PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Claus M.P., Vivian D., Lunardi M., Alfieri A.F. & Alfieri A.A. 2007. [Phylogenetic analysis of bovine papillomavirus associated with skin warts in cattle herds from the state of Paraná.] Análise filogenética do papilomavírus bovino associado a lesões cutâneas em rebanhos do Estado do Paraná. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(7):314-318. Laboratório de Virologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Cx. Postal 6001, Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. E-mail: alfieri@uel.br Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) infection causes hyperplastic lesions in the cutaneous epithelium of cattle. Six types of BPV were classified in two sub-groups, being correlated to the anatomical regions of the infection and morphologic characteristics of the lesions. The present study was carried out to identify the types of BPV present in skin warts of cattle from the state of Paraná, Brazil. The generic primers FAP59 and FAP64 were used for amplification of a 478 bp fragment of BPV L1 gene in nine cutaneous papilloma samples obtained from six animals in four herds. In all papillomas examined, a product with the expected molecular size was amplified. Phylogenetic analysis of the PCR products identified BPV-2 in three samples, BPV-1 in one, and BPV-6 in five papillomas. BPV-6 was detected in cutaneous papillomas of the teat and in other body parts as well. In one animal, from which more than one sample was collected, a concomitant infection by BPV-1 and BPV-2 was identified. The five positive BPV-6 samples showed a nucleotide identity of 100% with the sequence of the reference strain available in GenBank. However, differences among BPV-2 and BPV-1 Brazilian samples and the respective reference sequences deposited in GenBank were observed. Molecular comparison of the two BPV-2 strains identified showed the involvement of two viral variants. This study revealed the diversity of BPV types circulating in the state of Paraná.

• Bovine papillomavirus cutaneous papillomatosis phylogeny polymerase chain reaction

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Claus M.P., Vivian D., Lunardi M., Alfieri A.F. & Alfieri A.A. 2007. [Phylogenetic analysis of bovine papillomavirus associated with skin warts in cattle herds from the state of Paraná.] Análise filogenética do papilomavírus bovino associado a lesões cutâneas em rebanhos do Estado do Paraná. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(7):314-318. Laboratório de Virologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Cx. Postal 6001, Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. E-mail: alfieri@uel.br Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) infection causes hyperplastic lesions in the cutaneous epithelium of cattle. Six types of BPV were classified in two sub-groups, being correlated to the anatomical regions of the infection and morphologic characteristics of the lesions. The present study was carried out to identify the types of BPV present in skin warts of cattle from the state of Paraná, Brazil. The generic primers FAP59 and FAP64 were used for amplification of a 478 bp fragment of BPV L1 gene in nine cutaneous papilloma samples obtained from six animals in four herds. In all papillomas examined, a product with the expected molecular size was amplified. Phylogenetic analysis of the PCR products identified BPV-2 in three samples, BPV-1 in one, and BPV-6 in five papillomas. BPV-6 was detected in cutaneous papillomas of the teat and in other body parts as well. In one animal, from which more than one sample was collected, a concomitant infection by BPV-1 and BPV-2 was identified. The five positive BPV-6 samples showed a nucleotide identity of 100% with the sequence of the reference strain available in GenBank. However, differences among BPV-2 and BPV-1 Brazilian samples and the respective reference sequences deposited in GenBank were observed. Molecular comparison of the two BPV-2 strains identified showed the involvement of two viral variants. This study revealed the diversity of BPV types circulating in the state of Paraná.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Pretto L.G., Müller E.E., Freitas J.C., Mettifogo E., Buzinhani M., Yamaguti M. & Salvador R. 2001. [Mastitis caused by Mycoplasma bovis in dairy cattle] Mastite bovina por Mycoplasma bovis em rebanhos leiteiros. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 21(4):143-145. Depto Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-970, Brazil. In this study 713 cows were examined. The animals were from three dairy farms in northern Paraná and the southwest of the State of São Paulo. From these cows, 137 had mastitis. On the three farms, 8 cows (1-12%) with Mycoplasma bovis mastitis were detected. Four were treated with tylosin and oxytetracyçlin and three with enrofloxacin There was no response to the treatments, and these animals were culled during the lactation period. One cow treated with enrofloxacin almost totally recovered milk production, but elimination of M. bovis continued during the lactation, and there was no bacteriological cure. This cow had a normal milk production in the next lactation period, without elimination of M. bovis. Culling of positive animals, the bacteriological study anel correct application of preventive practices for contagious mastitis controlled the dissemination of M. bovis to other animals.

• Mastitis dairy cattle Mycoplasma bovis Mastite gado leiteiro.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Pretto L.G., Müller E.E., Freitas J.C., Mettifogo E., Buzinhani M., Yamaguti M. & Salvador R. 2001. [Mastitis caused by Mycoplasma bovis in dairy cattle] Mastite bovina por Mycoplasma bovis em rebanhos leiteiros. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 21(4):143-145. Depto Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-970, Brazil. Foram examinadas 713 vacas de três rebanhos leiteiros localizados na região norte do Estado do Paraná e sudoeste do Estado de São Paulo, das quais 137 apresentaram mastite. Nas três propriedades foram detectados oito animais (1, 12%) com mastite clínica por Mycoplasma bovis. Destes animais, quatro tratados com oxitetraciclina e tilosina e três com enrofloxacina, não responderam ao tratamento e foram descartados no decorrer da lactação. Uma vaca medicada com enrofloxacina recuperou quase que totalmente a secreção láctea mas a eliminação de M. bovis persistiu por toda lactação. Esta vaca apresentou cura bacteriológica na lactação seguinte. O descarte dos animais positivos, monitoramento bacteriológico e a aplicação correta das me9idas de prevenção para as mastites contagiosas controlaram a disseminação de M. bovis nos rebanhos.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Vieira L.S. & Cavalcante A.C.R. 1999. [Anthelmintic resistance in goat herds in the State of Ceará.] Resistência anti-helmíntica em rebanhos caprinos no Estado do Ceará. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 19(3/4):99-103. Embrapa-CNPC, Km 4 da Estrada Sobral-Groaíras, Cx. Postal 0-10, Sobral, CE 62011-970, Brazi. Goats of 45 farms in the State of Ceará, Brazil, were treated with anthelmintics for gastrointestinal nematodes, and their resistance to the anthelmintics was evaluated. On each farm 30 kids were weighed, ear-tagged and divided into three groups of ten. The first group received oxfendazole at 4.75mg/kg, the second levamisole at 7.5mg/kg, and the third group remained untreated as control. All goats were drenched according to their individual body weight. Fecal samples were collected from all animals (treated and control) on the day of treatment and 7 days later, to provide material for egg counts and larval cultures. Among 34 surveyed herds 20.6% showed levamisole resistance, 17.6% showed resistance to benzimidazole, and 35.3% had multiple resistance. At the time of the assessment 52.9% of the farmers were using broad spectrum anthelmintics. Only 26.5% of the surveyed herds had nematode populations susceptible to the anthelmintics assessed. The results of larval cultures showed that larvae surviving the treatment with oxfendazole were mainly Haemonchus sp and, to a lesser extent, Oesophagostomum sp; those surviving levamisole treatment were Haemonchus sp, Oesophagostomum sp and Trichostrongylus sp.

• Goats gastrointestinal nematodes anthelmintics anthelmintic resistance Caprinos nematódeos gastrintestinais anti-helmínticos resistência anti-helmíntica.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Vieira L.S. & Cavalcante A.C.R. 1999. [Anthelmintic resistance in goat herds in the State of Ceará.] Resistência anti-helmíntica em rebanhos caprinos no Estado do Ceará. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 19(3/4):99-103. Embrapa-CNPC, Km 4 da Estrada Sobral-Groaíras, Cx. Postal 0-10, Sobral, CE 62011-970, Brazi. Um levantamento em nível de campo sobre resistência anti-helmíntica em nematódeos gastrintestinais de; caprinos foi realizado em 34 rebanhos no Estado do Ceará. Em cada rebanho foram separados 30 cabritos, de ambos os sexos, com idade variando de 1 a 6 meses, os quais foram individualmente pesados, identificados e distribuídos em três tratamentos: 1) Oxfendazole na dose de 4, 75mg/kg; 2) Levamisole na dose de 7,5 mg/kg e 3) Controle (não medicado). Os anti-helmínticos foram administrados de acordo com o peso individual de cada animal e, a dosagem utilizada para cada produto foi a recomendada pelo laboratório fabricante. Foram colhidas fezes dos animais de todos os tratamentos, para OPG e coprocultura, no dia da medicação e 7 dias após. Dos 34 rebanhos avaliados, 7 (20,6%) apresentaram resistência aos imidazóis, 6 (17,6%) aos benzimidazóis e 12 (35,3%) revelaram resistência múltipla. Apenas em 9 rebanhos (26,5%), os nematódeos foram sensíveis aos anti-helmínticos avaliados. Através do questionário aplicado detectou-se que 52,9% dos caprinocultores entrevistados usavam anti-helmínticos de amplo espectro. Os resultados das coproculturas mostraram que os gêneros sobreviventes à medicação com oxfendazole foram principalmente Haemonchus sp, seguido em menor frequência por Oesophagostomum sp, enquanto que ao cloridrato de levamisole sobreviveram Haemonchus sp, Oesophagostomum sp e Trichostrongylus sp.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Del Fava C., De Stefano E., Pituco E.M., Bilynsky J.M.C.V., Okuda L.H., Pozzi, C.R., Veríssimo C.J. & Demarchi J.J.A.A. 1998. [Eradication of Herpesvirus Bovine-1 (BHV-1) from a dairy cattle herd with a semi-intensive management.] Erradicação do Herpesvírus Bovino- 1 (BHV-1) de um rebanho bovino leiteiro em manejo semi-intensivo. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 18(2):61-68. Instituto de Zootecnia, Cx. Postal 60, Nova Odessa, SP 13460-000, Brazil. To eradicate the BHV-1 from a dairy cattle herd without vaccination, a preliminar serological survey was performed in 154 animals, that revealed 15.6% seropositives for BHV- 1. The test used was serum neutralization with the microtitration technique. The seropositive nonpregnant cows were immediately eliminated from the herd and the pregnant cows were isolated and eliminated after parturiation. The calves with colostral antibodies were kept in the herd. There were no seropositive animals between the 6 to 12 months old calves and the heifers. The animals were monitored serologically every 3 months for 21 months and afterwords in 2 semestral intervals. The seropositive nonpregnant, pregnant and the nursing cows were the source of BHV-1 infecction. In order to maintain a BHV-1 free herd, measurements of control had been taken, as the utilization of virus-free semen, quarantine when animals were introduced into the herd, and semestral serological surveys. Through these measurements the farm has been BHV-1 free for 18 months.

• Eradication BHV-1 dairy cattle Erradicação bovinos leiteiros.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Del Fava C., De Stefano E., Pituco E.M., Bilynsky J.M.C.V., Okuda L.H., Pozzi, C.R., Veríssimo C.J. & Demarchi J.J.A.A. 1998. [Eradication of Herpesvirus Bovine-1 (BHV-1) from a dairy cattle herd with a semi-intensive management.] Erradicação do Herpesvírus Bovino- 1 (BHV-1) de um rebanho bovino leiteiro em manejo semi-intensivo. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 18(2):61-68. Instituto de Zootecnia, Cx. Postal 60, Nova Odessa, SP 13460-000, Brazil. Com o objetivo de erradicar o BHV-1 de um rebanho bovino leiteiro de alto valor genético sem a utilização de vacina, foi realizado um exame sorológico prévio em 154 animais, onde constatou-se 15,6% de reagentes ao BHV-1. A técnica utilizada foi a soroneutralização em microplacas. Dentre os animais soropositivos, as vacas vazias foram descartadas imediatamente e as prenhes isoladas e descartadas após o parto. Os bezerros apresentaram anticorpos colostrais até os seis meses de idade, motivo pelo qual não foram descartados; nos bezerros de 6 a 12 meses de idade e nas novilhas não foram diagnosticados animais soropositivos. Os animais foram examinados trimestralmente, por 21 meses, seguido de mais duas coletas semestrais. As vacas secas, prenhes e em lactação, soropositivas, revelaram ser a fonte de infecção do BHV-1. A manutenção de rebanho livre é possível, desde que sejam adotadas medidas como a utilização de sêmen livre de BHV-1, realização de quarentena no ingresso de animais e exames sorológicos anuais visando impedir a reintrodução do vírus. Com o conjunto destas medidas adotadas, a fazenda encontra-se há 18 meses livre do BHV-1.

Abstract in English:

Thirty one farms, located throughout the county of Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul, were assessed for anthelmintic usage and for sheep nematode resistance to anthelmintics. On each farm, 30 weaned lambs were weighed, ear-tagged and divided into three groups of ten. One group received thiabendazole at 66.75mg/kg, the second tetramisole at 12.6mg/kg, while the third remained untreated as a control. All lambs were drenched according to their individual body weight. Faeces were collected from all animals on the day of treatment and 7 days later to provide material for egg counts and larval cultures. Between the 31 surveyed farms, 38.7% showed benzimidazole resistance, 25.8% resistance to leva/tetramisole and 19.4% had multiple resistance. At the time of the assessment all farmers were using broad spectrum anthelmintics. The results of larval cultures showed that larvae surviving the treatment with thiabendazole were mainly Haemonchus, while those surviving tetramisole treatment were Trichostrongylus spp and Ostertagia spp.

• Anthelmintic resistance sheep assessment

Abstract in Portuguese:

A avaliação de resistência de parasitos aos anti-helmínticos a nível de campo foi realizado em 31 rebanhos de ovinos de Bagé, RS. Em cada fazenda foram separados 30 cordeiros desmamados (nascidos no inverno-primavera anterior) os quais foram individualmente pesados, identificados e distribuídos em três tratamentos: 1) Thiabendazole = 66,75mg/kg; 2) Tetramisole = 12,6mg/kg e 3) Controle = não medicado. Os anti-helmínticos foram administrados conforme o peso individual de cada cordeiro. Fezes foram coletadas para OPG e cultura de larvas no dia da medicação e 7 dias após. Das 31 propriedades estudadas 38,7% apresentaram resistência aos benzimidazóis, 25,8% aos leva/tetramisóis e 19,4% resistência múltipla. Apenas 16,1 % apresentavam-se totalmente sensíveis aos anti-helnúnticos. Os resultados das culturas de larvas revelaram que as larvas que sobreviveram a medicação com thiabendazole eram principalmente Haemonchus spp enquanto que as sobreviventes ao tratamento com leva/tetramisole eram principalmente Trichostrongylus spp e Ostertagia spp.

• Resistência anti-helmíntica ovinos avaliação

Abstract in English:

A representative sample of blood from dairy cattle in the Sta te of Parana was tested for the presence of antibodies against the virus of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) and it was found that the general prevalence of the virus was 20.7%, in 40.8% of the surveyed farms. The higher prevalences of the virus were found in the areas of the State where the economic significance of dairy production is greater and this prevalence was also higher in the older animals and in those of the Holstein breeds.

• Enzootic bovine leukosis virus leukemia

Abstract in Portuguese:

Uma amostragem representativa de sangue do rebanho bovino produtor de leite do Estado do Paraná foi submetida à prova específica para verificação de anticorpos contra o vírus da leucose enzoótica bovina (LEB), tendo sido encontrado um índice geral de prevalência de 20,7% em 40,8% das propriedades pesquisadas. As maiores prevalências do vírus foram encontradas nas áreas do Estado onde a importância econômica da bovinocultura de leite é maior e esta prevalência foi maior nos animais mais velhos e naqueles das raças Holandesas.

• Leucose enzoótica bovina vírus leucemia

Abstract in English:

Fifty-five dairy cows from two herds located in the State of Rio de Janeiro, were evaluated monthly over a six month period for persistent lymphocytosis (PL) and for the presence of plasma antibody to the major glycoprotein (gp51) of bovine leukosis virus (BLV), as evidence of infection. Absolute lymphocyte counts were superimposed on Bendixen's hematological key for bovine leukosis. Animals were considered to have PL when, during the six month period, three absolute lymphocyte counts were above 7000 per mm3 of blood. In herd A, of 15 absolute lymphocyte counts from three antibody-negative cows, 13 (86.7%) were normal and two (13.3%) suspect. Counts from 17 antibody-positive cows from the sarne herd showed 29 (30.5%) normal, 36 (37.9%) suspect and 30 (31.6%) leukotic. In herd B, of 82 absolute lymphocyte counts from 14 antibody-negative cows, 45 (54.9%) were normal, 23 (28.1%) suspect and 14 (17.0%) leukotic. Counts from 21 antibody-positive cows showed that 53 (45.3%) were normal, 40 (34.2%) were suspect and 24 (20.5%) were leukotic. It is concluded that PL is an unreliable criterion to identify cattle infected with BLV in the subtropical environment, and must not be used in programs aimed at controlling or eradicating BLV from infected herds. However, the hematological keys will continue to be useful in the diagnosis of the clinical disease, that is, the bovine lymphosarcoma. The use of the immunodiffusion test to detect antibody to gp51 in the plasma or serum of infected cattle is a simple and sensitive tool in the control of BLV infection.

• Enzootic bovine leukosis virus persistent lymphocytosis antibodies glycoprotein

Abstract in Portuguese:

Cinqüenta e cinco vacas leiteiras de dois rebanhos localizados no Estado do Rio de Janeiro foram examinadas mensalmente, durante um período de seis meses. para determinar a linfocitose persistente (LP) e a presença, no plasma, de anticorpos contra a glicoproteina maior (gp51) do vírus da leucose bovina (VLB), como evidência da infecção. As contagens linfocitárias absolutas foram sobrepostas à chave hematológica de Bendixen para leucose bovina. Os animais foram considerados portadores de LP quando, durante o período de seis meses, três contagens linfocitárias absolutas estavam acima de 7000 por mm3 de sangue. No rebanho A, de 15 contagens linfocitárias absolutas de três vacas anticorpo-negativas, 13 (86,7%) eram normais e duas (13,3%) atingiram a faixa de suspeitas. De 95 contagens de 17 vacas anticorpo-positivas do mesmo rebanho, ,29 mostraram-se (30,5%) normais, 36 (37,9%) suspeitas e 30 (31,6%) leucóticas. No rebanho B, de 82 contagens linfocitárias absolutas de 14 vacas anticorpo-negativas; 45 (54,9%) eram normais, 23 (28,1 %) suspeitas e 14 (17,0%) leucóticas. As 117 contagens de 21 vacas anticorpo-positivas mostraram que 53 (45,3%) eram normais, 40 (34,2%) eram suspeitas e 24 (20,5%) eram leucóticas. Concluiu-se que a LP é um critério pouco confiável na detecção de bovinos infectados com o VLB num ambiente subtropical e não deve ser utilizada em programas que objetivam a controlar ou erradicar o VLB de rebanhos infectados. Porém, as chaves hematológicas continuarão sendo úteis no diagnóstico da doença clínica, o linfossarcoma bovino. Ficou também evidente que a prova de imunodifusão para detectar anticorpos contra gp51 no plasma ou soro de animais infectados é um método simples e sensível para o controle da leucose bovina.

• Leucose enzoótica bovina vírus linfocitose persistente anticorpos glicoproteina