PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Del Puerto H.L., Vasconcelos A.C., Moro L., Alves F., Braz G.F. & Martins A.S. 2010. Canine distemper virus detection in asymptomatic and non vaccinated dogs. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(2):139-144. Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil. E-mail: helendelpuerto@hotmail.com A quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed canine distemper virus presence in peripheral blood samples from asymptomatic and non vaccinated dogs. Samples from eleven domestic dogs with no signs of canine distemper and not vaccinated at the month of collection were used. Canine distemper virus vaccine samples in VERO cells were used as positive controls. RNA was isolated with Trizol®, and treated with a TURBO DNA-free kit. Primers were designed for canine distemper virus nucleocapsid protein coding region fragment amplification (84 bp). Canine b-actin (93 bp) was utilized as the endogenous control for normalization. Quantitative results of real time PCR generated by ABI Prism 7000 SDS Software showed that 54.5% of dogs with asymptomatic canine distemper were positive for canine distemper virus. Dissociation curves confirmed the specificity of the real time PCR fragments. This technique could detect even a few copies of viral RNA and identificate subclinically infected dogs providing accurate diagnosis of this disease at an early stage.

• Cinomose cinomose canina

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Del Puerto H.L., Vasconcelos A.C., Moro L., Alves F., Braz G.F. & Martins A.S. 2010. Canine distemper virus detection in asymptomatic and non vaccinated dogs. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(2):139-144. [Detecção do vírus da cinomose canina em cães assintomáticos e não vacinados.]Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil. E-mail: helendelpuerto@hotmail.com A reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) em tempo real revelou a presença do vírus da cinomose canina em amostra de sangue de cães assintomáticos e não vacinados. Amostra de onze cães domésticos sem nenhum sinal clínico de cinomose e que não foram vacinados no mês da coleta de sangue foram utilizados para análise. Amostra vacinal do vírus da cinomose canina em células VERO foi utilizada como controle positivo. O RNA total foi isolado utilizando-se Trizol®, e tratadas com o Kit TURBO DNA-free. Os iniciadores foram desenhados para amplificar a região do nucleocapsídeo viral com 319pb e 84pb para a PCR convencional e PCR em tempo real, respectivamente. O fragmento alvo da b-actina canina com 93pb foi utilizado como controle endógeno e normalizador. Resultados quantitativos da PCR em tempo real gerados pelo programa ABI Prism 7000 SDS demonstraram que 54,5% dos cães assintomáticos foram positivos para o vírus da cinomose canina. As curvas de dissociação confirmaram a especificidade dos fragmentos da PCR em tempo real. A detecção precoce do RNA viral é importante para a identificação de cães subclinicamente infectados e limitar a difusão da doença.

Abstract in English:

RESUMO.- Costa F.B., Alves F.R., Costa A.P., Barros A.C.E., Guerra P.C., Sousa A.L. & Oliveira A.S. 2009. Ultrasonographic and radiographic determination of egg development of jurarás (Kinosternon scorpioides) in captivity. [Determinação ultrassonográfica e radiográfica do desenvolvimento de ovos de jurarás em cativeiro.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(10):841-846. Departamento das Clínicas, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Tirirical, Cx. Postal 9, São Luís, MA 65055-310, Brazil. E-mail: franc.borges@yahoo.com.br A tartaruga Kinosternon scorpioides (Linnaeus, 1766), com nome popular de jurará, é uma espécie bastante variável, e muitos nomes diferentes são atribuídos às suas populações, de acordo com sua localização geográfica. Atualmente, quatro subespécies foram validadas como K. scorpioides surgindo desde o extremo Sul do Panamá e norte da América do Sul, podendo ser encontradas ainda no Equador, no norte do Peru, sul da Bolívia, norte da Argentina, leste da Guiana e no Brasil. Desde modo, foi realizado um estudo ultrassonográfico e radiológico, a fim de descrever a morfologia e o desenvolvimento dos ovos de K. scorpioides em cativeiro, utilizando-se 20 fêmeas, no período de setembro de 2005 a agosto de 2006. No primeiro mês, o ciclo ovariano foi caracterizado pela ausência de folículos vitelogênicos, atrésicos ou presença de ovos em ovidutos. De outubro de 2005 a março de 2006 a varredura ultrassonográfica permitiu determinar o crescimento vitelogênico dos folículos, os quais foram observados com um formato que variou de ovóide a esférico, envolvidos por um conteúdo ecogênico, uma camada não-ecogência de albumina e uma casca de elevada ecogenicidade. Ovos presentes em ovidutos foram identificados por radiografias apenas 180 dias após início do experimento, quando a casca tornou-se suficientemente mineralizada para impressionar o filme radiográfico. Um transdutor linear de 7,5 MHz promoveu imagens com resolução e penetração adequada para visibilização de folículos. Exames ultrassonográficos sucessivos em fêmeas K. scorpioides permitiram determinar os estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento de folículos vitelogênicos e o exame radiográfico mostrou-se como técnica simples para avaliar a presença de ovos em ovidutos, permitindo fazer inferências sobre desenvolvimento de ovos em jurarás, a partir dos 6 meses de pós-observação por ultrassonografia.

• Kinosternon scorpioides jurará mud turtle wildlife conservation reproduction

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Costa F.B., Alves F.R., Costa A.P., Barros A.C.E, Guerra P.C., Sousa A.L. & Oliveira A.S. 2009. Ultrasonographic and radiographic determination of egg development of jurarás (Kinosternon scorpioides) in captivity. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(10):841-846. Departamento das Clínicas, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Tirirical, Cx. Postal 9, São Luís, MA 65055-310, Brazil. E-mail: franc.borges@yahoo.com.br Kinosternon scorpioides (Linnaeus, 1766), with its common name of jurará, is a quite variable species of turtles, and many different names have been applied to populations throughout its range. Currently, however, four subspecies are considered valid as K. scorpioides arises from southern Panama over most of northern South America and is found in Ecuador, northern Peru, southern Bolivia, northern Argentina, eastern Guyana and Brazil. Thus, an ultrasonographic and radiographic study was performed in order to describe the morphology and development of eggs of 20 female jurará mud turtles K. scorpioides, from September 2005 to August 2006. In the first month, the ovarian cycle was characterized by absence of vitellogenic follicles, atresic follicles or oviduct eggs. From October 2005 to March 2006 on, ultrasonographic scanning allowed to establish the growing vitellogenic follicles. Vitellogenic follicles were observed with spherical to ovoid shapes, with a surrounding echogenic yolk, a nonechogenic albumin layer, and a high echogenic shell. The oviduct eggs were identified by radiography just 180 days after beginning the experiment, when the shell became enough mineralized to impress the radiographic film. This experiment allowed to obtain by means of the 7.5 MHz linear probe images with adequate resolution and penetration for visualization of follicles. Successive ultrasonographic examinations of 20 K. scorpioides females allowed to access initial stages of vitellogenic follicles and oviduct eggs, and radiographic examination revealed to be an easy technique to assess oviduct eggs and to allow evaluation of egg development in jurarás, from 6 months on.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Neto F.C.P., Guerra P.C., Costa F.B., Araújo A.V.C., Miglino M.A., Bombonato P.P.,Vulcano L.C. & Alves F.R. 2009. [Ultrasonography of the liver, renal and reproductive apparatus of Boa constrictor Snake.] Ultra-sonografia do fígado, aparelho renal e reprodutivo da jibóia (Boa constrictor). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(4):317-321. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: flaviovet@usp.br Currently, wild animals have been received special attention for domestic breeding. In Wild Animal Medicine, ultrasonographic exams could be considered as a tool to diagnose and prevent disease. Ultrasonographic examination of twenty snakes (Boa constrictor) was performed in order to describe the morphological and ultrasonography appearance of their coelomic structures. Examination by ultrasonography revealed the parechymal liver ranging from slightly hypoechogenic to hyperechogenic, with echogenic margins and homogeneous echotexture in total scanning of this organ. The kidney was accessible for examination by sagittal ultrasound, showing an ellipsoid shape, a hyperechogenic capsule with a thin and regular wall. Ultrasonographic scanning of ovarian follicle showed an ovoid shape, as well as a thin, regular and slightly hyperechogenic edge. No evident structures from male reproductive system were identified by ultrasound examination because of their similar echogenic appearance to the tissues around and the “body fat” that lies in this region. Examination by ultrasound of the coelomic structures was a fast and repeatable technique, which provides useful data to recognize the morphology, sintopy and ultrasonographic appearance of organs such as liver, kidneys and vitellogenic follicles.

• Boa constrictor snake ultrasound wild animals Amazon

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Neto F.C.P., Guerra P.C., Costa F.B., Araújo A.V.C., Miglino M.A., Bombonato P.P.,Vulcano L.C. & Alves F.R. 2009. [Ultrasonography of the liver, renal and reproductive apparatus of Boa constrictor Snake.] Ultra-sonografia do fígado, aparelho renal e reprodutivo da jibóia (Boa constrictor). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(4):317-321. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: flaviovet@usp.br Currently, wild animals have been received special attention for domestic breeding. In Wild Animal Medicine, ultrasonographic exams could be considered as a tool to diagnose and prevent disease. Ultrasonographic examination of twenty snakes (Boa constrictor) was performed in order to describe the morphological and ultrasonography appearance of their coelomic structures. Examination by ultrasonography revealed the parechymal liver ranging from slightly hypoechogenic to hyperechogenic, with echogenic margins and homogeneous echotexture in total scanning of this organ. The kidney was accessible for examination by sagittal ultrasound, showing an ellipsoid shape, a hyperechogenic capsule with a thin and regular wall. Ultrasonographic scanning of ovarian follicle showed an ovoid shape, as well as a thin, regular and slightly hyperechogenic edge. No evident structures from male reproductive system were identified by ultrasound examination because of their similar echogenic appearance to the tissues around and the “body fat” that lies in this region. Examination by ultrasound of the coelomic structures was a fast and repeatable technique, which provides useful data to recognize the morphology, sintopy and ultrasonographic appearance of organs such as liver, kidneys and vitellogenic follicles.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Alves F.R., Feitosa M.L.T., Gatti A., Fadel L., Unruh S.M., Ambrósio C.E., Sterman F.A., Pinto A.C.B.C.F. & Miglino M.A. 2009. [Radiologic images of the thoracic cavity of Golden Retriever dogs affected by muscular dystrophy.] Imagem radiográfica da cavidade torácica de cães Golden Retriever acometidos pela Distrofia Muscular. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(2):99-104. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: flaviovet@usp.br Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder with clinical signs of muscular weaknesses and progressive atrophy. Golden Retriever dogs show similar genotypic and phenotypic characteristics to Human Muscular Dystrophy and are considered a proper animal model for DMD studies. Latero-lateral and dorso-ventral thoracic radiographies were obtained from 10 Golden Retriever dogs affected by muscular dystrophy, to investigate possible radiographic alterations. Thorax radiographic examination revealed (a) interstitial and alveolar pattern, (b) initial phases of pneumonia and pulmonary edema, (c) cardiomegaly as a principal alteration in the thoracic cavity, (d) megaesophagus displacing the trachea and heart silhouette, and (e) cranial protrusion of the diaphragm lining into the thorax with development of a hiatus hernia displacing the stomach to the caudal mediastinum. Postmortem examination showed pleural effusion, pulmonary emphysema, degenerative and metaplasic processes in the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. Radiographic examination was considered essential for the diagnosis of cardiac and respiratory disease in Golden Retriever dogs affected by muscular dystrophy, and to identify the primary pulmonary process and to provide the establishment of suitable therapeutic treatment, with a reserved prognosis in advanced stage of the disease.

• Muscular dystrophy Duchenne Golden Retriever dog radiology

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Alves F.R., Feitosa M.L.T., Gatti A., Fadel L., Unruh S.M., Ambrósio C.E., Sterman F.A., Pinto A.C.B.C.F. & Miglino M.A. 2009. [Radiologic images of the thoracic cavity of Golden Retriever dogs affected by muscular dystrophy.] Imagem radiográfica da cavidade torácica de cães Golden Retriever acometidos pela Distrofia Muscular. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(2):99-104. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: flaviovet@usp.br Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder with clinical signs of muscular weaknesses and progressive atrophy. Golden Retriever dogs show similar genotypic and phenotypic characteristics to Human Muscular Dystrophy and are considered a proper animal model for DMD studies. Latero-lateral and dorso-ventral thoracic radiographies were obtained from 10 Golden Retriever dogs affected by muscular dystrophy, to investigate possible radiographic alterations. Thorax radiographic examination revealed (a) interstitial and alveolar pattern, (b) initial phases of pneumonia and pulmonary edema, (c) cardiomegaly as a principal alteration in the thoracic cavity, (d) megaesophagus displacing the trachea and heart silhouette, and (e) cranial protrusion of the diaphragm lining into the thorax with development of a hiatus hernia displacing the stomach to the caudal mediastinum. Postmortem examination showed pleural effusion, pulmonary emphysema, degenerative and metaplasic processes in the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. Radiographic examination was considered essential for the diagnosis of cardiac and respiratory disease in Golden Retriever dogs affected by muscular dystrophy, and to identify the primary pulmonary process and to provide the establishment of suitable therapeutic treatment, with a reserved prognosis in advanced stage of the disease.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Alves F.R., Costa F.B., Arouche M.M.S., Barros A.C.E., Miglino M.A., Vulcano L.C. & Guerra P.C. 2007. [Ultrasonographic evaluation of the urinary system, liver and uterus of Cebus apella monkey.] Avaliação ultra-sonográfica do sistema urinário, fígado e útero do macaco-prego, Cebus apella. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(9):377-382. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: flaviovet@usp.br The Brown Capuchin, Cebus apella, has a wide distribution in the northern and southern Brazilian Amazon region and in the Cerrado (savanna). These monkeys are usually submitted to predatory chase, increasing the need for preservation of this wild animal species. An ultrasonographic examination of 10 Brown Capuchins was made in order to describe the normal ultrasonographic anatomy of their abdominal cavity. The urinary bladder revealed its wall thickness with an average of 0.2cm, the topographic situation of which allowed close relation with the wall of uterus and descendent colon. Using caudal abdominal scan, images of aorta, caudal vena cava and right iliac vein were obtained. Liver was accessible for examination by sagittal and cross-section ultrasound, allowing visualization of gallbladder and hepatic vessels. Renal scan allowed accuracy to evidence the echogenicity differences between pelvis, renal sinus, as well as the cortical-medullary relationship. The mean length of the kidneys was 6.24±0.31cm, and no significant differences were observed between left and right kidney length (Student’s t-test and ANOVA). The renal volume obtained was 2.37±0.18cm3. Correlation Coefficients of Pearson between right and left renal length and between right and left renal volume were r = 0.74 and 0.51. Mean thickness for cortical and medullar regions was 0.75±0.11 and 0.39±0.06cm, respectively. Correlation Coefficient of corticomedullar relation between right and left renal was r = 0.19. Examination by ultrasound was considered an efficient, non-invasive, fast and repeatable technique which provides useful data for clinicians and surgeons engaged in wild animal medicine.

• Cebus apella Brown Capuchin ultrasound wild animals Amazon

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Alves F.R., Costa F.B., Arouche M.M.S., Barros A.C.E., Miglino M.A., Vulcano L.C. & Guerra P.C. 2007. [Ultrasonographic evaluation of the urinary system, liver and uterus of Cebus apella monkey.] Avaliação ultra-sonográfica do sistema urinário, fígado e útero do macaco-prego, Cebus apella. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(9):377-382. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: flaviovet@usp.br The Brown Capuchin, Cebus apella, has a wide distribution in the northern and southern Brazilian Amazon region and in the Cerrado (savanna). These monkeys are usually submitted to predatory chase, increasing the need for preservation of this wild animal species. An ultrasonographic examination of 10 Brown Capuchins was made in order to describe the normal ultrasonographic anatomy of their abdominal cavity. The urinary bladder revealed its wall thickness with an average of 0.2cm, the topographic situation of which allowed close relation with the wall of uterus and descendent colon. Using caudal abdominal scan, images of aorta, caudal vena cava and right iliac vein were obtained. Liver was accessible for examination by sagittal and cross-section ultrasound, allowing visualization of gallbladder and hepatic vessels. Renal scan allowed accuracy to evidence the echogenicity differences between pelvis, renal sinus, as well as the cortical-medullary relationship. The mean length of the kidneys was 6.24±0.31cm, and no significant differences were observed between left and right kidney length (Student’s t-test and ANOVA). The renal volume obtained was 2.37±0.18cm3. Correlation Coefficients of Pearson between right and left renal length and between right and left renal volume were r = 0.74 and 0.51. Mean thickness for cortical and medullar regions was 0.75±0.11 and 0.39±0.06cm, respectively. Correlation Coefficient of corticomedullar relation between right and left renal was r = 0.19. Examination by ultrasound was considered an efficient, non-invasive, fast and repeatable technique which provides useful data for clinicians and surgeons engaged in wild animal medicine.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Alves F.R., Santos T.C., Freiberger S., Ambrósio C.E. & Miglino M.A. 2007. [The dynamic of precursor of the olfactory epithelium of mongrel dogs: an immuno-histochemical and ultrastructural study.] Dinâmica dos precursores celulares do epitélio olfatório de cães sem raça definida: um estudo imunohistoquímico e ultra-estrutural. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(9): 388-392. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, USP, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: flaviovet@usp.br Olfactory epithelium presents a mechanism of differentiation where stem cells give arise to amplifying progenitor cell which express Mammalian Achaete Scute Homolog 1 (Mash1). These cells can be differentiated into olfactory receptors. An immunolocalization study and ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy of olfactory epithelium of mongrel dogs were made using 3 males (one year old) and 2 females (three years old). Labeled cells with positive staining by Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were observed in specific areas of the olfactory epithelium, especially above the basal membrane. The ultrastructure revealed cells adjacent to the basal membrane with morphology resembling sustentacular cells, supporting the idea of renewal of sustentacular and olfactory sensorial cells. Olfactory epithelium contains basal cells committed to self-renewal, characterized by high metabolic activity, identified by positive reaction to PCNA. These results suggested the renewal of sustentacular and sensorial olfactory cells through the same pathway.

• Olfactory epithelium basal cells precursor cells PCNA method

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Alves F.R., Santos T.C., Freiberger S., Ambrósio C.E. & Miglino M.A. 2007. [The dynamic of precursor of the olfactory epithelium of mongrel dogs: an immuno-histochemical and ultrastructural study.] Dinâmica dos precursores celulares do epitélio olfatório de cães sem raça definida: um estudo imunohistoquímico e ultra-estrutural. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(9): 388-392. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, USP, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: flaviovet@usp.br Olfactory epithelium presents a mechanism of differentiation where stem cells give arise to amplifying progenitor cell which express Mammalian Achaete Scute Homolog 1 (Mash1). These cells can be differentiated into olfactory receptors. An immunolocalization study and ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy of olfactory epithelium of mongrel dogs were made using 3 males (one year old) and 2 females (three years old). Labeled cells with positive staining by Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were observed in specific areas of the olfactory epithelium, especially above the basal membrane. The ultrastructure revealed cells adjacent to the basal membrane with morphology resembling sustentacular cells, supporting the idea of renewal of sustentacular and olfactory sensorial cells. Olfactory epithelium contains basal cells committed to self-renewal, characterized by high metabolic activity, identified by positive reaction to PCNA. These results suggested the renewal of sustentacular and sensorial olfactory cells through the same pathway.