Resultado da pesquisa (8)
Termo utilizado na pesquisa samambaia
#1 - Ocurrence enzootic hematuria in buffaloes in Brazil: epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects
Abstract in English:
It is reported the occurrence of enzootic hematuria (EH) in buffaloes in Brazil after performing an epidemiological survey and clinicopathological analises. To date, EH caused by ingestion of Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum, a radiomimetic plant popularly known as “bracken fern”, has not been described in this species in Brazil. Bovine EH is responsible for high economic losses in Brazil’s Southeast Region not only because of the deaths it causes, but also owing to its negative effect on productivity. In São José do Barreiro County, São Paulo, some farmers in areas with a high incidence of bovine EH have been replacing cattle with buffaloes, based on the premise that the latter would be more resistant to poisoning by ingestion of Pteridium spp. However, even though initial observations indicated that buffaloes are indeed less sensitive than cattle to the toxic principle of Pteridium spp., cases of hematuria in this species have been reported. According to preliminary date, EH only occurs in buffaloes over six years of age. Macroscopic examination revealed a thickened urinary vesicle mucosa, along with multiple foci of ulcerated, exophytic, verrucous, and pedunculated lesions. In one of the buffaloes studied, the bladder wall was ruptured and exhibited marked secondary inflammation. Histologically, neoplastic and non-neoplastic changes similar to those described in cattle poisoned by Pteridium spp. were observed. The neoplasms found included papilloma, carcinoma in situ, urothelial carcinoma (low and high grade), inverted, microcystic, and trabecular variants, urothelial carcinoma with divergent differentiation (squamous and glandular), squamous cell carcinoma, lymphangioma, hemangioma, and hemangiosarcoma. There was also coexistence of epithelial and mesenchymal neoplasms. Bovine papillomavirus particles were not detected by polymerase chain reaction in the bladder samples analyzed.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Descreve-se, através de levantamento epidemiológico e avaliação clínico-patológica, a ocorrência de hematúria enzoótica (HE) em búfalos no Brasil. Essa condição, causada pela ingestão da planta radiomimética Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum, conhecida popularmente como “samambaia” ou “samambaia do campo”, até então não havia sido descrita nessa espécie no Brasil. Na Região Sudeste, a HE bovina é responsável por elevadas perdas econômicas, devidas não apenas aos óbitos, mas também em função da queda de produtividade. No município de São José do Barreiro/SP, alguns produtores de áreas com alta incidência de HE bovina, vêm substituindo os bovinos por búfalos, com base na premissa de que estes seriam mais resistentes à intoxicação. Embora, de acordo com observações iniciais, os búfalos realmente sejam menos sensíveis que os bovinos ao princípio tóxico de Pteridium spp., ainda assim, tem-se verificado a ocorrência de casos de hematúria nessa espécie. De acordo com o levantamento inicial, a HE só ocorre em búfalos com idade a partir de seis anos. Ao exame macroscópico, verificou-se a mucosa da bexiga espessa, com múltiplos focos de lesões ulceradas, exofíticas, papiliformes, verrucosas, pedunculadas. Histologicamente, foram observadas alterações neoplásicas e não neoplásicas semelhantes às descritas nos bovinos com HE. Entre as neoplasias foram encontrados papiloma, carcinoma in situ, carcinoma urotelial (baixo e alto grau), variantes invertida, microcística e trabecular, carcinoma urotelial com diferenciação divergente (escamosa e glandular), carcinoma de células escamosas, linfangioma, hemangioma e hemangiossarcoma. Ocorreu também coexistência entre neoplasias epiteliais e mesenquimais. Não foram detectadas partículas de papilomavírus bovino pelo teste PCR nas amostras de bexiga analisadas.
#2 - Clinical and pathological findings and control methods of the poisoning by Pteridium (aquilinum) arachnoideum in a farm of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 38(8):1584-1596
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Boabaid F.M., Oliveira L.G.S., Dalto A.G.C., Bandarra P.M., Souza F.S., Sonne L. & Driemeier D. 2018. [Clinical and pathological findings and control methods of the poisoning by Pteridium (aquilinum) arachnoideum in a farm of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.] Achados clínico-patológicos e métodos de controle da intoxicação por Pteridium (aquilinum) arachnoideum em uma propriedade do Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 38(8):1584-1596. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br
The infestation of pastures by populations of Pteridium arachnoideum has been a considerable and global problem to the livestock production, due to animal mortality and pasture coverage reduction. Given the impact of P. arachnoideum on cattle production, it has been proposed to monitor a beef cattle farm in Rio Grande do Sul, to assess some of the losses associated with the plant consumption and the methods employed for the plant control. A survey of cattle deaths associated with fern poisoning on the farm was carried out from January 2007 to January 2015. In addition, the viability of sheep as a biological control tool was tested. Attempts to control the plant through the use of the herbicides methylsulfuron‑methyl and picloram associated or not with previous mowing were monitored. Cases of natural poisoning observed in the farm included the acute form (22), known as hemorrhagic diathesis as well as the chronic form, consisting in digestive carcinomas (6). Five cases of hemorrhagic diathesis in young cattle went along with marked laryngeal edema, which was clinically manifested as dyspnea and roaring, in addition to the classic pathological changes of widespread hemorrhages and infarcts. Even though less frequent, upper digestive tract carcinomas caused significant losses, due to annual mortality of mature cows. In occasions, when cattle were moved to newly mowed infested areas, outbreaks of acute poisoning were observed. The attempted control by sheep introduction showed to be unpractical, due to the little consumption seen at a stocking rate of four sheep per hectare. However, sheep mortality due to P. arachnoideum consumption was not recorded. The plant control method applied at the farm is based on both, the mowing of densely populated areas and the use of herbicides, namely metylsulfuron-methyl and picloram, in all paddocks. The reduction of P. arachnoideum coverage showed to be varied in different paddocks, however allowed the recovery of some grazing areas. This practice needs further studies, as some areas have not had satisfactory pasture recovery, and its indiscriminate use could lead to environmental impacts and resistance of P. arachnoideum to herbicides.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Boabaid F.M., Oliveira L.G.S., Dalto A.G.C., Bandarra P.M., Souza F.S., Sonne L. & Driemeier D. 2018. [Clinical and pathological findings and control methods of the poisoning by Pteridium (aquilinum) arachnoideum in a farm of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.] Achados clínico-patológicos e métodos de controle da intoxicação por Pteridium (aquilinum) arachnoideum em uma propriedade do Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 38(8):1584-1596. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br
A infestação de pastagens por Pteridium arachnoideum é um problema que afeta a pecuária em diversas partes do mundo, ocasionando perdas produtivas e mortalidades nos rebanhos, bem como a redução das áreas de pastagens. Devido aos prejuízos na bovinocultura, foi proposto o acompanhamento de uma propriedade no Rio Grande do Sul com perdas por Pteridium arachnoideum. Realizou-se um levantamento das mortes associadas à intoxicação por samambaia na propriedade durante o período de janeiro de 2007 a janeiro de 2015. Adicionalmente, testou-se a viabilidade de ovinos como ferramenta de controle biológico de samambaia e se acompanhou as tentativas de controle da planta através do uso dos herbicidas metilsulfuron-metil e picloram, os quais eram associados ou não à roçada prévia. Das mortes por intoxicação natural acompanhadas na propriedade, observou‑se 22 casos de quadro agudo de diátese hemorrágica e seis de quadro crônico de carcinomas do trato digestório superior. Em cinco bovinos jovens com diátese hemorrágica, além de hemorragias disseminadas e infartos, observou-se acentuado edema laríngeo, que cursava, clinicamente, com dispneia e estertores respiratórios característicos. Os carcinomas do trato digestório superior, apesar de menos frequentes, causaram perdas expressivas, devido à mortalidade anual de reprodutoras. Notou-se que a introdução de bovinos jovens em áreas recentemente roçadas pode resultar no consumo de grandes quantidades de samambaia e na ocorrência de surtos da enfermidade aguda. O controle das populações de samambaia pelo pastejo por ovinos não foi eficiente, devido ao baixo consumo observado com a lotação de quatro ovinos por hectare, embora mortalidade de ovinos por consumo da planta não tenha sido registrada. Após a retirada do potreiro infestado por samambaia, ao final do experimento, oito dos ovinos foram acompanhados, clinicamente, por três anos e não apresentaram nenhuma alteração. A utilização dos herbicidas resultou em uma redução da cobertura de P. arachnoideum. No entanto, essa prática necessita de estudos adicionais, já que algumas áreas não tiveram recuperação satisfatória da pastagem e o seu uso pode causar impactos ambientais e aquisição de resistência de P. arachnoideum aos herbicidas.
#3 - Profile of farms with pastures invaded by Pteridium arachnoideum in northern Mato Grosso and prevalence of bovine enzootic hematuria, 34(8):753-759
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Furlan F.H., Costa F.L., Torres Jr S.C.S., Kerber F.L., Damasceno E.S., Salino A. & Riet-Correa F. 2014. [Profile of farms with pastures invaded by Pteridium arachnoideum in northern Mato Grosso and prevalence of bovine enzootic hematuria.] Perfil de propriedades rurais com pastos invadidos por Pteridium arachnoideum na região norte de Mato Grosso e prevalência de hematúria enzoótica bovina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34(8):753-759, Hospital Veterinário, Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Alexandre Ferronato 1200, Distrito Industrial, Sinop, MT 78550-000, Brazil. E-mail: furlan@ufmt.br
The profile of 40 farms with pastures invaded by Pteridium arachnoideum in northern Mato Grosso as well as the prevalence of bovine enzootic haematuria (BEH) in dairy and beef cattle in the region are described. The BEH was observed in 15/40 properties with prevalence rates ranging from 0.8 to 16.6%. Aspects related to the deployment of pastures and management are discussed. In most farms where BEH occurs, the pastures were highly invaded by the plant, whereas in most farms where HEB does not occur the pastures had less than 10% of Pteridium arachnoideum. Deforestation and the use of fire were determinant factors in the invasion of the paddocks by P. arachnoideum.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Furlan F.H., Costa F.L., Torres Jr S.C.S., Kerber F.L., Damasceno E.S., Salino A. & Riet-Correa F. 2014. [Profile of farms with pastures invaded by Pteridium arachnoideum in northern Mato Grosso and prevalence of bovine enzootic hematuria.] Perfil de propriedades rurais com pastos invadidos por Pteridium arachnoideum na região norte de Mato Grosso e prevalência de hematúria enzoótica bovina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34(8):753-759, Hospital Veterinário, Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Alexandre Ferronato 1200, Distrito Industrial, Sinop, MT 78550-000, Brazil. E-mail: furlan@ufmt.br
Descreve-se o perfil de 40 propriedades rurais com pastagens invadidas por Pteridium arachnoideum na região norte de Mato Grosso, bem como a prevalência de hematúria enzoótica bovina (HEB) em bovinos de leite e corte nessa região. A HEB foi observada em 15/40 propriedades com prevalências variando entre 0,8 e 16,6%. Aspectos relacionados à implantação das pastagens e manejos utilizados foram discutidos. A maior parte das propriedades que apresentaram HEB possuíam pastagens altamente invadidas pela planta, enquanto que a maioria das propriedades que nunca apresentaram animais acometidos por HEB possuíam pastos com áreas invadidas abaixo de 10%. O desmatamento e a utilização de queimada foram fatores determinantes na invasão de piquetes por P. arachnoidem.
#4 - Acute poisoning by Pteridium arachnoideum and Pteridium caudatum in cattle and distribution of the plants in Mato Grosso, 34(4):343-348
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Furlan F.H., Mendes E.R.S., Ducatti K.R., Marcon G.C., Dombrosky T., Amorim T.M. & Riet-Correa F. 2014. [Acute poisoning by Pteridium arachnoideum and Pteridium caudatum in cattle and distribution of the plants in Mato Grosso.] Intoxicação aguda por Pteridium aracnoideum e Pteridium caudatum em bovinos e distribuição das plantas em Mato Grosso. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34(4):343-348. Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Hospital Veterinário, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Alexandre Ferronato 1200, Distrito Industrial, Sinop, MT 78550-000, Brazil. E-mail: furlan@ufmt.br
Epidemiological features, clinical signs and pathological findings of a spontaneous acute poisoning by Pteridium arachnoideum and Pteridium caudatum in cattle in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, are described. The plant distribution, magnitude and some aspects about the pasture invasion by P. arachnoideum and P. caudatum in the State are also described. Pteridium spp. were found in 83 farms from nine counties and 22 of them were submitted to taxonomic identification. P. arachnoideum was found in 22 farms and in two farms also P. caudatum. Deforestation and burning appear to be associated with pasture invasion by Pteridium spp. On the farm where the poisoning occurred 306 cattle were introduced into a pasture of Brachiaria brizantha intensely invaded by P. arachnoideum and P. caudatum. Twenty two cattle were poisoned by the plants and died. The main clinical signs were hemorrhages, high fever, apathy, fatigue, weakness and recumbency. Gross findings included variable degrees of hemorrhages in several organs and cavities with occasional infarcts. The most consistent histological finding was marked bone marrow aplasia. Epidemiological, clinical and pathological findings associated with the taxonomic identofication of the plant support the diagnosis of acute poisoning by P. arachnoideum and P. caudatum in cattle. The increasing rate of deforestation and frequent burning in Mato Grosso can contribute to this disease which becomes a major cause of economic losses to livestock production in the State.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Furlan F.H., Mendes E.R.S., Ducatti K.R., Marcon G.C., Dombrosky T., Amorim T.M. & Riet-Correa F. 2014. [Acute poisoning by Pteridium arachnoideum and Pteridium caudatum in cattle and distribution of the plants in Mato Grosso.] Intoxicação aguda por Pteridium aracnoideum e Pteridium caudatum em bovinos e distribuição das plantas em Mato Grosso. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34(4):343-348. Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Hospital Veterinário, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Alexandre Ferronato 1200, Distrito Industrial, Sinop, MT 78550-000, Brazil. E-mail: furlan@ufmt.br
São descritos os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos de um surto de intoxicação por Pteridium arachnoideum e Pteridium caudatum em bovinos no Estado de Mato Grosso. A distribuição dessas plantas no Estado, a intensidade de invasão de pastagens e alguns fatores associados à invasão das pastagens por Pteridium spp. são também descritos. Pteridium spp. foi observada em 83 propriedades de nove municípios de Mato Grosso e deste total, amostras de 22 propriedades foram coletadas para identificação taxonômica. Em 22 propriedades identifica-se P. arachnoideum e em duas dessas havia também P. caudatum. O desmatamento e a realização de queimadas parecem estar relacionados com a invasão de Pteridium spp. nas pastagens. Na propriedade em que ocorreu a doença, 306 bovinos foram introduzidos em uma pastagem formada por Brachiaria brizantha intensamente invadida por P. arachnoideum e P. caudatum e desses 22 bovinos adoeceram e morreram. Os principais sinais clínicos foram febre alta, apatia, fadiga, fraqueza e decúbito. Na necropsia havia graus variáveis de hemorragias em vários órgãos e cavidades e infartos ocasionais. Microscopicamente, a alteração mais importante consistiu em aplasia severa da medula óssea vermelha. Os achados epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos associados à identoificação taxonômica da planta fundamentam o diagnóstico de intoxicação aguda por P. arachnoideum e P. caudatum em bovinos. O crescente desmatamento e a frequente utilização de queimadas em Mato Grosso podem contribuir para que esta doença venha a ser uma importante fonte de prejuízos para a pecuária do Estado.
#5 - Relationship between lymphopenia and the persistence of alimentary papillomatosis in cattle chronically and spontaneously poisoned by bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum), 31(5):383-388
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Masuda E.K., Kommers G.D., Rosa F.B., Barros C.S.L., Fighera R.A. & Piazer J.V.M. 2011. [Relationship between lymphopenia and the persistence of alimentary papillomatosis in cattle chronically and spontaneously poisoned by bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum).] Relação entre a linfopenia e a persistência da papilomatose alimentar em bovinos intoxicados crônica e espontaneamente por samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(5):383-388. Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil. E-mail:glaukommers@yahoo.com
Bovine papillomavirus type-4 (BPV-4) is responsible for the development of papillomas in the upper digestive tract (UDT) of cattle. The necessary steps for the development, growth and regression of papillomas are intimately related with the immunological status of the animal. The consumption of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) has been pointed out as the major factor involved in the persistence of BPV-4 infection of the UDT. The theory involving the relationship between alimentary papillomas and the formation of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) suggests the persistence of alimentary papillomatosis through a chronic immunosupressive lymphopenic state induced by bracken fern. The papillomas would serve then as a development site of SCCs through the interaction of BPV-4 oncoproteins and bracken carcinogens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between lymphopenia and alimentary papillomatosis in spontaneous cases of chronic bracken fern poisoning of cattle. The age, intensity of papillomatosis and the leukon were evaluated of 40 cattle with SCCs of the UDT. Three animals had leukopenia and one had neutrophilia. The mean lymphocyte count (and standart deviation) of mild, moderate and severe papillomatosis was 5,395(±1,696)/mm3, 4,560(±1,561)/mm3 and 5,007(±1,786)/mm3, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the intensity of alimentary papillomasis, age and the lymphocyte count. Immunosupression by lymphopenia was a sporadic finding (three cases) in the present study. The results demonstrate that the persistence of alimentary papilomatosis in spontaneous cases of bracken fern-related SCCs of the UDT is not related to lymphopenia and it may be related to other immunological factors.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Masuda E.K., Kommers G.D., Rosa F.B., Barros C.S.L., Fighera R.A. & Piazer J.V.M. 2011. [Relationship between lymphopenia and the persistence of alimentary papillomatosis in cattle chronically and spontaneously poisoned by bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum).] Relação entre a linfopenia e a persistência da papilomatose alimentar em bovinos intoxicados crônica e espontaneamente por samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(5):383-388. Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil. E-mail:glaukommers@yahoo.com
Papilomavírus bovino tipo 4 (BPV-4) é responsável pelo desenvolvimento de papilomas no trato alimentar superior (TAS) de bovinos. Os passos necessários para o crescimento, o desenvolvimento e a regressão dos papilomas estão intimamente relacionados com o estado imunológico do animal. A ingestão de samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum) tem sido relacionada como o principal fator envolvido na persistência da infecção pelo BPV-4 no TAS. A teoria que estabelece a relação entre papilomatose alimentar e a formação de CCEs sugere a produção de um estado imunossupressivo crônico pela planta, permitindo a persistência dos papilomas no TAS. Os papilomas serviriam então como sítios de desenvolvimento dos CCEs através da interação entre as proteínas do BPV-4 e os carcinógenos da samambaia. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação entre a quantidade de linfócitos circulantes e a papilomatose alimentar em casos de intoxicação espontânea crônica por P. aquilinum em bovinos com CCE no TAS. Quarenta bovinos com CCEs no TAS foram avaliados quanto à idade, à intensidade da papilomatose alimentar no TAS e ao leucograma. Três bovinos tinham leucopenia e um apresentava neutrofilia. A média de linfócitos foi de 5.395 (±1.696) na papilomatose leve, 4.560 (±1.561) na moderada e 5.007 (±1.786) na acentuada. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o grau de papilomatose, a idade e a quantidade de linfócitos circulantes. Imunossupressão por linfopenia foi um achado esporádico (três casos) neste estudo. Os resultados indicam que a persistência da papilomatose alimentar em casos espontâneos de intoxicação crônica por samambaia em bovinos não tem relação com a quantidade de linfócitos circulantes e que talvez esteja relacionada a outros fatores imunológicos.
#6 - Experimental acute poisoning by bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) in cattle, 29(9):753-766
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Anjos B.L., Irigoyen L.F., Piazer J.V.M., Brum J.S., Fighera R.A. & Barros C.S.L. 2009. [Experimental acute poisoning by bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) in cattle.] Intoxicação experimental aguda por samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum) em bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(9):753-766. Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil. E-mail: claudioslbarros@uol.com.br
This experiment was design to address the following points in relation to the acute poisoning by bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) in cattle: 1) the severity of the thrombocytopenia in different stages of the intoxication and its relationship to possible deficits in the secondary hemostasis, 2) the relationship between neutropenia and the morphological signs of septicemia occasionally found at necropsy, and 3) the mechanism of anemia and its relationship with blood loss, medium life of erythrocytes and the progress of the disease. The fresh green upper parts of P. aquilinum were fed to four mixed breed calves with average age of 18 months and weights ranging from 190 to 215 kg. A calf of similar age and weight was kept together with the other four under the same conditions, except for the ingestion of P. aquilinum. The four fern-fed calves died with typical features of acute bracken fern poisoning after being fed with the plant for 53-58 days daily doses of 8.0, 8.6, 10.2, and 10.6g/kg body weight totaling at the end of the experiment, respectively, 59.3%, 63.3%, 47.4%, and 47.5% of bracken fern in relation to their body weight. The disease was characterized by fever up to 42.5°C and varying degrees of hemorrhages observed clinically, at necropsy and on histological examination. Death occurred 6-7 days after the onset of fever. The hematological changes consisted mainly of marked thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. Two of the four affected calves had mild anemia. The deficits in secondary hemostasis were mild in each case. There were no significant changes thus permitting to rule out the role of secondary hemostasis in the pathogenesis of the hemorrhages in the bracken fern poisoning. The measurement of fibrin degradation products in the serum showed conflicting results and did no allow for a solid conclusion regarding the role of disseminated intravascular coagulation in the pathogenesis of the hemorrhages in fern poisoning. The cytology and the histopathology of bone marrow from the four poisoned calves revealed marked decrease in the numbers of hematopoietic cells from the three marrow lineages, which characterizes marrow failure due to aplasia; it was concluded that the events of the primary hemostasis due to thrombocytopenia are responsible for the hemorrhages. In blood culture from three affected calves there was growth of Klebsiella oxytoca, Staphylococcus hyicus and Staphylococcus aureus, indicating that septicemia, facilitated by neutropenia could have a role in the death of cattle acutely poisoned due to the ingestion of P. aquilinum. Additional points of the interest in the acute experimental poisoning by bracken fern in cattle reported here were the development of hematuria and the so called laryngeal form.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Anjos B.L., Irigoyen L.F., Piazer J.V.M., Brum J.S., Fighera R.A. & Barros C.S.L. 2009. [Experimental acute poisoning by bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) in cattle.] Intoxicação experimental aguda por samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum) em bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(9):753-766. Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil. E-mail: claudioslbarros@uol.com.br
Este experimento foi delineado para investigar os seguintes pontos em relação à intoxicação aguda por samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum) em bovinos: 1) a intensidade da trombocitopenia em diferentes momentos da intoxicação e sua relação com possíveis déficits na hemostasia secundária, 2) a relação da neutropenia com as manifestações morfológicas de septicemia ocasionalmente observadas na necropsia, e 3) o mecanismo da anemia e sua relação com a perda de sangue, a vida média eritróide e a evolução da doença. As hastes superiores mais verdes de P. aquilinum foram administradas a quatro bovinos sem raça definida, com idade média de 1,5 ano e pesos entre 190-215 kg. Um bovino de idade e peso semelhantes foi usado como controle e, exceto por não ter recebido P. aquilinum, foi mantido nas mesmas condições que os outros quatro. Os quatro bovinos que receberam a planta morreram com quadro característico da intoxicação aguda por samambaia após receberem durante 53-58 dias, doses diárias de 8,0, 8,6, 10,2 e 10,6g/kg de peso corporal, que totalizaram, ao final do experimento, respectivamente, 112,7, 107,6, 85,7, 90,15 kg da planta, o que corresponde, respectivamente, a 59,3%, 63,3%, 47,4%, 47,5% da planta em relação ao peso dos bovinos. A doença caracterizou-se por febre de até 42,5°C e diversos graus de hemorragias observadas clinicamente, na necropsia e na histopatologia. A morte ocorria 6-7 dias após o início do quadro febril. As alterações hematológicas revelaram trombocitopenia e neutropenia acentuadas. Em dois dos quatro bovinos havia anemia leve. Não houve variações significativas nos tempos de coagulação dos bovinos intoxicados, quando avaliados os fatores de coagulação (secundária), excluindo-se assim a possibilidade da participação de distúrbios da hemostasia secundária na patogênese das hemorragias nessa intoxicação. A determinação dos produtos da degradação da fibrina no soro revelou dados conflitantes, não permitindo concluir se a coagulação intravascular disseminada tem participação na patogênese das hemorragias nessa intoxicação. A citopatologia e histopatologia da medula óssea dos quatro bovinos intoxicados revelaram acentuada diminuição no número de células hematopoéticas das três linhagens medulares, caracterizando insuficiência medular por aplasia; conclui-se que apenas eventos da hemostasia primária devidos a trombocitopenia são responsáveis pelas hemorragias. Na hemocultura de três dos bovinos intoxicados houve crescimento de Klebsiella oxytoca, Staphylococcus hyicus e Staphylococcus aureus, indicando que a septicemia, facilitada pela neutropenia, pode ter participação na causa da morte de bovinos na intoxicação aguda pela ingestão de P. aquilinum. Aspectos adicionais de interesse na reprodução da intoxicação aguda por samambaia em bovinos deste relato incluem o desenvolvimento de hematúria na doença aguda e a apresentação da chamada forma laríngea da doença.
#7 - Intoxicação aguda por samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum) em bovinos na Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul, p.501-507
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Anjos B.L., Irigoyen L.F., Fighera R.A., Gomes A.D., Kommers G.D & Barros C.S.L. 2008. [Acute poisoning by bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) in cattle in central Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.] Intoxicação aguda por samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum) em bovinos na Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(10):501-507. Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. E-mail: claudioslbarros@uol.com.br
Cases of acute poisoning by bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) in cattle from 10 small farms of seven municipalities of the Central Region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, were reviewed. The study encompassed 6,256 necropsies of cattle considering a 43-year period and included 15 necropsies of cattle dying from acute bracken poisoning. Morbidity and mortality were 17.9% and lethality was virtually 100%. In 40% of the farms the disease occurred in small outbreaks affecting several cattle per farm and in 60% only one bovine was affected in each farm. Main clinical signs include fever (40-42°C), apathy, drooling, and hemorrhages; the latter were mainly from the gums, nostrils, and gastrointestinal tract. Multiple petechiae were observed in several mucosae and in the skin. Occasionally hematuria and blood in the milk were reported. The disease was invariably fatal after a course of approximately two days. Hematological changes included severe neutropenia, non-regenerative normocytic normochromic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Necropsy findings include hemorrhages o varying degrees in several organs and infarcts in the liver. Both hemorrhages and hepatic infarcts were confirmed histologically; clusters of bacterial rods and thrombosed vessels were associated with the infarcts. Marked bone marrow aplasia was a consistent finding in the four cases in which the marrow was evaluated.
Abstract in Portuguese:
ABSTRACT.- Anjos B.L., Irigoyen L.F., Fighera R.A., Gomes A.D., Kommers G.D & Barros C.S.L. 2008. [Acute poisoning by bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) in cattle in central Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.] Intoxicação aguda por samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum) em bovinos na Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(10):501-507. Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. E-mail: claudioslbarros@uol.com.br
Cases of acute poisoning by bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) in cattle from 10 small farms of seven municipalities of the Central Region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, were reviewed. The study encompassed 6,256 necropsies of cattle considering a 43-year period and included 15 necropsies of cattle dying from acute bracken poisoning. Morbidity and mortality were 17.9% and lethality was virtually 100%. In 40% of the farms the disease occurred in small outbreaks affecting several cattle per farm and in 60% only one bovine was affected in each farm. Main clinical signs include fever (40-42°C), apathy, drooling, and hemorrhages; the latter were mainly from the gums, nostrils, and gastrointestinal tract. Multiple petechiae were observed in several mucosae and in the skin. Occasionally hematuria and blood in the milk were reported. The disease was invariably fatal after a course of approximately two days. Hematological changes included severe neutropenia, non-regenerative normocytic normochromic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Necropsy findings include hemorrhages o varying degrees in several organs and infarcts in the liver. Both hemorrhages and hepatic infarcts were confirmed histologically; clusters of bacterial rods and thrombosed vessels were associated with the infarcts. Marked bone marrow aplasia was a consistent finding in the four cases in which the marrow was evaluated.
#8 - Neoplasias do trato alimentar superior de bovinos associadas ao consumo espontâneo de samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum)
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Moreira Souto M.A., Kommers G.D., Barros C.S.L., Piazer J.V.M., Rech R.R., Riet-Correa F. & Schild A.L. 2006. [Neoplasms of the upper digestive tract of cattle associated with spontaneous ingestion of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum).] Neoplasias do trato alimentar superior de bovinos associadas ao consumo espontâneo de samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(2):112-122. Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. E-mail: glaukommers@yahoo.com
Thirty bovine with neoplasms of the upper digestive tract (UDT) associated with spontaneous ingestion of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) were studied. They were from 27 farms, located in the municipalities of Jaguari (23) and Nova Esperança do Sul (4), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The total cattle population in those farms was 1,090 and large amounts of bracken fern were found in the pastures. Twenty-six of the affected cattle were cows and four were castrated males, 3-13 years of age; most of them were 7-8 years old (46,6%). Clinical signs observed in the affected animals were progressive weight loss, absence of ruminal movements, cough, dysphagia, regurgitation, halitosis, diarrhea, and bloat. Less frequent signs were selective appetite, dyspnea, and salivation. Two bovine died and 28 were submitted to euthanasia in advanced stage of disease and necropsied. The main gross and microscopic alterations were found in identical areas of the UDT. They consisted of papillomas, transforming papillomas, and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Metastases of SCCs to regional lymph nodes and other organs, such as liver and lungs, were also observed (18/30). Twenty-nine bovine had papillomas of various sizes in several areas of the UDT. The digestive papillomatosis ranged from mild (45%), to moderate (38%), to severe (17%). Three developing phases were observed microscopically in the examined papillomas: an early growing phase, a developing phase, and a regressing phase. In 16 cases, there was malignant transformation of papillomas into SCCs. The SCCs were solitary (12/30) or multiple (18/30) and were histologically well, moderately, or poorly differentiated. Grouping the distribution of SCCs of larger extension in the UDT into cranial region (base of the tongue, pharynx/oropharynx, and epiglottis), medial region (esophagus), and caudal region (cardia and rumen), the distribution was cranial in 39%, middle in 16%, and caudal in 45% of the cases. By the same grouping criteria, but considering the total number of times SCCs of varied extensions were diagnosed in the cranial, middle, and caudal regions, the percentages changed to 34%, 26%, and 40%, respectively. The epidemiological and histomorphological evidences found in this study are in agreement with the observations that point out the co-carcinogenesis between bovine papillomavirus type 4 infection and chemicals of bracken fern in the pathogenesis of the SCCs in the UDT of cattle. However, the presence of pre-neoplastic changes and SCCs in situ or in early stages of development, independently of the presence of papillomas, clearly indicates the possibility of development of SCCs from normal epithelium, probably due to the direct action of the chemical carcinogens contained in bracken fern.
Abstract in Portuguese:
ABSTRACT.- Moreira Souto M.A., Kommers G.D., Barros C.S.L., Piazer J.V.M., Rech R.R., Riet-Correa F. & Schild A.L. 2006. [Neoplasms of the upper digestive tract of cattle associated with spontaneous ingestion of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum).] Neoplasias do trato alimentar superior de bovinos associadas ao consumo espontâneo de samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(2):112-122. Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. E-mail: glaukommers@yahoo.com
Thirty bovine with neoplasms of the upper digestive tract (UDT) associated with spontaneous ingestion of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) were studied. They were from 27 farms, located in the municipalities of Jaguari (23) and Nova Esperança do Sul (4), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The total cattle population in those farms was 1,090 and large amounts of bracken fern were found in the pastures. Twenty-six of the affected cattle were cows and four were castrated males, 3-13 years of age; most of them were 7-8 years old (46,6%). Clinical signs observed in the affected animals were progressive weight loss, absence of ruminal movements, cough, dysphagia, regurgitation, halitosis, diarrhea, and bloat. Less frequent signs were selective appetite, dyspnea, and salivation. Two bovine died and 28 were submitted to euthanasia in advanced stage of disease and necropsied. The main gross and microscopic alterations were found in identical areas of the UDT. They consisted of papillomas, transforming papillomas, and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Metastases of SCCs to regional lymph nodes and other organs, such as liver and lungs, were also observed (18/30). Twenty-nine bovine had papillomas of various sizes in several areas of the UDT. The digestive papillomatosis ranged from mild (45%), to moderate (38%), to severe (17%). Three developing phases were observed microscopically in the examined papillomas: an early growing phase, a developing phase, and a regressing phase. In 16 cases, there was malignant transformation of papillomas into SCCs. The SCCs were solitary (12/30) or multiple (18/30) and were histologically well, moderately, or poorly differentiated. Grouping the distribution of SCCs of larger extension in the UDT into cranial region (base of the tongue, pharynx/oropharynx, and epiglottis), medial region (esophagus), and caudal region (cardia and rumen), the distribution was cranial in 39%, middle in 16%, and caudal in 45% of the cases. By the same grouping criteria, but considering the total number of times SCCs of varied extensions were diagnosed in the cranial, middle, and caudal regions, the percentages changed to 34%, 26%, and 40%, respectively. The epidemiological and histomorphological evidences found in this study are in agreement with the observations that point out the co-carcinogenesis between bovine papillomavirus type 4 infection and chemicals of bracken fern in the pathogenesis of the SCCs in the UDT of cattle. However, the presence of pre-neoplastic changes and SCCs in situ or in early stages of development, independently of the presence of papillomas, clearly indicates the possibility of development of SCCs from normal epithelium, probably due to the direct action of the chemical carcinogens contained in bracken fern.
