélio dessas vias aéreas. Em dois casos, antígenos virais foram detectados em células descamativas e em restos celulares no exsudato das vias aéreas. Os casos positivos para antígenos do BRSV eram oriundos principalmente de animais jovens (2 a 12 meses de idade) de rebanhos leiteiros. As principais alterações histológicas observadas foram pneumonia bronco-intersticial caracterizada por espessamento dos septos alveolares adjacentes às vias aéreas, infiltrados de células mononucleares e presença de células gigantes multinucleadas nos alveólos. Os resultados obtidos demonstram a utilidade dos métodos de detecção de antígenos em cortes histológicos para o diagnóstico da infecção pelo BRSV. Além disso, esses resultados confirmam evidências anteriores sobre a importância do BRSV como patógeno respiratório no sudeste e sul do Brasil.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Pardo P.E., Mettifogo E., Miiller E.E., Nascimento E.R., Buzinhani M., Yamaguti M. & Freitas J.C. 1998. [Etiology of intramammary infections in primiparous cows at postparturition.] Etiologia das infecções intramamárias em vacas primíparas no período pósparto. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 18(3/4):115-118. Depto Medicina Veterinária Preventiva/CCA, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. A total of 664 foremilk samples from 83 Holstein cows were cultured. Quarter samples were collected at parturition and 7 days post the first parturition. From 664 milk samples examined, 488 (73.50%) were bacteriologically negative and 176 (26.50%) were positive. A high incidence (20.48%) of clinical mastitis was observed. The most frequently encountered isolates were coagulase negative staphylococci (64.20%), coagulase positive staphylococci (8.52%), streptococci (7.96%), Actinomyces pyogenes (4.55%), Mycoplasma bovigenitalium (3.40%) and Escherichia coli (2.84%). The frequency of mastitis pathogen isolation was highest at parturition (17.62%) and decreased markedly during the first week (8.88%).

• Bovine mastitis primiparous cows etiology bovina mastite vacas primíparas etiologia.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Pardo P.E., Mettifogo E., Miiller E.E., Nascimento E.R., Buzinhani M., Yamaguti M. & Freitas J.C. 1998. [Etiology of intramammary infections in primiparous cows at postparturition.] Etiologia das infecções intramamárias em vacas primíparas no período pósparto. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 18(3/4):115-118. Depto Medicina Veterinária Preventiva/CCA, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. Foram analisadas 664 amostras de leite de 83 vacas primíparas da raça Holandesa. As amostras foram colhidas no primeiro e no sétimo dia após o parto. Das 664 amostras analisadas, 488 (73,50%) foram bacteriologicamente negativas e 176 (26,50%), positivas para microrganismos aeróbios. Foi observado um alto índice de mastite clínica (20,48%). Os agentes isolados com maior freqüência foram os Staphylococcus spp coagulase negativo (64,20%), Staphylococcus spp coagulase positivo (8,52%), Streptococcus spp (7,96%), Actinomyces pyogenes (4,55%), Mycoplasma bovigenitalium (3,40%) e Escherichia coli (2,84%). Foi observado um maior índice de isolamento de patógenos no primeiro dia (17,62%) em relação ao sétimo (8,88%).

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Abreu S.R.O., Castro R.S., Nascimento S.A. & Souza M.G. 1998. [CAEV nucleoproteic antigen production and comparison with Maedi-Visna antigen in the immunodiffusion test.] Produção de antígeno nucleoprotéico do vírus da artrite-encefalite caprina e comparação com o do vírus Maedi-Visna para utilização em teste de imunodifusão em ágar gel. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 18(2):57-60. Depto Med. Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua D. Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-030, Brazil. A comparison of Maedi-Visna virus (MW) and Caprine Arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) antigens for detection of antibodies to CAEV was performed using sera from 120 goats. The sensitivity and specificity of the immunodiffusion test using MW antigen compared to that of CAEV antigen was 77.3% and 100%, respectively (X2, p < 0.01). These results suggested that only CAEV antigen should be used in immunodiffusion tests for CAEV diagnosis.

• Caprine arthritis-encephalitis Maedi/Visna antigen immunodiffusion Artrite-encefalite caprina antígeno imunodifusão.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Abreu S.R.O., Castro R.S., Nascimento S.A. & Souza M.G. 1998. [CAEV nucleoproteic antigen production and comparison with Maedi-Visna antigen in the immunodiffusion test.] Produção de antígeno nucleoprotéico do vírus da artrite-encefalite caprina e comparação com o do vírus Maedi-Visna para utilização em teste de imunodifusão em ágar gel. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 18(2):57-60. Depto Med. Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua D. Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-030, Brazil. Foi feita uma comparação entre os antígenos (Ag), preparados a partir dos vírus Maedi-Visna (MW) e Artriteencefalite Caprina (CAEV) para detecção de anticorpos contra o CAEV em 120 amostras de soro caprino. A sensibilidade e especificidade relativa da imunodifusão em ágar gel (IDAG) usando-se Ag MW em relação ao Ag CAEV, foi 77,3% e 100%, respectivamente (X2, p<0,01). Assim, para diagnóstico de infecção pelo CAEV recomenda-se apenas o uso de Ag preparado a partir do CAEV.

Abstract in English:

An epidemiological survey on dairy goats in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, was carried out to determine the prevalence of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection. A total of 397 serum samples was examined by the agar gel immunodiffusion test using Maedi/Visna virus antigen. The prevalence was 17.6% (70/397), with at least one positive sample in 19 of 40 studied flocks. Significant differences (X2; p<0.05) were found between the rates of positivity recorded in pure bred (21.1%) (Saanen, Toggemburg and Alpine) and crossbred (9.8%) goats; also between animals older (40.0%) or younger (15.1-16.1%) than 4 and a half years. No differences were observed when the sampled population was grouped according to sex or flock composition (bucks, dams and kids).

• Caprine arthritis-encephalitis lentivirus survey Pernambuco Brazil

Abstract in Portuguese:

Com o objetivo de determinar a prevalência da artrite-encefalite caprina em criações de caprinos leiteiros no Estado de Pernambuco, amostras de soro foram testadas pela imunodifusão em ágar gel, utilizando-se antígeno do vírus Maedi/Visna. A prevalência observada foi de 17,6% (70/397), ocorrendo pelo menos um animal positivo em 19 das 40 criações estudadas. Foi observada maior frequência (X2; p<0,05%) de soropositivos nos animais puros (21,1 %) (Saanen, Toggemburg e Parda Alpina) que nos mestiços (9,8%), bem como o estrato de idade superior a 4 anos e meio (40%) que nos mais jovens (15,1-16,1%). Não houve diferença significativa entre as frequências observadas nos estratos formados segundo os critérios sexo e composição do rebanho (reprodutor, matriz e cabrito(a)).

• Artrite-encefalite caprina lentivírus epidemiologia Pernambuco Brasil