PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Cazerta S.M.M., Miglino M.A., Marques R.S., Vulcano M. & Pereira F.T.V. 2007. [Characterization of hemophagous areas of the bovine placenta.] Caracterização das áreas hemófagas da placenta bovina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(6):229-235. Faculdade de Zootecnia, Campus Dracena, Unesp, Rod. Com. João Ribeiro de Barros, SP294 Km 651, Dracena, SP 17900-000, Brazil. E-mail: fverechia@dracena.unesp.br The specific region of maternal fetal interface needs to be clarified and corresponds to the “arcade zone” of sheep and goat placentomes. In small ruminants that area is also characterized by macroscopic blood extravasation (hemophagous areas). This occurs possibly because the iron is transferred to the embryo by trophoblastic erytrophagocytosis in these hemophagous placental areas. In order to investigate the hemophagous placental areas in cattle, placentomes of 34 pregnant Bos indicus cows (2-3, 4-6, 7-8 and 9 months of gestation) were analyzed. They were fixed by perfusion with 10% formaldehyde aqueous solution and 4% paraformoldehyde in PBS, pH 7.4, 0.1M, processed and stained for light microscopy and histochemistry. The methodology used allowed to observe placental haematomes between the uterine and trophoblastic epithelium since 3 months of pregnancy. Erythrocytes had been found in the trophoblastic cells, elucidating the erytrophagocytosis. Through Perl’s histochemical reaction it was possible to prove the existence of ferric iron in the trophoblastic cells. The PAS reaction was positive staining mucoid substance in the epithelial cells, especially in the binucleate cells of the fetal epithelium. Based on histology and histochemistry, it can be inferred that the hemophagous areas are important sites for iron transfer in the bovine placenta.

• Erythrophagocytosis hemophagous areas bovine placenta reproduction trophoblast

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Cazerta S.M.M., Miglino M.A., Marques R.S., Vulcano M. & Pereira F.T.V. 2007. [Characterization of hemophagous areas of the bovine placenta.] Caracterização das áreas hemófagas da placenta bovina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(6):229-235. Faculdade de Zootecnia, Campus Dracena, Unesp, Rod. Com. João Ribeiro de Barros, SP294 Km 651, Dracena, SP 17900-000, Brazil. E-mail: fverechia@dracena.unesp.br The specific region of maternal fetal interface needs to be clarified and corresponds to the “arcade zone” of sheep and goat placentomes. In small ruminants that area is also characterized by macroscopic blood extravasation (hemophagous areas). This occurs possibly because the iron is transferred to the embryo by trophoblastic erytrophagocytosis in these hemophagous placental areas. In order to investigate the hemophagous placental areas in cattle, placentomes of 34 pregnant Bos indicus cows (2-3, 4-6, 7-8 and 9 months of gestation) were analyzed. They were fixed by perfusion with 10% formaldehyde aqueous solution and 4% paraformoldehyde in PBS, pH 7.4, 0.1M, processed and stained for light microscopy and histochemistry. The methodology used allowed to observe placental haematomes between the uterine and trophoblastic epithelium since 3 months of pregnancy. Erythrocytes had been found in the trophoblastic cells, elucidating the erytrophagocytosis. Through Perl’s histochemical reaction it was possible to prove the existence of ferric iron in the trophoblastic cells. The PAS reaction was positive staining mucoid substance in the epithelial cells, especially in the binucleate cells of the fetal epithelium. Based on histology and histochemistry, it can be inferred that the hemophagous areas are important sites for iron transfer in the bovine placenta.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Agreste F.R., Bombonato P.P. & Hernandez-Blazquez, F.J. 2007. [Morphometric characteristics of thymus development in dogs.] Características morfométricas do desenvolvimento do timo em cães. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(6):236-240. Departamento de Cirurgia, Setor de Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil. E-mail: bombonat@usp.br The thymus is an organ with great immunological relevance during foetus life and neonatal period, It is the predecessor of lymphopoiesis and shows high lymphopoietic activity, being also the largest lymphoid organ during intrauterine life and at birth. In this study, the morphological aspects of the prenatal development of dog thymus were described in foetus of different ages and sexes. Twenty-four foetus of mongrel domestic dogs, males and females, were divided into four age groups. The thymus presented two lobes linked by a rose-colored tissue connection that was localized in the cranial mediastinal space. The cranial portion protrudes slightly beyond the first pair of ribs. The cells that formed the thymus parenchyma were well organized. Concentric aggregates named Hassal corpuscles were observed, involved by a thin capsule of connective tissue thickened by adipose tissue. The vessels size gradually increased with the foetus age, being larger in animals that were closer to birth. The volume (Vref) and size parameters of female thymus were larger than in males.

• Thymus vascularization lymphatic system morphometry dogs

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Agreste F.R., Bombonato P.P. & Hernandez-Blazquez, F.J. 2007. [Morphometric characteristics of thymus development in dogs.] Características morfométricas do desenvolvimento do timo em cães. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(6):236-240. Departamento de Cirurgia, Setor de Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil. E-mail: bombonat@usp.br The thymus is an organ with great immunological relevance during foetus life and neonatal period, It is the predecessor of lymphopoiesis and shows high lymphopoietic activity, being also the largest lymphoid organ during intrauterine life and at birth. In this study, the morphological aspects of the prenatal development of dog thymus were described in foetus of different ages and sexes. Twenty-four foetus of mongrel domestic dogs, males and females, were divided into four age groups. The thymus presented two lobes linked by a rose-colored tissue connection that was localized in the cranial mediastinal space. The cranial portion protrudes slightly beyond the first pair of ribs. The cells that formed the thymus parenchyma were well organized. Concentric aggregates named Hassal corpuscles were observed, involved by a thin capsule of connective tissue thickened by adipose tissue. The vessels size gradually increased with the foetus age, being larger in animals that were closer to birth. The volume (Vref) and size parameters of female thymus were larger than in males.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Rodrigues M.A.M., Oliveira D.A., Taketomi E.A. & Hernandez-Blazquez F.J. 2007. IgA production, coliforms analysis and intestinal mucosa morphology of piglets that received probiotics with viable or inactivated cells. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(6):241-245. Departamento de Cirurgia, Setor de Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. Email: fjhblazq@usp.br Two types of probiotics were used in piglets. One product is a mixed culture of viable Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecium e Bifidobacterium bifidum. The second product is composed of inactivated Lactobacillus acidophilus cells. The piglets received two weekly oral doses for 30 days while a control group did not receive probiotics. All piglets were euthanized at the 30th day of life and the mesenteric lymph nodes, the small intestine, and blood samples were collected. The tissue samples were studied by light microscopy and the blood serum was analyzed by ELISA method. The treatment with the probiotic with viable cells produced higher serum levels of IgA (P<0.05) and more IgA expressing cells were found in the mesenteric lymph nodes than observed in the inactivated cells treatment or control groups (P<0.05). Also, intestinal villi were longer, crypts were deeper (P<0.05) and fecal coliform count was lower than found in the inactivated product (P<0.05). These results suggest that viable probiotics are more efficient than inactivated probiotics to induce immunostimulation and intestinal modifications in piglets, thus improving their health and development.

• Probiotics IgA piglets swine weaning Lactobacillus intestine

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Rodrigues M.A.M., Oliveira D.A., Taketomi E.A. & Hernandez-Blazquez F.J. 2007. IgA production, coliforms analysis and intestinal mucosa morphology of piglets that received probiotics with viable or inactivated cells. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(6):241-245. Departamento de Cirurgia, Setor de Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. Email: fjhblazq@usp.br Two types of probiotics were used in piglets. One product is a mixed culture of viable Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecium e Bifidobacterium bifidum. The second product is composed of inactivated Lactobacillus acidophilus cells. The piglets received two weekly oral doses for 30 days while a control group did not receive probiotics. All piglets were euthanized at the 30th day of life and the mesenteric lymph nodes, the small intestine, and blood samples were collected. The tissue samples were studied by light microscopy and the blood serum was analyzed by ELISA method. The treatment with the probiotic with viable cells produced higher serum levels of IgA (P<0.05) and more IgA expressing cells were found in the mesenteric lymph nodes than observed in the inactivated cells treatment or control groups (P<0.05). Also, intestinal villi were longer, crypts were deeper (P<0.05) and fecal coliform count was lower than found in the inactivated product (P<0.05). These results suggest that viable probiotics are more efficient than inactivated probiotics to induce immunostimulation and intestinal modifications in piglets, thus improving their health and development.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Iturrizaga D.M., Verechia F.T., Santos T.C., Bombonato P.P., Teixeira D.G. & Miglino M.A. 2007. The materno-fetal interface in llama (Lama guanicoe glama). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(6):221-228. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: miglino@usp.br Samples from 9 llamas (28 through 36 weeks of gestation) were collected and fixed in 4% buffered paraformaldehyde (light microscopy) and in 2.5% buffered glutaraldehyde (transmission and scanning electron microscopy). The material was processed in paraplast and slides (5mm) were stained with HE, PAS, Masson-Trichrome, acid phosphatase and Perl´s. The uteroferrin was immunolocalized. The results show that llama placenta is chorioallantoic, diffuse, folded and epitheliochorial, and the fetus is covered with an epidermal membrane. The trophoblast cells have variable morphology: cubic, rounded and triangular cells, with cytoplasm containing PAS-positive granules. Binucleated cells with large cytoplasm and rounded nuclei, as well as giant trophoblastic cells with multiple nuclei were also observed. Numerous blood vessels were observed beneath the cells of the uterine epithelium and around the chorionic subdivided branches. Glandular activity was shown by PAS, Perl´s, and acid phosphatase positive reactions in the cytoplasm and glandular lumen, and by immunolocalization of the uteroferrin in the glandular epithelium. The uterine glands open in spaces formed by the areoles, which are filled by PAS-positive material. The llama fetus was covered by the epidermal membrane, composed of stratified epithelium, with up to seven layers of mono-, bi- or trinucleated cells. The high level of maternal and fetal vascularization surfaces indicates an intense exchange of substances across both surfaces. The metabolic activity shown in the uterine glands suggests an adaptation of the gestation to the high altitudes of the natural habitat of this species.

• Placenta llama trophoblast uteroferrin ephiteliochorial morphology

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Iturrizaga D.M., Verechia F.T., Santos T.C., Bombonato P.P., Teixeira D.G. & Miglino M.A. 2007. The materno-fetal interface in llama (Lama guanicoe glama). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(6):221-228. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: miglino@usp.br Samples from 9 llamas (28 through 36 weeks of gestation) were collected and fixed in 4% buffered paraformaldehyde (light microscopy) and in 2.5% buffered glutaraldehyde (transmission and scanning electron microscopy). The material was processed in paraplast and slides (5mm) were stained with HE, PAS, Masson-Trichrome, acid phosphatase and Perl´s. The uteroferrin was immunolocalized. The results show that llama placenta is chorioallantoic, diffuse, folded and epitheliochorial, and the fetus is covered with an epidermal membrane. The trophoblast cells have variable morphology: cubic, rounded and triangular cells, with cytoplasm containing PAS-positive granules. Binucleated cells with large cytoplasm and rounded nuclei, as well as giant trophoblastic cells with multiple nuclei were also observed. Numerous blood vessels were observed beneath the cells of the uterine epithelium and around the chorionic subdivided branches. Glandular activity was shown by PAS, Perl´s, and acid phosphatase positive reactions in the cytoplasm and glandular lumen, and by immunolocalization of the uteroferrin in the glandular epithelium. The uterine glands open in spaces formed by the areoles, which are filled by PAS-positive material. The llama fetus was covered by the epidermal membrane, composed of stratified epithelium, with up to seven layers of mono-, bi- or trinucleated cells. The high level of maternal and fetal vascularization surfaces indicates an intense exchange of substances across both surfaces. The metabolic activity shown in the uterine glands suggests an adaptation of the gestation to the high altitudes of the natural habitat of this species.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Domingues-F. L.M. & Gioso M.A. 2007. [Comparison of the application of temporary endodontic dressing in teeth of dogs: histopathological and microbiological aspects.] Comparação entre sessão única e a utilização do “curativo de demora” no tratamento endodôntico em cães: aspectos histopatológicos e microbiológicos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(5):191-193. Departamento de Cirurgia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Bloco 8, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil. E-mail: lesliedf@usp.br During a root canal therapy the microbiota is the major concern. Bacteria present in dentinal tubules, apical foramens and apical delta is related to failure of this procedure. Some studies reveal that during endodontic treatment in one session bacteria still remain in dental structures. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the endodontic treatment in one or two sessions, using calcium hydroxide plus camphorated paramonochlorophenol (CMCP) with temporary endodontic medicaments. Four dogs were used, and two animals were submitted the treatment in one session only and the others in two sessions. Premolar teeth were used in this study: second and third upper premolar teeth and second, third and fourth lower premolar teeth were divided into two groups. Opening of the pulp chamber was performed with burns, and the pulp was exposed for 60 days. After this period the group treated in only session was obtured with gutta-percha and zinc oxide and eugenol, and the group treated in two sessions received the CMCP that remained in the canal per 30 days and was afterwards obtured with the material of the other group. Clinical and radiographical control was performed twice a week, and after 60 days a small block containing the teeth, surrounding periapical tissues and the periodontium was removed for histological and microbiological study. Histological analysis revealed intense inflammatory response in both groups. Microbiological analysis showed a more severe microbial reduction in the group treated in one session. However, bacteria were still observed in the two groups, indicating that none of the treatments presented total efficiency.

• Apical delta endodontics gutta-percha calcium hydroxide dog camphorate paramonochlorophenol

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Domingues-F. L.M. & Gioso M.A. 2007. [Comparison of the application of temporary endodontic dressing in teeth of dogs: histopathological and microbiological aspects.] Comparação entre sessão única e a utilização do “curativo de demora” no tratamento endodôntico em cães: aspectos histopatológicos e microbiológicos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(5):191-193. Departamento de Cirurgia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Bloco 8, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil. E-mail: lesliedf@usp.br During a root canal therapy the microbiota is the major concern. Bacteria present in dentinal tubules, apical foramens and apical delta is related to failure of this procedure. Some studies reveal that during endodontic treatment in one session bacteria still remain in dental structures. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the endodontic treatment in one or two sessions, using calcium hydroxide plus camphorated paramonochlorophenol (CMCP) with temporary endodontic medicaments. Four dogs were used, and two animals were submitted the treatment in one session only and the others in two sessions. Premolar teeth were used in this study: second and third upper premolar teeth and second, third and fourth lower premolar teeth were divided into two groups. Opening of the pulp chamber was performed with burns, and the pulp was exposed for 60 days. After this period the group treated in only session was obtured with gutta-percha and zinc oxide and eugenol, and the group treated in two sessions received the CMCP that remained in the canal per 30 days and was afterwards obtured with the material of the other group. Clinical and radiographical control was performed twice a week, and after 60 days a small block containing the teeth, surrounding periapical tissues and the periodontium was removed for histological and microbiological study. Histological analysis revealed intense inflammatory response in both groups. Microbiological analysis showed a more severe microbial reduction in the group treated in one session. However, bacteria were still observed in the two groups, indicating that none of the treatments presented total efficiency.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Machado T.F.S., Ferrigno C.R.A., Stopiglia A.J. & Pinto A.C.B.C.F. 2007. [Anatomic features of the dorsal venous sinus in skull of brachycephalous dogs.] Revisão anatômica do seio venoso sagital dorsal no crânio de cães braquicéfalos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(5):194-198. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. E-mail: tfsm@usp.br The dorsal venous sinuses of the Dura mater perform the cerebral and spinal cord drainage to keep homeostasis of the Central Nervous System. Injuries in the cerebral venous network may cause severe deficits, including hemiplegia, hemorrhage, coma and death. The main landmark for neurologic surgery is the Dura mater venous sinus. The aim of this study is to analyse the pathway of the Sinus sagittalis dorsalis in the brachycephalous skull, as the brachycephalous dogs have specific characteristics. The skulls were taken from 8 Boxer dogs and venous perfusion with latex and barium sulfate solution was performed. After the perfusion, radiographies and tomographies were obtained to relate the dorsal sagittal sinus and the skull averages. The cephalic index showed mean values of 91.24±8.34cm, and the cranio-facial index was 2.89±0.23cm. The venous sinus mensuration interface to the skull was: Área = 10.18±4.69mm2; D1 = 11.84±2.35mm; D2 = 19.57±2.61mm; D3 = 17.88±2.31mm; D4 = 25.32±5.68mm e D5 = 24.84±4.40mm.

• Brachycephalous dorsal venous sinus brain vasculature

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Machado T.F.S., Ferrigno C.R.A., Stopiglia A.J. & Pinto A.C.B.C.F. 2007. [Anatomic features of the dorsal venous sinus in skull of brachycephalous dogs.] Revisão anatômica do seio venoso sagital dorsal no crânio de cães braquicéfalos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(5):194-198. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. E-mail: tfsm@usp.br The dorsal venous sinuses of the Dura mater perform the cerebral and spinal cord drainage to keep homeostasis of the Central Nervous System. Injuries in the cerebral venous network may cause severe deficits, including hemiplegia, hemorrhage, coma and death. The main landmark for neurologic surgery is the Dura mater venous sinus. The aim of this study is to analyse the pathway of the Sinus sagittalis dorsalis in the brachycephalous skull, as the brachycephalous dogs have specific characteristics. The skulls were taken from 8 Boxer dogs and venous perfusion with latex and barium sulfate solution was performed. After the perfusion, radiographies and tomographies were obtained to relate the dorsal sagittal sinus and the skull averages. The cephalic index showed mean values of 91.24±8.34cm, and the cranio-facial index was 2.89±0.23cm. The venous sinus mensuration interface to the skull was: Área = 10.18±4.69mm2; D1 = 11.84±2.35mm; D2 = 19.57±2.61mm; D3 = 17.88±2.31mm; D4 = 25.32±5.68mm e D5 = 24.84±4.40mm.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Parizzi R.C., Miglino M.A., Maia M.O., Souza J.A., Santos J.M., Oliveira M.F. & Santos T.C. 2007. [Morphology of the ovary in rhea (Rhea americana).] Morfologia do ovário da ema (Rhea americana). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(3):89-94. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, USP, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270. E-mail: tcsantos@usp.br The ovarian morphology of the sexually mature rhea (Rhea Americana) is described. Ovaries from 24 adult rheas in their reproductive age were collected in the slaughterhouse. Follicular diameters (n = 18) were measured and samples (n = 6) were fixed in 10% formaldehyde with 0.1M phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 for light microscopy. Results showed that the left ovary occupied the dorsal portion of the celomatic cavity in contact with the cranial portion of the left kidney and the suprarenal gland, being supported in the cavity through the mesovary. On the free surface of the ovary 72.4±17.09 follicles in different phases of development and 30.4±3.65 atretic follicles were observed. The follicles were linked to the ovarian surface by the follicular stalk and had a wide band surrounding its surface, the Stigma folliculare. Histologically, the ovary is constituted by a medulla, composed by connective tissue and vessels, and by a cortex with oocytes and follicles. The follicular wall is composed by the Theca externa and Theca interna, Stratum granulosum and the Zona radiata. The ovary surface is covered by a cubic epithelium, the germinal epithelium, on the connective tissue of the Tunica albuginea. The morphologic characteristics of the ovary of the rhea are due to the egg size in this species and generally similar to other birds.

• Ovary follicle morphology avian anatomy rhea Rhea americana

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Parizzi R.C., Miglino M.A., Maia M.O., Souza J.A., Santos J.M., Oliveira M.F. & Santos T.C. 2007. [Morphology of the ovary in rhea (Rhea americana).] Morfologia do ovário da ema (Rhea americana). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(3):89-94. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, USP, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270. E-mail: tcsantos@usp.br The ovarian morphology of the sexually mature rhea (Rhea Americana) is described. Ovaries from 24 adult rheas in their reproductive age were collected in the slaughterhouse. Follicular diameters (n = 18) were measured and samples (n = 6) were fixed in 10% formaldehyde with 0.1M phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 for light microscopy. Results showed that the left ovary occupied the dorsal portion of the celomatic cavity in contact with the cranial portion of the left kidney and the suprarenal gland, being supported in the cavity through the mesovary. On the free surface of the ovary 72.4±17.09 follicles in different phases of development and 30.4±3.65 atretic follicles were observed. The follicles were linked to the ovarian surface by the follicular stalk and had a wide band surrounding its surface, the Stigma folliculare. Histologically, the ovary is constituted by a medulla, composed by connective tissue and vessels, and by a cortex with oocytes and follicles. The follicular wall is composed by the Theca externa and Theca interna, Stratum granulosum and the Zona radiata. The ovary surface is covered by a cubic epithelium, the germinal epithelium, on the connective tissue of the Tunica albuginea. The morphologic characteristics of the ovary of the rhea are due to the egg size in this species and generally similar to other birds.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Santos D.A.S., Ricci R.E.G., Prado I.M.M., Carvalho A.F., Bombonato P.P., Ambrósio C.E., Teixeira D.G., Santos T.C., H.-Brazquez F.J., Martins D.S., Morini A.C., Kfoury Jr J.R. & Miglino M.A. 2007. [Morphology and morphometry of buffalo mammary papillae.] Morfologia e morfometria das papilas mamárias de búfalas. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(3):95-102. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: ceambrosio@usp.br Fifteen papillae from female water buffaloes and one bovine female were obtained in a slaughter house for this study, which consisted in morphologic and biometrical analyses, histology and histometric and mesoscopical analyses. The means were: right cranial papilla (RCP) 20.95g; right caudal papilla (RCaP) 21.49g; left cranial papilla (LCP) 23.52g; and left caudal papilla (LCaP) 21.35g. Papillary duct average length, numbers of folds and papillary cisterns length were, respectively: 0.67/5,5 e 2.17cm for RCP; 0.62/6.0 e 2.26cm for RCaP; and for the left antimere: RCP: 0.71/6.0 e 2.26cm and for RCaP: 0.74/5.7 e 2.57cm. Pearson’s analysis revealed negative correlation between body weight and mammary glandular weight. Sampling of proximal, middle and distal area was taken and fixed into a 10% formaldehyde solution, followed by mesoscopical investigation through 10, 20 and 40µm thickness cuts stained by Azan, F3BA Picrosirus and Weigert-Van Gieson techniques. Histological and morphometric analyses were applied on 5µm thick samples and showed that the muscular layer was disposed into two arrangements, internal circular and external longitudinal with a bi-stratified cuboidal epithelium. A well developed muscular layer were related to the middle portion revealing thickness of 22.90mm with a great amount of connective tissue (7.10mm).

• Buffaloes mammary papilla morphometry morphology Buballus bubalis

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Santos D.A.S., Ricci R.E.G., Prado I.M.M., Carvalho A.F., Bombonato P.P., Ambrósio C.E., Teixeira D.G., Santos T.C., H.-Brazquez F.J., Martins D.S., Morini A.C., Kfoury Jr J.R. & Miglino M.A. 2007. [Morphology and morphometry of buffalo mammary papillae.] Morfologia e morfometria das papilas mamárias de búfalas. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(3):95-102. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: ceambrosio@usp.br Fifteen papillae from female water buffaloes and one bovine female were obtained in a slaughter house for this study, which consisted in morphologic and biometrical analyses, histology and histometric and mesoscopical analyses. The means were: right cranial papilla (RCP) 20.95g; right caudal papilla (RCaP) 21.49g; left cranial papilla (LCP) 23.52g; and left caudal papilla (LCaP) 21.35g. Papillary duct average length, numbers of folds and papillary cisterns length were, respectively: 0.67/5,5 e 2.17cm for RCP; 0.62/6.0 e 2.26cm for RCaP; and for the left antimere: RCP: 0.71/6.0 e 2.26cm and for RCaP: 0.74/5.7 e 2.57cm. Pearson’s analysis revealed negative correlation between body weight and mammary glandular weight. Sampling of proximal, middle and distal area was taken and fixed into a 10% formaldehyde solution, followed by mesoscopical investigation through 10, 20 and 40µm thickness cuts stained by Azan, F3BA Picrosirus and Weigert-Van Gieson techniques. Histological and morphometric analyses were applied on 5µm thick samples and showed that the muscular layer was disposed into two arrangements, internal circular and external longitudinal with a bi-stratified cuboidal epithelium. A well developed muscular layer were related to the middle portion revealing thickness of 22.90mm with a great amount of connective tissue (7.10mm).

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Farias M.M.M.D, Wenceslau C.V., Passos J., Teixeira D.G., Araújo K.P.C., Ambrósio C.E., Martins D.S. & Prada I.L.S. 2007. [Behavior of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves in the retropharyngeal region of sheep: apparent origin in cranium, course, branching and dis-tribution.] Comportamento dos nervos glossofaríngeo e vago, na região retrofaríngea de ovinos: origem aparente no crânio, trajeto, ramificação e distribuição. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(3):115-123. Setor de Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia. Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. E-mail: ceambrosio@usp.br In 60 hemiheads of sheep of the Santa Ines breed the apparent origin in the skull of itinerary, ramification and distribution of the glossopharingeal nerve (Gf) and the vagus nerve (Vg) in the retropharyngeal region (Rr) were studied. By fixation and dissection of the specimens it was seen that the glossopharyngeal nerve and the vagus nerve arise from the jugular foramen in 100% of the cases. The right and the left glossopharingeal nerve (Glde) are frequently (86.6%) located more medially to the tympanic bulla, pass caudally to the stylohyoid bone, bypass the margin of the caudal stylopharyngeal muscle, the tonsilla, of the pharyngeal and the lingual mucous membrane. These branches are distributed, respectively, in the carotid sinus, pharyngeal musculature, soft palate, stylopharyngeal muscle, palatine tonsil, pharyngeal mucosa and the caudal third of the tongue (100%). The right and the left vagus nerve run caudally in association with the accessory nerves (Ac) up to the atlas (70%) and go then medially to the occipital artery, dorsally to the common carotid and the sympathetic trunk in the cervical region (80%). The vague nerves have pharyngeal (86.6%) and cranial laryngeal (100%) branches.

• Anatomy sheep glossopharingeal nerve vagus nerve

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Farias M.M.M.D, Wenceslau C.V., Passos J., Teixeira D.G., Araújo K.P.C., Ambrósio C.E., Martins D.S. & Prada I.L.S. 2007. [Behavior of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves in the retropharyngeal region of sheep: apparent origin in cranium, course, branching and dis-tribution.] Comportamento dos nervos glossofaríngeo e vago, na região retrofaríngea de ovinos: origem aparente no crânio, trajeto, ramificação e distribuição. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(3):115-123. Setor de Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia. Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. E-mail: ceambrosio@usp.br In 60 hemiheads of sheep of the Santa Ines breed the apparent origin in the skull of itinerary, ramification and distribution of the glossopharingeal nerve (Gf) and the vagus nerve (Vg) in the retropharyngeal region (Rr) were studied. By fixation and dissection of the specimens it was seen that the glossopharyngeal nerve and the vagus nerve arise from the jugular foramen in 100% of the cases. The right and the left glossopharingeal nerve (Glde) are frequently (86.6%) located more medially to the tympanic bulla, pass caudally to the stylohyoid bone, bypass the margin of the caudal stylopharyngeal muscle, the tonsilla, of the pharyngeal and the lingual mucous membrane. These branches are distributed, respectively, in the carotid sinus, pharyngeal musculature, soft palate, stylopharyngeal muscle, palatine tonsil, pharyngeal mucosa and the caudal third of the tongue (100%). The right and the left vagus nerve run caudally in association with the accessory nerves (Ac) up to the atlas (70%) and go then medially to the occipital artery, dorsally to the common carotid and the sympathetic trunk in the cervical region (80%). The vague nerves have pharyngeal (86.6%) and cranial laryngeal (100%) branches.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Ferrigno C.R.A., Schmaedecke A. & Ferraz V.C.M. 2007. [A new surgical approach to acetabular denervation in dogs.] Abordagem cirúrgica inédita para denervação acetabular em cães. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(1):61-63. Departamento de Cirurgia do Hospital Veterinário, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. E-mail: cassioaf@usp.br The purpose of this study is to demonstrate a new surgical approach for the selective denervation of the sensitive fibers of the acetabular periosteum, for the treatment of hip dysplasia in dogs, conducted in 189 joints.The surgical approach of the cranial and dorso-lateral regions of the acetabular joint in dogs, by moon-shaped incision of approximately 3cm in extension, starting from the greater trocanter of the femur, in direction of the ileum body. After dorsal opening of the middle gluteal muscle, the insertion of the deep gluteal muscle is inserted for the access to the mentioned regions. With the help of a curette, the periosteum of the cranial and dorso-lateral acetabular margin was removed until the bone cortex was exposed, in all patients. In all animals, the approach was possible, both in the cranial as well as in the caudal faces for the access and curettage of the acetabulum, with the technique described, with a skin incision of about 3.2cm. The curettage of the cranial portion of the acetabulum was, in all cases, realized without the visualization of the bone, but of easy achievement and without intercurrences of nervous or muscular injuries. In all the approaches, it was possible to visualize the articular capsule of the coxo-femoral joint, and in none of the animals, this structure was incised for a technique mistake. The surgical approach described in the present study is feasible for this kind of surgical procedure in dogs, promoting adequate access, with minimal invasion and with no complications of any nature.

• Hip dysplasia surgical technique peripheral nerves dogs surgery

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Ferrigno C.R.A., Schmaedecke A. & Ferraz V.C.M. 2007. [A new surgical approach to acetabular denervation in dogs.] Abordagem cirúrgica inédita para denervação acetabular em cães. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(1):61-63. Departamento de Cirurgia do Hospital Veterinário, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. E-mail: cassioaf@usp.br The purpose of this study is to demonstrate a new surgical approach for the selective denervation of the sensitive fibers of the acetabular periosteum, for the treatment of hip dysplasia in dogs, conducted in 189 joints.The surgical approach of the cranial and dorso-lateral regions of the acetabular joint in dogs, by moon-shaped incision of approximately 3cm in extension, starting from the greater trocanter of the femur, in direction of the ileum body. After dorsal opening of the middle gluteal muscle, the insertion of the deep gluteal muscle is inserted for the access to the mentioned regions. With the help of a curette, the periosteum of the cranial and dorso-lateral acetabular margin was removed until the bone cortex was exposed, in all patients. In all animals, the approach was possible, both in the cranial as well as in the caudal faces for the access and curettage of the acetabulum, with the technique described, with a skin incision of about 3.2cm. The curettage of the cranial portion of the acetabulum was, in all cases, realized without the visualization of the bone, but of easy achievement and without intercurrences of nervous or muscular injuries. In all the approaches, it was possible to visualize the articular capsule of the coxo-femoral joint, and in none of the animals, this structure was incised for a technique mistake. The surgical approach described in the present study is feasible for this kind of surgical procedure in dogs, promoting adequate access, with minimal invasion and with no complications of any nature.