PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Murakami A.E., Fernandes J.I.M., Hernandes L. & Santos T.C. 2012. [Effects of starter diet supplementation with arginine on broiler production performance and on small intestine morphometry.] Efeito da suplementação de arginina na dieta de frangos na performance produtiva e na morfologia do intestino delgado. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(3):259-266. Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil. E-mail: aemurakami@uem.br The effects of starter diet (days 1 to 21) supplemented with arginine (Arg) on the production performance and duodenum and jejunum mucosa morphometry of broilers were studied. Male Cobb broiler chickens (990) were randomly assigned to one of five treatments in a complete random design. Measurements of 33 chicks per treatment were made in six repetitions. The treatments consisted of a basal diet with 1.390% digestible Arg (no supplementation) and four dietary levels (1.490%, 1.590%, 1.690%, and 1.790%), providing a relationship with lysine of 1.103; 1.183; 1.262; 1.341 and 1.421%, respectively. From the age of 22 days on, all birds received conventional grower diet. The data were submitted to regression analysis by polynomial decomposition of the degrees of freedom in relation to the levels of Arg. The Arg supplementation increased (P<0.05) the live weight and the feed conversion ratio without increasing the feed intake of the birds. However, no effect was observed (P>0.05) in the growth phase (days 22 to 42) in the absence of the Arg supplementation. The supplementation of Arg over of NRC recommendation during the starter phase may be necessary for the expression of the maximal weight gain potential in birds. No effect (P<0.05) of Arg dietary supplementation was observed either on small intestine weight and length at any age. However, the duodenum villus:crypt ratio increased and the crypt depth decreased in the first week in response to increasing dietary Arg. It is concluded that broiler Arg dietary supplementation in the starter diet improved production performance and small intestine morphometry, especially in the first week.

• Amino acids arginine aminoácidos arginina

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Murakami A.E., Fernandes J.I.M., Hernandes L. & Santos T.C. 2012. [Effects of starter diet supplementation with arginine on broiler production performance and on small intestine morphometry.] Efeito da suplementação de arginina na dieta de frangos na performance produtiva e na morfologia do intestino delgado. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(3):259-266. Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil. E-mail: aemurakami@uem.br O efeito na dieta inicial (1-21 dias) da suplementação de arginina (Arg) foi estudada sobre o desempenho e a morfologia da mucosa do jejuno em frangos de corte. Pintos machos Cobb (990) foram utilizados em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 5 tratamentos e 6 repetições com 33 aves cada. Os tratamentos consistiram em uma dieta basal com 1,390% de Arg digestível (sem suplementação) e 4 dietas com adição (1,490%; 1,590%; 1,690% e 1,790%), fornecendo uma relação de lisina de 1,103; 1,183; 1,262; 1,341 e 1,421%, respectivamente. A partir de 22 dias todas as aves receberam ração convencional. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão pela decomposição polinomial dos graus de liberdade, referentes aos níveis de Arg A suplementação de Arg melhorou (P<0,05) o peso vivo e a conversão alimentar sem aumentar o consumo de ração. No entanto, não houve efeito (P>0,05) na fase de crescimento (22 a 42 dias) na ausência de suplementação de Arg. A suplementação acima do recomendado pelo NRC na fase inicial pode ser necessária para a expressão máxima do potencial de ganho de peso em aves. Não houve efeito da suplementação de Arg na dieta no peso e comprimento do intestino delgado em nenhuma idade. No entanto, a relação vilo:cripta no duodeno aumentou e a profundidade da cripta diminuiu na primeira semana em resposta ao incremento de Arg na dieta. Concluiu-se que em frangos de corte a suplementação de Arg na dieta inicial melhorou o desempenho e a morfometria do intestino delgado, especialmente na primeira semana.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Pickler L., Hayashi R.M., Lourenço M.C., Miglino L.B., Caron L.F., Beirão B.C.B., Silva A.V.F. & Santin E. 2012. [Microbiology, histology and immunology evaluation of broiler chickens challenged against Salmonella Enteritidis and Minnesota and treated with organic acids.] Avaliação microbiológica, histológica e imunológica de frangos de corte desafiados com Salmonella Enteritidis e Minnesota e tratados com ácidos orgânicos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(1):27-36. Laboratório de Microbiologia e Ornitopatologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários 1540, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil. E-mail: larissapickler@yahoo.com.br Two experiments were carried out to evaluate effectiveness of organic acids against Salmonella enterica enterica serovars Enteritidis (SE) and Minnesota (SM) in broilers. In the first experiment three treatments were evaluated: T1 - feeding with organic acids, T2 - feeding with organic acids and organic acids in drink water, and T3 - control group. All animals were oral challenged with SE. Organic acids in diet (T1) and organic acids in diet and drink water (T2) reduced the shadding of Salmonella in crop and cecum 7 days post challenged with SE and reduced the CD3+ cells in jejunal mucosa of broilers. In the second experiment four treatments were evaluated, T1 - control group, T2 - control group oral challenged with Salmonella Minnesota (SM); T3 - oral challenged animals with SM and treated with organic acids in diet; T4 - oral challenged animals with SM and treated with organic acids in diet and in drink water. Organic acids in diet (T3) and organic acids in diet and in drink water (T4) reduced the shadding of SM in crop of challenged broilers, 7 days post inoculation The use of organic acids in diet and in water was more effective to control SE than SM.

• Salmonella Enteritidis Minnesota organic acids ácidos orgânicos

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Pickler L., Hayashi R.M., Lourenço M.C., Miglino L.B., Caron L.F., Beirão B.C.B., Silva A.V.F. & Santin E. 2012. [Microbiology, histology and immunology evaluation of broiler chickens challenged against Salmonella Enteritidis and Minnesota and treated with organic acids.] Avaliação microbiológica, histológica e imunológica de frangos de corte desafiados com Salmonella Enteritidis e Minnesota e tratados com ácidos orgânicos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(1):27-36. Laboratório de Microbiologia e Ornitopatologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários 1540, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil. E-mail: larissapickler@yahoo.com.br Dois experimentos foram desenvolvidos para avaliar a eficiência de ácidos orgânicos frente a Salmonella enterica enterica sorovar Enteritidis (SE) e Minnesota (SM) em frangos. No primeiro experimento foram avaliados 3 tratamentos: T1 - ração adicionada de ácido orgânico, T2 - ração adicionada de ácido orgânico e ácido orgânico na água de bebida, T3 - grupo controle. Todos os animais foram inoculados com SE, via oral. A utilização de ácidos orgânicos na ração (T1) e na ração e na água (T2) diminuíram a excreção de Salmonella no papo e no ceco 7 dias pós inoculação com SE e houve redução de células CD3+ no jejuno dos frangos. No segundo experimento foram avaliados 4 tratamentos sendo T1 - controle, T2 - controle inoculado via oral com Salmonella Minnesota (SM), T3 - animais inoculados via oral com SM e ácidos orgânicos na ração e T4 - animais inoculados via oral com SM e ácidos orgânicos na ração e na água de bebida. Ácidos orgânicos a ração (T3) e na ração e na água (T4) reduziram a excreção de SM em papo de frangos de corte desafiados, 7 dias após inoculação. O uso de ácidos orgânicos na ração e na ração e na água foram mais eficientes em reduzir SE do que SM.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Barros M.R., Costa M.M., França C.A., Saukas T.N., Silva L.B.G., Silva V.A.S., Cavalcante R.V. & Mota R.A. 2011. [Resistance of Staphylococcus spp., to antimicrobials isolated from broilers and commercial layers in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil.] Perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos de Staphylococcus spp., isolados de frangos de corte e poedeiras comerciais no Estado de Pernambuco. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(8):672-676. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manuel de Medeiros s/n, Recife, PE 52171900, Brazil. E-mail: rinaldo.mota@hotmail.com This study had the objective of researching Staphylococcus spp. on healthy broilers and commercial broilers and layers, with clinical respiratory signs. Swabs were taken from the infraorbital sinus of 55 healthy broilers, 35 with respiratory signs and 30 commercial layers also with respiratory signs. Each sample was composed of a pool of five birds, totaling 24 collected samples from 24 commercial flocks. The bacteriological exam was used for the isolation, with a later evaluation of the morphological, tintorial and biochemical characteristics to determine the species. The production of hemolysis, formation of a biofilm in Congo Red Agar, detection of the gene mecA by the PCR and susceptibility to 13 antimicrobial drugs, was verified. From the 24 processed samples, 16 Staphylococcus spp. were obtained isolates, five samples were coagulasis-positive (SCP) and 11 coagulasis-negative (SCN). As to hemolysis and the formation of biofilm tests three samples presented themselves to be hemolytic and six were positive, respectively. In the PCR evaluation for the detection of the mecA gene, all isolates showed negative results. It was observed that 15 E coli isolates were resistant to five or more antibiotics, and that the associated drugs presented better sensibility. The resistance to antimicrobials and biofilm productive strains can interfere in the therapeutic response of birds that present clinical signs.

• Staphylococus spp. antimicrobial resistance resistência antimicrobiana

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Barros M.R., Costa M.M., França C.A., Saukas T.N., Silva L.B.G., Silva V.A.S., Cavalcante R.V. & Mota R.A. 2011. [Resistance of Staphylococcus spp., to antimicrobials isolated from broilers and commercial layers in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil.] Perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos de Staphylococcus spp., isolados de frangos de corte e poedeiras comerciais no Estado de Pernambuco. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(8):672-676. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manuel de Medeiros s/n, Recife, PE 52171900, Brazil. E-mail: rinaldo.mota@hotmail.com Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de pesquisar Staphylococcus spp. de frangos de corte sadios e frangos de corte e poedeiras comerciais que apresentassem sinais clínicos respiratórios. Foram colhidos swabs dos seios infra-orbitários de 55 frangos de corte sadios, 35 com sinais respiratórios, e 30 poedeiras comerciais também com sinais respiratórios. Cada amostra foi composta por um “pool” de cinco aves, totalizando 24 amostras coletadas de 24 granjas comerciais. Para o isolamento foi utilizado o exame bacteriológico, com posterior avaliação das características morfológicas, tintoriais e bioquímica para determinação da espécie. Verificou-se a produção de hemólise, formação de biofilme em ágar Vermelho Congo (ACR), detecção do gene mecA pela PCR e avaliação da suscetibilidade a 13 drogas antimicrobianas. Das 24 amostras processadas, foram isolados 16 Staphylococcus, cinco isolados foram coagulase-positiva (SCP) e 11 coagulase-negativa (SCN), e nos testes de hemólise e formação de biofilme, três isolados apresentaram-se hemolíticos e seis foram positivos, respectivamente. Na avaliação por meio da PCR, para detecção do gene mecA todos os isolados apresentaram resultados negativo. Observaram-se que 15 isolados foram resistentes a cinco ou mais antibióticos, e que as drogas associadas apresentaram melhor perfil de sensibilidade. A resistência a antimicrobianos e cepas produtoras de biofilme podem interferir na resposta terapêutica de aves que apresentam sinais clínicos.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Abbas R.Z., Manzoor Z., Munawar S.H., Iqbal Z., Khan M.N., Saleemi M.K., Zia M.A. & Yousaf A. 2011. Anticoccidial activity of hydrochloric acid (HCl) against Eimeria tenella in broiler chickens. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(5):425-429. Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faislabad - 38040, Pakistan. E-mail: raouaf@hotmail.com The present study was planned to evaluate the anticoccidial activity of the different concentrations of the HCl against Eimeria tenella infection in broiler chickens in comparison with the amprolium anticoccidial. For this purpose, a total of 198 chicks were placed 11 per pen with three pens per treatment. The different concentrations of HCl (1000ppm, 2000ppm and 3000ppm) and amproilum (at the dose rate of 125ppm) were given to the experimental groups in drinking water from 10 to 19th days of age. One group was kept as infected non medicated control and one as non infected non medicated control. At the 12th day of age, all the groups were inoculated orally with 75,000 sporulated oocysts except non infected non medicated control. Anticoccidial activity was evaluated on the basis of performance (weight gain, feed conversion ratio) and pathogenic (oocyst score, lesion score and mortality %age) parameters. Among HCl medicated groups, the maximum anticoccidial effect was seen in the group medicated with 1000ppm HCl followed by 2000ppm and 3000ppm HCl medicated groups. Amprolium and 1000ppm HCl were almost equivalent in suppressing the negative performance and pathogenic effects associated with coccidiosis (Eimeria tenella) challenge. In summary, the lower doses of HCl have the potential to be used as alternative to chemotherapeutic drugs for Eimeria tenella control. It is therefore suggested that further studies should be carried out to determine the possible minimum safe levels of HCl with least toxic effects to be used as anticoccidial.

• Coccidiosis Eimeria tenella hydrochloric acid

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Abbas R.Z., Manzoor Z., Munawar S.H., Iqbal Z., Khan M.N., Saleemi M.K., Zia M.A. & Yousaf A. 2011. Anticoccidial activity of hydrochloric acid (HCl) against Eimeria tenella in broiler chickens. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(5):425-429. Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faislabad - 38040, Pakistan. E-mail: raouaf@hotmail.com The present study was planned to evaluate the anticoccidial activity of the different concentrations of the HCl against Eimeria tenella infection in broiler chickens in comparison with the amprolium anticoccidial. For this purpose, a total of 198 chicks were placed 11 per pen with three pens per treatment. The different concentrations of HCl (1000ppm, 2000ppm and 3000ppm) and amproilum (at the dose rate of 125ppm) were given to the experimental groups in drinking water from 10 to 19th days of age. One group was kept as infected non medicated control and one as non infected non medicated control. At the 12th day of age, all the groups were inoculated orally with 75,000 sporulated oocysts except non infected non medicated control. Anticoccidial activity was evaluated on the basis of performance (weight gain, feed conversion ratio) and pathogenic (oocyst score, lesion score and mortality %age) parameters. Among HCl medicated groups, the maximum anticoccidial effect was seen in the group medicated with 1000ppm HCl followed by 2000ppm and 3000ppm HCl medicated groups. Amprolium and 1000ppm HCl were almost equivalent in suppressing the negative performance and pathogenic effects associated with coccidiosis (Eimeria tenella) challenge. In summary, the lower doses of HCl have the potential to be used as alternative to chemotherapeutic drugs for Eimeria tenella control. It is therefore suggested that further studies should be carried out to determine the possible minimum safe levels of HCl with least toxic effects to be used as anticoccidial.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Abbas R.Z., Munawar S.H., Manzoor Z., Iqbal Z., Khan M.N., Saleemi M.K., Zia M.A. & Yousaf A. 2011. Anticoccidial effects of acetic acid on performance and pathogenic parameters in broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria tenella. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(2):99-103. Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faislabad 38040, Pakistan. E-mail: raouaf@hotmail.com The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anticoccidial effect of the different concentrations of the acetic acid in the broiler chickens in comparison with the amprolium anticoccidial. A total of 198 chicks were placed 11 per pen with three pens per treatment. The different concentrations (1%, 2% and 3%) of acetic acid and amproilum (at the dose rate of 125ppm) were given to the experimental groups in drinking water from 10–19th days of age. One group was kept as infected non medicated control and one as non infected non medicated control. All the groups were inoculated orally with 75,000 sporulated oocysts at the 12th day of age except non infected non medicated control. Anticoccidial effect was evaluated on the basis of performance (weight gain, feed conversion ratio) and pathogenic (oocyst score, lesion score and mortality %age) parameters. Among acetic acid medicated groups, the maximum anticoccidial effect was seen in the group medicated with 3% acetic acid followed by 2% and 1% acetic acid medicated groups. Amprolium and 3% acetic acid were almost equivalent in suppressing the negative performance and pathogenic effects associated with coccidiosis (Eimeria tenella) challenge. In summary, acetic acid has the potential to be used as alternative to chemotherapeutic drugs for Eimeria tenella control. Concentration-dependent anticoccidial effect of acetic acid suggests that further studies should be carried out to determine the possible maximum safe levels of acetic acid with least toxic effects to be used as anticoccidial.

• Coccidiosis Eimeria tenella acetic acid anticoccidial

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Abbas R.Z., Munawar S.H., Manzoor Z., Iqbal Z., Khan M.N., Saleemi M.K., Zia M.A. & Yousaf A. 2011. Anticoccidial effects of acetic acid on performance and pathogenic parameters in broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria tenella. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(2):99-103. Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faislabad 38040, Pakistan. E-mail: raouaf@hotmail.com The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anticoccidial effect of the different concentrations of the acetic acid in the broiler chickens in comparison with the amprolium anticoccidial. A total of 198 chicks were placed 11 per pen with three pens per treatment. The different concentrations (1%, 2% and 3%) of acetic acid and amproilum (at the dose rate of 125ppm) were given to the experimental groups in drinking water from 10–19th days of age. One group was kept as infected non medicated control and one as non infected non medicated control. All the groups were inoculated orally with 75,000 sporulated oocysts at the 12th day of age except non infected non medicated control. Anticoccidial effect was evaluated on the basis of performance (weight gain, feed conversion ratio) and pathogenic (oocyst score, lesion score and mortality %age) parameters. Among acetic acid medicated groups, the maximum anticoccidial effect was seen in the group medicated with 3% acetic acid followed by 2% and 1% acetic acid medicated groups. Amprolium and 3% acetic acid were almost equivalent in suppressing the negative performance and pathogenic effects associated with coccidiosis (Eimeria tenella) challenge. In summary, acetic acid has the potential to be used as alternative to chemotherapeutic drugs for Eimeria tenella control. Concentration-dependent anticoccidial effect of acetic acid suggests that further studies should be carried out to determine the possible maximum safe levels of acetic acid with least toxic effects to be used as anticoccidial.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Ferreira S.R., Murakami A.E., Siqueira T.G.V., Santos J.M.G., Potença A. & Santos T.C. 2009. [Cellular immune response and hematological parameters of broilers from different age broiler breeders, fed with a sorghum meal with different yeast wall levels.] Níveis crescentes de parede de levedura sobre a resposta imune celular e perfil hematológico de frangos de corte. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(9):725-730, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil. E-mail: aemurakami@uem.br An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect increasing levels of yeast wall and broiler breeders’ age levels on lymphoid organs weight, cellular immune response and hematological parameters in broilers. A total of 3,360 Cobb broilers were allotted, in a completely randomized design and a 2x5 factorial arrangement, and two controls, compound of two broiler breeders age (34 and 57 weeks of age) and five yeast wall levels (zero, one, two, three and four kg of yeast wall/ton of diet). Broiler breeders’ age affected all studied variables. The inclusion of 3kg of yeast wall/ton of meal increased, at 57 weeks age broiler breeders, more intense inflammatory reaction when compared to control diet; however the circulated heterophils and lymphocytes numbers were not increased. In conclusion, the use of yeast wall, associated or not to sorghum on broilers diet still needs complementary studies, for example, purified components of yeast wall (MOS and ß-glucano).

• Yeast wall levedura

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Ferreira S.R., Murakami A.E., Siqueira T.G.V., Santos J.M.G., Potença A. & Santos T.C. 2009. [Cellular immune response and hematological parameters of broilers from different age broiler breeders, fed with a sorghum meal with different yeast wall levels.] Níveis crescentes de parede de levedura sobre a resposta imune celular e perfil hematológico de frangos de corte. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(9):725-730, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil. E-mail: aemurakami@uem.br Um experimento foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito de níveis crescentes de parede de levedura e idade das matrizes reprodutoras sobre o peso dos órgãos linfóides, a resposta imune celular e o perfil hematológico de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 3.360 pintos de corte da linhagem Cobb, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualisado, em esquema fatorial 2x5, mais dois controles, sendo duas idades de matrizes (34 e 57 semanas de idade) e cinco níveis de suplementação de parede de levedura (zero, um, dois, três e quatro kg de parede de levedura/tonelada de ração). A idade das matrizes influenciou a resposta de todas as variáveis. A inclusão de 3kg de parede de levedura/tonelada de ração promoveu, na progênie de reprodutoras de 57 semanas, reação inflamatória mais intensa quando comparada a dieta controle, no entanto não houve aumento significativo no número de heterófilos e linfócitos circulantes. Conclui-se que a utilização da parede de levedura associada ao sorgo ou não em rações de frangos de corte ainda necessita de estudos complementares, que incluam, por exemplo, os componentes purificados da parede de levedura (MOS e ß-glucano).

Abstract in English:

Canal C.W., Ferreira D.J., Macagnan M., Fallavena L.C.B., Moraes H.L.S. & Wald V.B. 2004. Prevalence of antibodies against chicken anaemia virus (CAV) in broiler breeders in Southern Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(2):89-92. Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária (CDPA), Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: claudio.canal@ufrgs.br Chicks infected during the first two weeks of life with chicken anaemia virus (CAV) manifest clinical disease that can be avoided if the breeder hens transfer enough antibodies to their progeny. The objective of the present work was to establish the prevalence and titer of anti-CAV antibodies in some Brazilian broiler hen breeder flocks and verify in which phase of life the birds were infected. A total of 1,709 serum samples from 12 broiler hen flocks vaccinated against CAV and 64 unvaccinated flocks were analyzed for CAV antibodies with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All non-vaccinated breeder flocks were found to be infected with CAV, with 89% of the hens tested presenting antibodies, 52% of these with titers considered high enough to protect their progeny against CAV infection. Likewise, all vaccinated hens had antibody titer to CAV capable of conferring protection to their progeny. Thus, vaccination of hens seems capable of conferring protection to chicks against clinically apparent CAV-associated disease.

• Antibodies avian pathology chicken anemia virus CAV epidemiology prevalence.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Canal C.W., Ferreira D.J., Macagnan M., Fallavena L.C.B., Moraes H.L.S. & Wald V.B. 2004. Prevalence of antibodies against chicken anaemia virus (CAV) in broiler breeders in Southern Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(2):89-92. Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária (CDPA), Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: claudio.canal@ufrgs.br Chicks infected during the first two weeks of life with chicken anaemia virus (CAV) manifest clinical disease that can be avoided if the breeder hens transfer enough antibodies to their progeny. The objective of the present work was to establish the prevalence and titer of anti-CAV antibodies in some Brazilian broiler hen breeder flocks and verify in which phase of life the birds were infected. A total of 1,709 serum samples from 12 broiler hen flocks vaccinated against CAV and 64 unvaccinated flocks were analyzed for CAV antibodies with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All non-vaccinated breeder flocks were found to be infected with CAV, with 89% of the hens tested presenting antibodies, 52% of these with titers considered high enough to protect their progeny against CAV infection. Likewise, all vaccinated hens had antibody titer to CAV capable of conferring protection to their progeny. Thus, vaccination of hens seems capable of conferring protection to chicks against clinically apparent CAV-associated disease.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Santos D.M.S., Berchieri Jr A., Fernandes S.A., Tavechio A.T. & Amaral LA. 2000. [Salmonella in broiler frozen carcasses.] Salmonella em carcaças de frango congeladas. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 20(1):39-42. Depto Patologia Veterinária, Fac. Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Campus de Jaboticabal, Via de acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14870-000, Brazil. Hundred and fifty frozen broiler carcasses of four commercial brands, purchased at retail stores for Salmonella research, were examined: 43 of the carcasses referred to each of the brands A, B, D and 21 of brand C. Thirty-two percent of the samples were found positive; 11 serotypes were identified as S. Agona, S. Anatum, S. Enteritidis, S. Hadar, S. Havana, S. Mbandaka, S. Montevideo, S. Ouakam, S. Poona, S. Schwarzengrund and S.14, 5, 12:-. Antibiogram testing of the isolated strains showed 100% resistance to ampicilin, 75.0% to cefhalotin, 52.1 % to cephoxitin, 22.9% to tobramicin, 6.2% to polimixin B and to tetracyclines, 4.2% to gentamicin, and 2.1% to netilmicin, to aztreonam and to amicacin. All strains showed total sensibility to chloramphenicol and to sulfazotrim.

• Salmonella retail serotypes broiler frozen carcasses antibiograma varejo sorotipos frango congelado carcaças antibiograma.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Santos D.M.S., Berchieri Jr A., Fernandes S.A., Tavechio A.T. & Amaral LA. 2000. [Salmonella in broiler frozen carcasses.] Salmonella em carcaças de frango congeladas. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 20(1):39-42. Depto Patologia Veterinária, Fac. Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Campus de Jaboticabal, Via de acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14870-000, Brazil. Um total de 150 carcaças de frango congeladas, de quatro marcas comerciais, foram analisadas para pesquisa de Salmonella. Foram examinadas 43 carcaças de cada uma das marcas A, B, D e 21 da marca C. Observou-se um percentual de 32,0% de contaminação. Foram identificados 11 sorotipos: S. Agona, S. Anatum, S. Enteritidis, S. Hadar, S. Havana, S. Mbandaka, S. Montevideo, S. Ouakam, S. Poona, S. Schwarzengrund e S. I 4, 5, 12: -. O antibiograma das cepas mostrou 100% de resistência à ampicilina, 75,0% à cefalotina, 52, 1 % à cefoxitina, 22,9% à tobramicina, 6,2% à polimixina B e à tetraciclina, 4,2% à gentamicina e 2,1% à netilmicina, ao aztreonam e à amicacina. Todas as cepas apresentaram sensibilidade total ao cloranfenicol e ao sulfazotrim.

Abstract in English:

Blood samples were obtained at slaughter from sixty 43 to 56 day old broilers, from each of 60 healthy flocks located in a region of high density poultry production. The flocks tested corresponded to approximately 10% of the total number existing in the region and were located within a radius of 50 km. All broilers had been vaccinated against Marek's disease atone day of age. Sera were tested in the immunodiffusion test for antibodies to avian reovirus (ARV), infectious bursal disease vírus (IBDV), fowl poxvirus (FPV), herpes virus of turkeys (HVT), avian adenovirus of groups 1 (AAV-1) and 2 (AAV-2). The sarne sera were tested in the micro serum neutralization test in plates for antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), and for hemagglutination inhibition antibodies to Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Antibodies to ARV, detected in 2172 (63.6%) of 3418 sera, and to AAV-1, in 2701 (78.2%) of 3456 sera, were found in all 60 flocks, while antibodies to IBDV, in 3086 (89.4%) of 3452 sera, were found in only 57 of the sarne flocks. These results indicated that the three viruses are ubiquitous in broilers. Antibodies to FPV in 14 (0.5%) of 2935 sera, and to NDV in 6 (0.2%) of 3320 sera, were demonstrated in five of 59 and in one of 60 flocks, respectively, indicating that these two viruses occur only rarely. Antibodies to HVT, in 315 (9.0%) of 3384 sera, were detected in 39 of 60 flocks tested, suggesting poor serological response to vaccination and low field exposure to MDV. Antibodies to IBV, in 61 (2.1 %) of 2925 sera, were found in 12 of 57 flocks tested. However, in only one flock was the percentage of reactors significant (41 %); in the 11 flocks the percentage of broilers with antibody ranged from 1.7 to 16.1 %. Finally, no antibodies were found in 3491 sera from 60 flocks tested for AAV-2, nor in 3035 sera from 59 flocks when tested for ILTV, indicating that these two viruses do not exist in the geographical area tested. The significance of these findings is discussed.

• Antibodies broilers reovirus Gumboro Fowl pox Marek's disease adenoviruses infectious bronchitis infectious laryngotracheitis Newcastle disease

Abstract in Portuguese:

Amostras de sangue foram obtidas ao abate de 60 frangos de corte, de 43 a 56 dias de idade, de cada uma de 60 granjas sem problemas sanitários aparentes localizadas em uma região de alta densidade de produção avícola. As granjas correspondiam a 10% do número total que existe na região e estavam localizadas em um raio de 50 km. Todos os frangos tinham sido vacinados contra a doença de Marek no primeiro dia de vida. Os soros foram avaliados no teste de imunodifusão para anticorpos para reovírus aviário (R V A), vírus da doença infecciosa da bursa (VDIB), vírus da bouba aviária (VBA), vírus herpes de perus (HVT), adenovírus aviário do grupo 1 (AVA-1) e do grupo 2 (A VA-2). Os mesmos soros foram examinados no microteste de soroneutralização em placas para anticorpos para o vírus da bronquite infecciosa (VBI) e o vírus da laringotraqueíte infecciosa (VLTI), bem como anticorpos inibidores da hemoaglutinação para o vírus da doença de Newcastle (VDN). Anticorpos para RVA, detectados em 2172 (63,6%) de 3418 soros, e para AVA-1, em 2701 (78,2%) de 3456 soros, foram demonstrados em todas as 60 granjas, enquanto que, anticorpos para o VDIB, em 3086 (89,4%) de 3452 soros, foram encontrados em somente 57 destas granjas. Estes resultados indicam que os três vírus são ubíquos em frangos de corte da região estudada. Anticorpos para o VBA em 14 (0,5%) de 2935 soros, para o VDN em seis (0,2%) de 3320 soros, foram encontrados em cinco de 59 e em uma de 60 granjas, respectivamente, indicando que esses dois vírus ocorrem apenas raramente. Anticorpos para HVT, em 315 (9,0%) de 3484 soros, foram detectados em 39 de 60 granjas testadas, sugerindo resposta sorológica pobre à vacinação e baixa exposição de campo ao vírus da doença de Marek. Anticorpos para o VBI, em 61 (2,1%) de 2925 soros, foram encontrados em 12 de 57 granjas testadas. Porém, em apenas uma granja a percentagem de reagentes era significativa (41 %); nas outras 11 granjas a percentagem de frangos com anticorpos variava de 1,7 a 16,1%. Finalmente, não foram detectados anticorpos em 3491 soros de 60 granjas testada para A VA-2, nem em 3035 soros de 59 granjas testadas para o VLTI, indicando que esses vírus não existem na área geográficas estudada. O significado de todos os achados é discutido.

• Anticorpos frangos de corte reovírus Gumboro bouba Marek adenovírus bronquite infecciosa laringotraqueíte infecciosa Newcastle

Abstract in English:

A comparative study of different application methods of a vaccine prepared with the LaSota strain, in primary vaccination against Newcastle disease, was· carried out in broiler-chicks from immune parental stock. Primary vaccination of seven day old birds was performed by aerosol, eye drop instillation and drinking water. The aerosol method induced the highest response of the hemagglutination inhiniting antibody, which was significant at the 5% level of probability whem compared to the eyedrop and drinking water methods. Whem vaccinated birds were challenged, it was found that the aerosol method provided better protection than the drinking water method, significant at the 5% level of probability. However, no significant diferences could be detected between the aerosol and the eyedrop methods. There was no correlalion between the hemagglutination inhibiting antibody titers found and the protection to challenge.

• Newcastle·disease LaSota hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test challenge aerosol eyedrop instillation drinking water broiler-chicks

Abstract in Portuguese:

Um estudo comparativo entre diferentes métodos de administração de vacina preparada com a estirpe LaSota, em primovacinação contra a doença de Newcastle, foi realizado em pintos de corte, procedentes de matrizes imunizadas. Empregando-se primovacinação aos sete dias de idade das aves, pelas vias aerógenas, ocular e oral; o método aerosol induziu melhor resposta de anticorpos inibidores da hemaglutinação (HI), com significância ao nível de 5% de probabilidade, em relação aos métodos ocular e oral. No teste de proteção ao desafio, verificou-se a supremacia do método aerosol em relação ao oral, com significância ao nível de 5% de probabilidade, entretanto, sem diferenças significativas entre os métodos aerosol e ocular. Os títulos de anticorpos inibidores da hemaglutinação, em têrmos de valores médios não guardaram correspondência com os índices de proteção ao desafio.

• Doença de Newcastle LaSota reação de inibição da hemaglutinação (HI) desafio aerosol ocular oral pintos de corte