Resultado da pesquisa (39)
Termo utilizado na pesquisa Lucena R.B.
#1 - Clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical characterization of spontaneous neoplasms in pet rodents in Northeastern Brazil
Abstract in English:
In the last decade, there has been a significant increase in the demand for small rodents such as hamsters, guinea pigs, rats, and mice to be kept as pets. Consequently, the veterinary care provided to these animals has also increased. The aim of this study was to describe gross, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of 26 spontaneous neoplasms diagnosed in 25 pet rodents in Northeastern Brazil. A retrospective study was carried out from 2014 to 2022 in two veterinary diagnostic laboratories to identify cases of tumoriform lesions in these species. Hamsters represented the most frequent species in this study (60%, 15/25), followed by rats (28%, 7/25), guinea pigs (8%, 2/25), and mice (4%, 1/25), with a mean age of 17.63 months. The anatomical regions of the face/head and thoracic region were the most affected. The most affected tissues were the skin/subcutaneous/mucosal (65%, 15/26) and mammary gland (23%, 6/26). Eighteen different types of neoplasms were diagnosed, and T-cell lymphomas and mammary adenocarcinomas were the most diagnosed tumors, each corresponding to 12% (3/26) of the cases. Leiomyosarcoma, myxosarcoma and mammary adenocarcinoma metastases were also noted. Immunohistochemistry was essential for the diagnosis of certain malignant mesenchymal and round-cell neoplasms. Pet rodent neoplasms in Northeastern Brazil are common, especially in hamsters, and immunohistochemistry can be a useful tool for the definitive diagnosis of these tumors.
Abstract in Portuguese:
In the last decade, there has been a significant increase in the demand for small rodents such as hamsters, guinea pigs, rats, and mice to be kept as pets. Consequently, the veterinary care provided to these animals has also increased. The aim of this study was to describe gross, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of 26 spontaneous neoplasms diagnosed in 25 pet rodents in Northeastern Brazil. A retrospective study was carried out from 2014 to 2022 in two veterinary diagnostic laboratories to identify cases of tumoriform lesions in these species. Hamsters represented the most frequent species in this study (60%, 15/25), followed by rats (28%, 7/25), guinea pigs (8%, 2/25), and mice (4%, 1/25), with a mean age of 17.63 months. The anatomical regions of the face/head and thoracic region were the most affected. The most affected tissues were the skin/subcutaneous/mucosal (65%, 15/26) and mammary gland (23%, 6/26). Eighteen different types of neoplasms were diagnosed, and T-cell lymphomas and mammary adenocarcinomas were the most diagnosed tumors, each corresponding to 12% (3/26) of the cases. Leiomyosarcoma, myxosarcoma and mammary adenocarcinoma metastases were also noted. Immunohistochemistry was essential for the diagnosis of certain malignant mesenchymal and round-cell neoplasms. Pet rodent neoplasms in Northeastern Brazil are common, especially in hamsters, and immunohistochemistry can be a useful tool for the definitive diagnosis of these tumors.
#2 - Causes of dog mortality in Paraíba/Brazil: Use of DATASIMA for data diagnosis and mapping
Abstract in English:
Analyzing the causes of death in dogs is fundamental for controlling and preventing diseases, thereby promoting greater longevity and quality of life. However, the current literature lacks standardization and uniformity in the diagnostic description, forms, and instruments for collecting data and maintaining dog obituary records. Using data from the Data Platform of the Animal Mortality Information System (DATASIMA), which uses the Declaration of Animal Death and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), the classification of the causes of death of dogs attended by veterinary doctors was conducted at the “Universidade Federal da Paraíba”, from January to December 2022. The causes of death were stratified, promoting their geo-referencing and the characterization of the epidemiological profile of the dogs. A total of 264 cadavers were analyzed, and the most prevalent groups of diseases causing death were pathophysiological disorders (37.87%, n=100), infectious and parasitic diseases (28.4%, n=75), neoplasms (21.59%, n=57), and external causes (12.12%, n=32). The causes of death were categorized according to sex and age range, showing a higher prevalence of pathophysiological disorders and infectious diseases in adults, neoplasms in elderly dogs, and infections and parasitic diseases and pathophysiological disorders in offspring. The findings of this study demonstrate the feasibility of using DATASIMA for the mapping and standardization of data on the causes of animal death, allowing for strategies for intervention in public health, the prevention of zoonoses, the reduction of garbage codes, better and more efficient communication between veterinary doctors, and the possibility of using ICD-10 to classify the causes of animal death.
Abstract in Portuguese:
A análise das causas de morte de cães é fundamental para o controle e prevenção de doenças destes animais, promovendo maior longevidade e qualidade de vida. Entretanto, a literatura atual carece de padronização e uniformidade da descrição diagnóstica, formas e instrumentos de coleta de dados e manutenção dos registros obituários de cães. Por meio da Plataforma de Dados do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade Animal (DATASIMA), que utiliza a Declaração de Óbito Animal e a Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID-10), realizou-se a classificação das causas de morte de cães atendidos por médicos veterinários no Laboratório de Patologia do Hospital Veterinário de Areia entre janeiro e dezembro de 2022, estratificando-as, promovendo o georreferenciamento dessas causas e caracterizando o perfil epidemiológico dos cães. Analisou-se 264 cadáveres, com os grupos de afecções causadoras de morte mais prevalentes sendo: distúrbios fisiopatológicos (37,87%; n=100), doenças infecto-parasitárias (28,4%; n=75), neoplasias (21,59%; n=57) e causas externas (12,12%; n=32). Categorizou-se as causas de morte de acordo com o sexo e faixa etária, observando-se maior prevalência em adultos de distúrbios fisiopatológicos e afecções infecciosas, neoplasias em cães idosos e doenças infecto-parasitárias e distúrbios fisiopatológicos em filhotes. Os achados do estudo mostram a viabilidade de se utilizar a DATASIMA para o mapeamento e padronização de dados sobre as causas de morte animais, permitindo estratégias de intervenção em saúde pública, prevenção de zoonoses, redução de códigos garbage, melhor e mais eficiente comunicação entre médicos veterinários e a possibilidade de utilização do CID-10 para classificar causas de morte animais.
#3 - Causes of death in companion, livestock, and wild animals: A systematic review and Garbage Codes analysis
Abstract in English:
Companion, livestock, and wild animals have various biological, behavioral, and ecological differences that may lead to distinct pathological conditions. Moreover, unlike human medicine, there is no standardized code for classifying diseases in animals, resulting in varied presentations of findings across studies. Standardizing these data can help clinicians identify diseases and facilitate communication among veterinarians. A systematic review of the literature was conducted across five databases to identify the main causes of animal death in the domains “companion”, “livestock”, and “wild” animals. The analysis included the 31 articles provided in the evidence summary section. Subsequently, the causes of death were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision (ICD-10) and analyzed according to the presence of Garbage Codes. There was considerable diversity in the causes of death and how they were assessed and reported in each domain. Each species and domain demonstrated a high proportional mortality of causes uncommon in other domains. The companion domain included seven articles, livestock had nine articles, and wild animals had fifteen articles with 66.85%, 71.43 %, and 20.06% Garbage Codes, respectively. The different causes of death and their descriptions indicate a low level of uniformization in the presentation of findings in veterinary medicine. The causes varied based on the domains and species investigated, highlighting real distinctions between these populations. The application of ICD-10 for standardizing the diagnosis of animal mortality proved useful in detecting highly prevalent Garbage Codes.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Animais de companhia, produção e selvagens tem várias diferenças biológicas, comportamentais e ecológicas que podem culminar em condições patológicas distintas. Além disso, não há códigos padronizados para a classificação de doenças em animais, como é o caso dos humanos, resultando em apresentações variadas dos achados entre estudos. A padronização desses dados pode auxiliar os clínicos a identificarem doenças e facilitar a comunicação entre médicos veterinários. Uma revisão sistemática da literatura foi conduzida entre cinco bases de dados acerca das principais causas de morte de acordo com os domínios de animais de “companhia”, “produção” e “selvagens”. A análise incluiu 31 artigos dispostos no sumário de evidências. Em seguida, as causas de morte foram classificadas de acordo com a Classificação Internacional de Doenças, décima revisão (CID-10) e analisada quanto a presença de Códigos Garbage. Verificou-se uma diversidade considerável nas causas de morte e como foram acessadas e reportadas em cada domínio. Cada espécie e domínio demonstrou uma alta mortalidade proporcional de causas que são incomuns aos outros. O domínio de animais de companhia incluiu sete artigos, o de produção nove e animais selvagens quinze artigos com 66,85%, 71,43% e 20,06% de Códigos Garbage, respectivamente. As diferentes causas de morte e suas descrições indicam um baixo nível de padronização para a apresentação de achados na medicina veterinária. As causas variaram bastante de acordo com os domínios e espécies investigados, mostrando distinções reais entre essas populações. A aplicação da CID-10 para a padronização de diagnósticos de mortalidade animal provou-se útil em detectar a alta prevalência de Códigos Garbage.
#4 - An outbreak of avian pox in greater rheas (Rhea americana) in Northeast Brazil
Abstract in English:
Greater rheas (Rhea americana) are Brazil’s largest non-flying bird species. Currently, they are listed as “Near Threatened” on IUCN’s Red List of Endangered Species, mainly because of animal trafficking, deforestation and illegal hunting. Greater rheas’ diseases are poorly documented in Brazil, although they are a native species, and there are conservational scientific facilities that keep and reproduce them. We report an outbreak of avian pox in 13 juvenile greater rheas (Rhea americana) in Northeast Brazil. All 13 rheas infected with the virus developed clinical signs associated with respiratory disease, such as serous nasal discharge; they were gasping and breathing with their beaks open. Severe whitish, chronicle and round-crusted multifocal to coalescent nodules formed on their skin. Out of the 13 affected rheas, nine (69%) died a few weeks after the first clinical signs. Only four (31%) of the rheas survived after unspecified treatment with antibiotics. Two rheas were referred to necroscopic evaluation at the “Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária” of “Universidade Federal da Paraíba”, Campus II, Areia. Microscopically, acantholytic lesions, hyperkeratosis, heterophilic infiltrate and the presence of Bollinger bodies, the pathognomonic inclusion body caused by poxvirus, were seen in the skin. Thus, the avian pox diagnosis was confirmed by clinical and histopathological examinations. This study seems to be the first on avian pox in greater rheas in Northeast Brazil. Investigating the causes of death of wild native birds is essential to the preservation of species. Greater rheas are an important part of the ecosystem and suffer from illegal hunting and animal trafficking. Necroscopic examination allows us to detect pathogens and take prophylactic measures to avoid the decreasing number of wild populations.
Abstract in Portuguese:
As emas (Rhea americana) são a maior espécie de ave não-voadora do Brasil. Atualmente, estão listadas como “Quase Ameaçada” na Lista Vermelha das Espécies Ameaçadas da União Internacional para a Conservação da Natureza e dos Recursos Naturais, principalmente devido ao tráfico animal, desmatamento e caça ilegal. As doenças das emas são pouco documentadas no Brasil, apesar de serem uma espécie nativa e existirem centros científicos de conservação que as mantém e as reproduzem. Relatamos um surto de bouba aviária em 13 emas (Rhea americana) juvenis no Nordeste do Brasil. Todas as 13 emas infectadas com o vírus desenvolveram sinais clínicos associados à doença respiratória, como secreção serosa nasal, estavam ofegantes e respirando com os bicos abertos. Na pele, formaram-se severos nódulos brancacentos, crônicos, crostosos, arredondados, multifocais a coalescentes. Das 13 emas afetadas, nove (69%) morreram em poucas semanas após os primeiros sinais clínicos. Apenas quatro emas (31%) sobreviveram após tratamento inespecífico com antibióticos. Duas emas foram encaminhadas para exame necroscópico no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus II, Areia. Microscopicamente, foram observadas lesões acantolíticas, hiperqueratose, infiltrado heterofílico e a presença de Corpos de Bollinger, corpúsculos de inclusão patognomônicos do poxvírus. Portanto, o diagnóstico de bouba aviária foi confirmado após os exames clínicos e histopatológicos. Este parece ser o primeiro relato de bouba aviária em emas no Nordeste do Brasil. Investigar as causas de morte de aves silvestres é essencial para a preservação das espécies. Emas possuem um papel importante no ecossistema que habitam e sofrem com a caça ilegal e o tráfico animal. A necropsia nos permite detectar patógenos e tomar medidas profiláticas para evitar a diminuição de populações selvagens.
#5 - Pathological features of gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary parasitosis in neotropical primates in Northeast Brazil
Abstract in English:
Understanding primate helminth fauna through the characterization of the associated diseases and parasitism, clinicopathological behavior, and parasite-host relationship is crucial in determining the impact of parasitic infections on free-living and captive species. The present study aimed to describe the primary clinical and anatomopathological aspects of parasitism in non-human primates (NHP). Necropsy records of NHPs diagnosed with endoparasitosis at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of the “Universidade Federal da Paraíba” were reviewed to obtain epidemiological, clinical, and pathological data, while samples were collected for parasitological identification at the time of necropsy. All animals were obtained from the cities of Cabedelo and João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil, from screening and monitoring centers for animals seized from illegal trafficking in this state. Twenty-four cases of gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary parasites affecting primate species belonging to species of the Sapajus and Callithrix genera were identified. In contrast, Molineus torulosus was identified in the intestinal serosa of 16 animals. Further, there were five cases of Trypanoxyuris callithrix, two cases of Platynosomum illiciens infection, and one case of Dipetalonema gracile. The clinical and pathological behaviors of these diseases ranged from asymptomatic infections, considered based on necropsy findings in 14 cases, to cases with characteristic clinical manifestations associated with the cause of death of the animals in 10 of the 24 cases. Identification of the clinical behavior and pattern of pathological lesions can contribute to a better understanding of the parasite-host relationship and aid in the adequate diagnosis of these diseases.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Compreender a helmintofauna de primatas através da caracterização dessas enfermidades/parasitismos, conhecendo o comportamento clínico-patológico, bem como a relação parasito-hospedeiro é crucial para a determinação do impacto das infecções parasitárias em espécies de vida livre e de cativeiro. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho é descrever os principais aspectos clínicos e anatomopatológicos em casos de parasitismos em primatas não humanos (PNH). Foram revisados os registos de necropsias de primatas diagnosticados com endoparasitoses no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, para obtenção de dados epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos, bem como coletado amostras para identificação parasitológica no momento da necropsia. Os animais vieram dos municípios de Cabedelo e João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil, de centros de triagem e monitoramento de animais apreendidos no tráfico ilegal no estado. São relatados 24 casos de parasitoses gastrointestinais e hepatobiliares acometendo espécies de primatas pertencentes aos gêneros Sapajus sp. e Callithrix sp., nos quais foram identificados Molineus torulosus na serosa intestinal de 16 animais. Cinco casos de infecção por Trypanoxyuris callithrix, dois casos de infecção por Platynosomum illiciens e um caso de Dipetalonema gracile. O comportamento clínico e patológico dessas enfermidades variou de infecções assintomáticas sendo considerados achados de necropsia em 14 casos, a casos com manifestações clínicas características associada a causa morte dos animais, representando 10 dos 24 casos totalizados. A identificação do comportamento clínico e padrão de lesões patológicas podem colaborar para melhor entendimento da relação parasito e hospedeiro, além de ajudar no diagnóstico adequado dessas enfermidades.
#6 - Dorsal thermal necrosis in a Brazilian sheep flock
Abstract in English:
Thermal burn injuries are very uncommon occurrences in small ruminants worldwide, and in Brazil, there are no descriptions of this condition. Herein we describe an outbreak of dorsal thermal necrosis in a flock of sheep in the municipality of Boca da Mata, in the Forest Zone of the State of Alagoas, Northeastern Brazil. Twelve ewes were separated from the flock for a general clinical examination and evaluation the serum levels of urea, creatinine, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase. In addition, biopsies of the skin and liver were performed on two severely affected sheep. The flock was raised in semi-intensively management in a pasture area without shading and receiving approximately eight hours of insolation daily and developed severe dermatitis that evolved to severe necrosis of the dorsal skin. Grossly, these lesions were only observed in the dorsal skin of black sheep, while sheep with white dorsal areas of skin were not affected. Microscopically, the epidermis and deep dermis of affected sheep showed diffuse coagulative necrosis, pigmentary incontinence, and parakeratotic hyperkeratosis. Dorsal thermal necrosis occurs only in the dorsal skin of black sheep in situations of excessive exposure to sunlight due to the accumulation of ultraviolet radiation. The distribution of the lesions, restricted to the dorsal area of the skin, is an important clinicopathological aspect in these cases that can help differentiate lesions caused by photosensitization, as they usually involve other anatomical sites. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of dorsal thermal necrosis in sheep in Brazil.
Abstract in Portuguese:
o (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil. *Corresponding author: fabio.mendonca@ufrpe.br
ABSTRACT.- Lima T.S., Fonseca S.M.C., Silva Filho G.B., Silva J.P.G., Tenório M.S.M., Melo E.T., Lucena R.B. & Mendonça F.S. 2023. Dorsal thermal necrosis in a Brazilian sheep flock. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 43:e<Elocation>, 2023. Laboratório de Diagnóstico Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil. E-mail: fabio.mendonca@ufrpe.br
Thermal burn injuries are very uncommon occurrences in small ruminants worldwide, and in Brazil, there are no descriptions of this condition. Herein we describe an outbreak of dorsal thermal necrosis in a flock of sheep in the municipality of Boca da Mata, in the Forest Zone of the State of Alagoas, Northeastern Brazil. Twelve ewes were separated from the flock for a general clinical examination and evaluation the serum levels of urea, creatinine, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase. In addition, biopsies of the skin and liver were performed on two severely affected sheep. The flock was raised in semi-intensively management in a pasture area without shading and receiving approximately eight hours of insolation daily and developed severe dermatitis that evolved to severe necrosis of the dorsal skin. Grossly, these lesions were only observed in the dorsal skin of black sheep, while sheep with white dorsal areas of skin were not affected. Microscopically, the epidermis and deep dermis of affected sheep showed diffuse coagulative necrosis, pigmentary incontinence, and parakeratotic hyperkeratosis. Dorsal thermal necrosis occurs only in the dorsal skin of black sheep in situations of excessive exposure to sunlight due to the accumulation of ultraviolet radiation. The distribution of the lesions, restricted to the dorsal area of the skin, is an important clinicopathological aspect in these cases that can help differentiate lesions caused by photosensitization, as they usually involve other anatomical sites. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of dorsal thermal necrosis in sheep in Brazil.
INDEX TERMS: Thermal necrosis, sheep, solar radiation, small ruminants, skin, dry gangrene, Brazilian northeastern.
RESUMO.- [Necrose térmica dorsal em rebanho ovino brasileiro.] Lesões por queimaduras térmicas são ocorrências muito incomuns em pequenos ruminantes no mundo e no Brasil não há registros da ocorrência desta condição. Descreve-se um surto de necrose térmica dorsal em um rebanho de ovinos no município de Boca da Mata, Zona da Mata do Estado de Alagoas, Nordeste do Brasil. Doze ovelhas foram separadas do rebanho para realização de exame clínico geral e avaliação dos níveis séricos de uréia, creatinina,gama-glutamiltransferase e aspartato aminotransferase. Adicionalmente, biópsias de pele e fígado foram realizadas em duas ovelhas severamente afetadas. O rebanho era criado sob manejo semi-intensivo em uma área de pastagem sem sombreamento e recebiam aproximadamente oito horas de insolação diárias. Essas ovelhas desenvolveram dermatite severa que evoluiu para necrose da pele dorsal. Macroscopicamente, as lesões foram observadas apenas na pele dorsal de ovelhas negras, enquanto ovelhas com áreas dorsais brancas da pele não foram afetadas. Microscopicamente, a epiderme e a derme profunda das ovelhas afetadas apresentavam necrose coagulativa difusa, além de incontinência pigmentar e hiperqueratose paraqueratótica. A necrose térmica dorsal ocorre apenas na pele dorsal de ovelhas negras em situações de exposição excessiva à luz solar devido ao acúmulo de radiação ultravioleta. A distribuição das lesões, restrita à região dorsal da pele, é um importante aspecto clínico-patológico nesses casos que pode auxiliar na diferenciação das lesões causadas por fotossensibilização, pois geralmente envolvem outros sítios anatômicos. Este é o primeiro relato de necrose térmica dorsal em ovinos no Brasil.
#7 - Ocular and oral lesions caused by Tacinga inamoena in sheep and goats in Northeast Brazil
Abstract in English:
Two outbreaks of traumatic injuries in goats and sheep associated with grazing and ingestion of the cactus Tacinga inamoena have recently been reported in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. In the first of these, which was detected in 2019 during a preliminary inspection of a herd of 70 animals, it was found that 15 showed certain ocular complications, and these animals were subjected to general physical and ophthalmic examinations. The clinical findings included excessive lacrimation, blepharitis, photophobia, corneal opacity, hyphema, corneal neovascularization, corneal ulcers, and adherence of gloquids to the bulbar conjunctiva and cornea. Large amounts of T. inamoena were found to be present in several areas in which these animals had been grazed and had been observed consuming the fruits of this plant. In the second outbreak during the following year, two sheep from a total of 100 animals were identified as having oral lesions associated with grazing in areas within which T. inamoena was growing. One of these animals was referred to a veterinary hospital, and on physical examination was found to show apathy, anorexia, a body score of 1.5, and the presence of gloquids within the fur. With respect to the oral cavity, halitosis, severe sialorrhea, extensive hemorrhagic ulcers, and painful tenderness on palpation were detected. Given the unfavorable prognosis, the sheep was subsequently euthanized. At necropsy, multifocal to coalescent plaques were detected on the upper and lower lips, oral mucosa, tongue, and hard and soft palates. These were generally elevated and firm and characterized by an irregular, ulcerated surface, sometimes crusty, with a yellow to light brown center and erythematous edges. The findings of this study highlight that the consumption of T. inamoena can cause serious oral and ophthalmic lesions in small ruminants in the northeastern semi-arid regions of Brazil, and can potentially contribute to substantial large economic losses. This problem tends to be exacerbated by the invasive behavior of T. Inamoena, particularly in areas in the process of environmental degradation.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Relatam-se dois surtos de lesões traumáticas associadas ao pastejo e ingestão da Tacinga inamoena por caprinos e ovinos no estado da Paraíba, Brasil. No primeiro surto observou-se durante uma inspeção preliminar do rebanho que 15 dos 70 animais apresentavam alterações oculares, os animais foram submetidos ao exame físico geral e ao exame oftálmico. Lacrimejamento excessivo, blefarite, fotofobia, opacidade de córnea, hifema, neovascularização corneana, úlceras de córnea e gloquídeos aderidos à conjuntiva bulbar e córnea foram os achados clínicos identificados. A planta estava presente em diversas áreas e em grande quantidade nas áreas de pastejo, onde os animais eram vistos ingerindo seus frutos. No segundo surto, dois ovinos de um total de 100 animais, foram identificados com lesões orais associadas ao pastejo em áreas da planta. Um deles foi encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário. No exame físico, o animal apresentou apatia, anorexia, escore corporal 1,5, pelos opacos, eriçados e no pelame era possível identificar gloquídeos. Na cavidade oral observou-se halitose, sialorreia intensa, extensas úlceras hemorrágicas e sensibilidade dolorosa à palpação. Devido ao prognóstico desfavorável o animal foi eutanasiado. Na necropsia, placas multifocais a coalescentes, elevadas, firmes e com superfície irregular, ulcerada, por vezes crostosas, com centro amarelo a marrom-claro e bordos eritematosos, estavam presentes nos lábios superiores, inferiores, mucosa oral, língua, palatos duro e mole. T. inamoena causa sérias lesões orais e oftálmicas em pequenos ruminantes no semiárido nordestino e prejuízos econômicos de grandes dimensões, que podem ser agravados pelo comportamento invasor da T. inamoena em áreas com indícios de degradação ambiental.
#8 - Spontaneous abortion, congenital malformation and reproductive losses in goats due to poisoning by the leaves of Poincianella pyramidalis (syn. Caesalpinia pyramidalis)
Abstract in English:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the leaves of the tree Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L.P. Queiroz as a spontaneous cause of abortion, malformation and reproductive failure in goat herds in the Brazilian semiarid region. Epidemiological investigations, clinical evaluation of goats affected by malformation and necropsy of aborted fetuses was carried out on 12 farms located in the municipalities of Gurjão and Soledade, state of Paraíba, and on a farm located at the municipality of Pau dos Ferros, state of Rio Grande do Norte. The study considered only the farms where occurred predominantly P. pyramidalis among teratogenic plants. On the farm located in the municipality of Pau dos Ferros the occurrence of frequent abortion and birth of malformed goats, affecting 90% of pregnant goats, was observed. On the 12 farms belonging to the municipalities of Gurjão and Soledade, spontaneous cases of embryonic mortality, abortion and malformation occurred in 257 goats (41.1% of goats). Arthrogryposis was the main congenital malformation observed. Necropsy and histopathological exams of four fetuses and their placentas did not detect the presence of infectious agents. The cases of embryonic mortality, abortion and malformation were predominantly concentrated during the seasons of the year when pasture was scarce, but P. pyramidalis was available, due to the occurrence of pre-seasonal rains, which did not allow the pasture to germinate but P. pyramidalis to regrowth. The findings of this study confirm that this plant significantly interferes in the reproductive efficiency of semi-arid goat herds.
Abstract in Portuguese:
O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos de folhas da espécie arbórea Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L.P. Queiroz como causa espontânea de abortos, malformações e falhas reprodutivas em rebanhos caprinos no semiárido brasileiro. Foram realizadas investigações epidemiológicas, avaliações clínicas de caprinos acometidos por malformações e necropsias de fetos abortados em 12 propriedades localizadas nos municípios de Gurjão e Soledade, na Paraíba, e no município de Pau dos Ferros, Rio Grande do Norte. O estudo considerou apenas as propriedades que tinham basicamente a presença de P. pyramidalis entre as plantas teratogênicas. Na propriedade localizada no município de Pau dos Ferros foi verificada a ocorrência de grande número de abortos e o nascimento de cabritos malformados, acometendo 90% das cabras gestantes. Nas 12 propriedades pertencentes aos municípios de Gurjão e Soledade na Paraíba os casos espontâneos de mortalidade embrionária, abortos e malformações acometeram 257 cabras (41,1% das cabras dos rebanhos). A artrogripose foi a principal malformação congênita observada. Exames de necropsia e histopatológico de quatro fetos acompanhados das placentas não constataram a presença de agentes infecciosos. Os casos de perda embrionária, abortos e malformações foram concentrados predominantemente nas épocas do ano em que a pastagem estava escassa, mas havia disponibilidade de P. pyramidalis nas propriedades, devido à ocorrência das chuvas da pré-estação, que não permitiu a germinação de pasto, mas a rebrotação de P. pyramidalis. Os achados desse estudo comprovam que esta planta interfere consideravelmente na eficiência reprodutiva dos rebanhos caprinos do Semiárido.
#9 - Primary photosensitization in dairy cattle caused by Froelichia humboldtiana
Abstract in English:
The present study was conducted with the objective to report an outbreak of photosensitization caused by Froelichia humboldtiana in dairy cattle in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Animals from a rural property with symptoms compatible with photodermatitis were examined. Peripheral blood samples from five cattle were collected for the analysis of the activities of hepatic enzymes gammaglutamyltransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, in addition were also analysed the concentration of total, direct and indirect bilirubin. From the areas of skin with lesions of two animals, biopsies were performed. It was verified that 15 animals from a herd composed by 40 animals presented photosensitization. The animals had a history of photodermatitis lesions approximately 10 days after grazing in areas invaded by F. humboldtiana. Clinical examination of dairy cattle showed that they initially had pruritus and hyperemia in the depigmented areas of the dorsum and udder, and there were also behavioral changes. Subsequently, the hyperemic areas presented edema that evolved to ulcerative, necrotizing and exudative dermatitis, with loss of extensive areas of the epidermis. The ulcers were more severe in four bovines that had self-mutilation by licking. These four animals were removed from the pasture and sheltered in a shady location. A week later, the pruritus regressed and the fissures of the skin began to heal. However, the lesions reappeared after the cattle were reintroduced in the grass infested by F. humbolditiana. There was also a decrease in milk production (reduction of 50-60%) of cows after the installation of photodermatitis. However, calves that were still lactating and ingested the milk in photosensitized cows, showed no signs of photodermatitis. Histopathology of skin biopsies revealed inflammation in the superficial dermis consisting of mast cells, lymphocytes, and some plasma cells. In the epidermis there were extensive ulcers, covered by crusts, associated with neutrophilic infiltrate. Serum activities of AST, GGT and bilirubin concentrations were within normal reference values for the bovine species. The diagnosis of primary photosensitization associated with F. humboldtiana ingestion was based on epidemiology, clinical signs, serum biochemistry, skin biopsy and lesion reoccurrence after the animals were reintroduced in the pasture invaded by the plant. It is concluded that F. humboldtiana is an important cause of primary photosensitization in dairy cattle in the Brazilian semi-arid region and that its toxin is probably not excreted by bovine milk.
Abstract in Portuguese:
O presente trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de relatar um surto de fotossensibilização causado por Froelichia humboldtiana em bovinos leiteiros no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Foram examinados animais de uma propriedade rural que apresentavam sintomatologia compatível com fotodermatite. Procedeu-se a coleta de amostras de sangue periférico de cinco bovinos para análise das atividades das enzimas hepáticas gamaglutamiltransferase e aspartatoaminotransferase, além da concentração de bilirrubina total, direta e indireta. Das áreas de pele com lesões de dois animais foram realizadas biópsias. Constatou-se que 15 animais de um rebanho composto por 40 animais apresentaram fotossemsibilização. Os animais tinham histórico de apresentar lesões de fotodermatite aproximadamente 10 dias após pastarem em áreas invadidas por F. humboldtiana. Ao exame clínico dos bovinos leiteiros notou-se que inicialmente apresentavam prurido e hiperemia nas áreas de pele despigmentadas do dorso e úbere, também havia alterações do comportamento. Posteriormente, as áreas hiperêmicas se apresentavam com edema que evoluíam para dermatite ulcerativa, necrotizante e exudativa, com perda de extensas áreas da epiderme. As úlceras eram mais graves nos quatro bovinos que apresentavam automutilação por lambedura. Esses quatro animais foram retirados do pasto e abrigados em local sombreado. Uma semana após, o prurido regrediu e as fissuras da pele passaram a cicatrizar. Porém, as lesões reapareceram logo após os bovinos serem reintroduzidas no pasto infestado por F. humbolditiana. Percebeu-se ainda queda na produção leiteira (redução de 50-60%) das vacas após a instalação de fotodermatite. Porém, os bezerros que ainda eram lactantes e ingeriam o leite nas vacas acometidas por fotossensibilização, não apresentaram sinais de fotodermatite. A histopatologia de biópsias de pele revelou inflamação na derme superficial constituída por mastócitos, linfócitos, e alguns plasmócitos. Na epiderme haviam extensas úlceras, recobertas por crostas, associada a infiltrado neutrofílico. As atividades séricas de AST, GGT e as concentrações de bilirrubina estavam dentro dos valores de referência normais para a espécie bovina. O diagnóstico de fotossensibilização primária associada à ingestão de F. humboldtiana foi baseado na epidemiologia, sinais clínicos, bioquímica sérica, biópsia de pele e reocorrência das lesões após os animais serem reintroduzidos no pasto invadido pela planta. Conclui-se que a F. humboldtiana é uma importante causa de fotossensibilização primária em bovinos leiteiros no semiárido brasileiro e que sua toxina provavelmente não é excretada pelo leite bovino.
#10 - Outbreaks of photosensitization and allergic dermatitis in ruminants and equidae in northeastern Brazil
Abstract in English:
The study was conducted to determine the causes of photosensitization in ruminants and equidae in northeastern Brazil through a review of the files at the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária of Universidade Federal da Paraíba. During four years of the study 22 outbreaks of photosensitization were diagnosed, including 11 outbreaks of primary photosensitization and eight outbreaks of hepatogenous photosensitization. Poisoning by Froelichia humboldtiana was the main cause of photosensitization, and the only cause of primary photosensitization. The most severely affected animals by primary photosensitization are donkeys, goats, cattle and sheep, but horses and mules may also be affected. Poisoning by Brachiaria decumbens was the main cause of hepatogenous photosensitization, and affected only sheep and cattle. Other plants associated with hepatogenous photosensitization in cattle include Enterolobium contortisiliquum and Lantana camara. Allergic dermatitis was diagnosed in two flocks of sheep and in a horse. The animals had chronic lesions characterized by areas of alopecia, crusts and hyperpigmentation on the head, around the eyes (sheep) and at the legs (horse). Itching was the main clinical sign in cases of primary photosensitization and insect hypersensitivity.
Abstract in Portuguese:
O presente estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de determinar as causas de fotossensibilização em ruminantes e equídeos no Nordeste do Brasil, através da revisão dos laudos de exames arquivados no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Durante os quatro anos do estudo foram diagnosticados 22 surtos de fotossensibilização, incluindo 11 surtos de fotossensibilização primária e oito surtos de fotossensibilização hepatógena. A intoxicação por Froelichia humboldtiana foi a principal causa de fotossensibilização e a única causa de fotossensibilização primária. As espécies mais gravemente afetadas por fotossensibilização primária foram os asininos, caprinos, bovinos e ovinos, mas os equinos e mulas também são afetados. A intoxicação por Brachiaria decumbens foi a principal causa de fotossensibilização hepatógena e afetou apenas os ovinos e bovinos. Outras plantas associadas com fotossensibilização hepatógena incluíram Enterolobium contortisiliquum e Lantana camara. Dermatite alérgica foi diagnosticada em dois rebanhos ovinos e em um cavalo. Os animais tinham lesões crônicas, caracterizadas por alopecia, crostas e hiperpigmentação no topo da cabeça, ao redor dos olhos (ovinos) e nos membros (equino). O prurido foi o principal sinal clínico observado nos casos de fotossensibilização primária e hipersensibilidade à picada de insetos.
