PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Almeida R.F.C., Madruga C.R., Soares C.O., Fernandes M.C., Carvalho N.M., Jorge K.S.G. & Osório A.L.A.R. 2006. [Specific immune response of cattle to experimental sensibilization by inactivated Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium.] Resposta imune específica de bovinos experimentalmente sensibilizados com inóculos inativados de Mycobacterium bovis e Mycobacterium avium. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(4):195-200. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil. E-mail: analudmv@nin.ufms.br The presumptive diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis is based on analysis of the immune response to micobacterial antigens. This experimental simulation of sensibilization by Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium in cattle aimed to verify the immune response by both the cervical comparative test and the evolution of the specific production of gamma-interferon, and also to identify interference of unspecified reactions by M. avium on the test results. The results support that the experimental animals started a response of delayed hypersensitivity to the inactivated bacilli, and that both diagnostic tests for bovine tuberculosis were efficient for the identification of animals sensitized with M. bovis and for discrimination of reactions generated by inoculation of cattle with M. avium.

• Mycobacterium bovis Mycobacterium avium gamma-interferon tuberculin immune response

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Almeida R.F.C., Madruga C.R., Soares C.O., Fernandes M.C., Carvalho N.M., Jorge K.S.G. & Osório A.L.A.R. 2006. [Specific immune response of cattle to experimental sensibilization by inactivated Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium.] Resposta imune específica de bovinos experimentalmente sensibilizados com inóculos inativados de Mycobacterium bovis e Mycobacterium avium. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(4):195-200. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil. E-mail: analudmv@nin.ufms.br The presumptive diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis is based on analysis of the immune response to micobacterial antigens. This experimental simulation of sensibilization by Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium in cattle aimed to verify the immune response by both the cervical comparative test and the evolution of the specific production of gamma-interferon, and also to identify interference of unspecified reactions by M. avium on the test results. The results support that the experimental animals started a response of delayed hypersensitivity to the inactivated bacilli, and that both diagnostic tests for bovine tuberculosis were efficient for the identification of animals sensitized with M. bovis and for discrimination of reactions generated by inoculation of cattle with M. avium.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Almeida M.B., Tortelli F.P., Riet-Correa B., Ferreira J.L.M., Soares M.P., Farias N.A.R., Riet-Correa F. & Schild A.L. 2006. [Tick fever in southern Brazil: a retrospective study of 1978-2005.] Tristeza parasitária bovina na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul: estudo retrospectivo de 1978-2005. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(4):236-242. Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil. E-mail: alschild@terra.com.br A retrospective study of tick fever was made, which occurred from 1978-2005 in southern Rio Grande do Sul in the influence area of the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory of the Federal University of Pelotas. From 4,884 cattle specimens, sent by practitioners or which were from necropsies performed at the Diagnostic Laboratory, 231 (4.7%) were diagnosed as tick fever. Data from 221 of those outbreaks were analyzed. Ninety one (41.1%) outbreaks were caused by Babesia bovis, 11 (4.9%) by Babesia bigemina, and 65 (29.41%) by Anaplasma marginale. In other 33 (14.93%) outbreaks of babesiosis there is no information if the disease was caused by B. bovis or B. bigemina, and 21 (9.5%) outbreaks were caused by mixed infection of A. marginale and B. bovis or B. bigemina. Mean morbidity, mortality, and letality rates in 149 outbreaks were 11.17%, 6.81%, and 70.04%, respectively. Most outbreaks occurred during summer (January-March) and autumn (April-June), mainly in 1 to 3-year-old cattle. Clinical signs were depression, weakness, fallen ears, fever, and weight loss. Low packed cell volume values were always found. Hemoglobinury was observed in babesiosis. Neurological signs characterized by gait alterations, muscular tremors, aggressiveness and falling down with tonic and clonic convulsions were observed in babesiosis by B. bovis. The main gross lesions were anemia, jaundice, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, yellow liver and cardiac hemorrhages. Hemoglobinury was observed in babesiosis, and congestion of the cerebral cortex in babesiosis by B. bovis. It is concluded that B. bovis is the main agent causing thick fever in southern Rio Grande do Sul. In that region with a cattle population of 2,630,000 heads the annual losses due to tick fever can be estimated in 6,220 cattle or US$ 1,623,000.00. Preventive measures to diminish tick fever losses in the region are necessary.

• Parasitic diseases tick fever epidemiology Babesia bovis Babesia bigemina Anaplasma marginale

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Almeida M.B., Tortelli F.P., Riet-Correa B., Ferreira J.L.M., Soares M.P., Farias N.A.R., Riet-Correa F. & Schild A.L. 2006. [Tick fever in southern Brazil: a retrospective study of 1978-2005.] Tristeza parasitária bovina na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul: estudo retrospectivo de 1978-2005. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(4):236-242. Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil. E-mail: alschild@terra.com.br A retrospective study of tick fever was made, which occurred from 1978-2005 in southern Rio Grande do Sul in the influence area of the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory of the Federal University of Pelotas. From 4,884 cattle specimens, sent by practitioners or which were from necropsies performed at the Diagnostic Laboratory, 231 (4.7%) were diagnosed as tick fever. Data from 221 of those outbreaks were analyzed. Ninety one (41.1%) outbreaks were caused by Babesia bovis, 11 (4.9%) by Babesia bigemina, and 65 (29.41%) by Anaplasma marginale. In other 33 (14.93%) outbreaks of babesiosis there is no information if the disease was caused by B. bovis or B. bigemina, and 21 (9.5%) outbreaks were caused by mixed infection of A. marginale and B. bovis or B. bigemina. Mean morbidity, mortality, and letality rates in 149 outbreaks were 11.17%, 6.81%, and 70.04%, respectively. Most outbreaks occurred during summer (January-March) and autumn (April-June), mainly in 1 to 3-year-old cattle. Clinical signs were depression, weakness, fallen ears, fever, and weight loss. Low packed cell volume values were always found. Hemoglobinury was observed in babesiosis. Neurological signs characterized by gait alterations, muscular tremors, aggressiveness and falling down with tonic and clonic convulsions were observed in babesiosis by B. bovis. The main gross lesions were anemia, jaundice, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, yellow liver and cardiac hemorrhages. Hemoglobinury was observed in babesiosis, and congestion of the cerebral cortex in babesiosis by B. bovis. It is concluded that B. bovis is the main agent causing thick fever in southern Rio Grande do Sul. In that region with a cattle population of 2,630,000 heads the annual losses due to tick fever can be estimated in 6,220 cattle or US$ 1,623,000.00. Preventive measures to diminish tick fever losses in the region are necessary.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Schild A.L., Sallis E.S.V., Priebe A.P., Soares M.P., Almeida M.B., Ladeira S.R.L., Schramm R. & Riet-Correa F. 2006. Anthrax in cattle in southern Brazil: 1978-2006. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(4):243-248. Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, Univer-sidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil. E-mail: alschild@terra.com.br Ten outbreaks of anthrax occurred in cattle from 1978 to 2006 in southern Brazil, in 5 municipalities on the border with Uruguay, a country where the disease is frequent. The 10 outbreaks represented 0.2% of all bovine specimens received during the period by the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory of the Federal University of Pelotas, causing 267 deaths in a risk population of 6,605 head. The disease affected young and adult cattle mainly during summer. Only one farmer reported that sheep and horses were also affected. Clinically the peracute form was more frequent, but in some outbreaks the acute form with a clinical manifestation period of 6-48 hours was also observed. The source of infection was not established; but the reduced rainfall, associated with low, flat, flooded lands used for agriculture followed by animal grazing after harvest was probably related to the disease occurrence. Annual vaccination is an efficient way to prevent the disease.

• Anthrax Bacillus anthracis infectious disease disease of cattle

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Schild A.L., Sallis E.S.V., Priebe A.P., Soares M.P., Almeida M.B., Ladeira S.R.L., Schramm R. & Riet-Correa F. 2006. Anthrax in cattle in southern Brazil: 1978-2006. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(4):243-248. Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, Univer-sidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil. E-mail: alschild@terra.com.br Ten outbreaks of anthrax occurred in cattle from 1978 to 2006 in southern Brazil, in 5 municipalities on the border with Uruguay, a country where the disease is frequent. The 10 outbreaks represented 0.2% of all bovine specimens received during the period by the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory of the Federal University of Pelotas, causing 267 deaths in a risk population of 6,605 head. The disease affected young and adult cattle mainly during summer. Only one farmer reported that sheep and horses were also affected. Clinically the peracute form was more frequent, but in some outbreaks the acute form with a clinical manifestation period of 6-48 hours was also observed. The source of infection was not established; but the reduced rainfall, associated with low, flat, flooded lands used for agriculture followed by animal grazing after harvest was probably related to the disease occurrence. Annual vaccination is an efficient way to prevent the disease.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Almeida A.P.M.G., Kommers G.D., Nogueira A.P.A., Júnior L.G.B., Marques B.M.F.P. & Lemos R.A.A. 2006. [Evaluation of the toxicity of Leucaena leucocephala (Leg. Mimosoi-deae) in sheep.] Avaliação do efeito tóxico de Leucaena leucocephala (Leg.Mimosoideae) em ovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(3):190-194. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Vetetinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller 2443, Cx.Postal 549, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil. E-mail: eqrural@nin.ufms.br An experiment was performed to evaluate the toxicity of Leucaena leucocephala for sheep. Two ewes and six lambs were divided into seven treatments and fed the plant. The adult ewes did not show clinical signs of poisoning. The 4 to 5-month-old lambs presented partial wool loss 6 days after beginning of the administration of the plant and total wool loss after 12 or 20 days. The age of the sheep in this experiment suggests resistance of adult ewes and susceptibility of young lambs to L. leucocaephala poisoning.

• Poisonous plants Leucaena leucocephala Leguminosae Mimosoideae plant poisoning sheep diseases pathology

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Almeida A.P.M.G., Kommers G.D., Nogueira A.P.A., Júnior L.G.B., Marques B.M.F.P. & Lemos R.A.A. 2006. [Evaluation of the toxicity of Leucaena leucocephala (Leg. Mimosoi-deae) in sheep.] Avaliação do efeito tóxico de Leucaena leucocephala (Leg.Mimosoideae) em ovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(3):190-194. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Vetetinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller 2443, Cx.Postal 549, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil. E-mail: eqrural@nin.ufms.br An experiment was performed to evaluate the toxicity of Leucaena leucocephala for sheep. Two ewes and six lambs were divided into seven treatments and fed the plant. The adult ewes did not show clinical signs of poisoning. The 4 to 5-month-old lambs presented partial wool loss 6 days after beginning of the administration of the plant and total wool loss after 12 or 20 days. The age of the sheep in this experiment suggests resistance of adult ewes and susceptibility of young lambs to L. leucocaephala poisoning.

Abstract in English:

Miranda Neto E.G., Afonso J.A.B., Mendonça C.L. & Almeida M.Z.P.R.B. 2005. [Clinical study and characteristics of the ruminal fluid of goats in experimentally induced lactic acidosis.] Estudo clínico e características do suco ruminal de caprinos com acidose láctica induzida experimentalmente. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(2):73-78. Clinica de Bovinos, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Cx. Postal 152, Garanhuns, PE 55292-901, Brazil. E-mail: eldinemneto@hotmail.com The objective was to study the effects of ruminal lactic acidosis in goats, induced experimentally, on the clinical manifestations, the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of the ruminal fluid. Ten 1 to 2 year old male goats, cross bred (SRD), with 25 kg body weight, in good health condition and housed in a stall, were rumen-fistulated. After establishing normal pattern for the variables studied, the acidosis was induced with the administration of 15g sucrose/kg body weight. Clinical and laboratorial observations were accomplished at intervals of 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hours, after the induction (PI). Already 4 hours PI the animals showed clinical signs of apathy, anorexia, increased heart frequency, ruminal atony, abdominal distention and diarrhea. The characteristics of the ruminal fluid suffered alterations, as reduction of the pH (below 5.0), and its color became a milky aspect, acid smell and aqueous consistency. The time of sedimentation activity (TAS) was reduced and the dynamics of the fauna and flora were committed, with the prevalence of Gram-positive bacteria. At the end of the observation period the analyzed variables were not yet fully re-established in some animals.

• Ruminal lactic acidosis goats ruminants.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Miranda Neto E.G., Afonso J.A.B., Mendonça C.L. & Almeida M.Z.P.R.B. 2005. [Clinical study and characteristics of the ruminal fluid of goats in experimentally induced lactic acidosis.] Estudo clínico e características do suco ruminal de caprinos com acidose láctica induzida experimentalmente. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(2):73-78. Clinica de Bovinos, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Cx. Postal 152, Garanhuns, PE 55292-901, Brazil. E-mail: eldinemneto@hotmail.com The objective was to study the effects of ruminal lactic acidosis in goats, induced experimentally, on the clinical manifestations, the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of the ruminal fluid. Ten 1 to 2 year old male goats, cross bred (SRD), with 25 kg body weight, in good health condition and housed in a stall, were rumen-fistulated. After establishing normal pattern for the variables studied, the acidosis was induced with the administration of 15g sucrose/kg body weight. Clinical and laboratorial observations were accomplished at intervals of 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hours, after the induction (PI). Already 4 hours PI the animals showed clinical signs of apathy, anorexia, increased heart frequency, ruminal atony, abdominal distention and diarrhea. The characteristics of the ruminal fluid suffered alterations, as reduction of the pH (below 5.0), and its color became a milky aspect, acid smell and aqueous consistency. The time of sedimentation activity (TAS) was reduced and the dynamics of the fauna and flora were committed, with the prevalence of Gram-positive bacteria. At the end of the observation period the analyzed variables were not yet fully re-established in some animals.

Abstract in English:

Lima E.S.C., Pinto P.S.A., Santos J.L., Vanetti M.C.D., Bevilacqua P.D., Almeida L.P., Pinto M.S. & Dias F.S. 2004. [Isolation of Salmonella sp and Staphylococcus aureus at swine slaughtering as subsidy for HACCP, the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point system.] Isolamento de Salmonella sp e Staphylococcus aureus no processo do abate suíno como subsídio ao sistema de Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle - APPCC. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(4):185-190. Depto Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36571-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. E-mail: pintopsa@ufv.br This study was done to evaluate the superficial contamination of swine carcasses by Salmonella sp and Staphylococcus aureus, the identification of microbiological hazards in different segments of the processing line, and critical control points (CCPs), through the quantification of risks. A total of 120 surface swabbing carcasses were collected in a slaughterhouse: after the scalding/dehairing (point A), before evisceration (B), after evisceration and splitting (C), and after 24 hours of refrigeration (D). Salmonella sp and S. aureus were isolated from 14 (11.7%) carcasses. No statistical difference between the points studied was observed. The number of S. aureus isolated was between 1.2 and 1.5 log UFC/cm2. It was concluded that the risks observed were the same for both microorganisms.

• Salmonella sp Staphylococcus aureus swine carcass slaughterhouse HACCP.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Lima E.S.C., Pinto P.S.A., Santos J.L., Vanetti M.C.D., Bevilacqua P.D., Almeida L.P., Pinto M.S. & Dias F.S. 2004. [Isolation of Salmonella sp and Staphylococcus aureus at swine slaughtering as subsidy for HACCP, the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point system.] Isolamento de Salmonella sp e Staphylococcus aureus no processo do abate suíno como subsídio ao sistema de Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle - APPCC. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(4):185-190. Depto Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36571-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. E-mail: pintopsa@ufv.br This study was done to evaluate the superficial contamination of swine carcasses by Salmonella sp and Staphylococcus aureus, the identification of microbiological hazards in different segments of the processing line, and critical control points (CCPs), through the quantification of risks. A total of 120 surface swabbing carcasses were collected in a slaughterhouse: after the scalding/dehairing (point A), before evisceration (B), after evisceration and splitting (C), and after 24 hours of refrigeration (D). Salmonella sp and S. aureus were isolated from 14 (11.7%) carcasses. No statistical difference between the points studied was observed. The number of S. aureus isolated was between 1.2 and 1.5 log UFC/cm2. It was concluded that the risks observed were the same for both microorganisms.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Souza V.F, Melo S.V., Esteves P.A., Schmidt C.S.R., Gonçalves D.A., Schaefer R., Silva T.C., Almeida R.S., Vicentini F., Franco A.C., Oliveira E.A., Spilki F.R., Weiblen R., Flores E.F., Lemos R.A., Alfieri A.A., Pituco E.M. & Roehe P.M. 2002. [Monoclonal antibody characterization of bovine herpesviruses types 1 (BHV-1) and 5 (BHV-5).] Caracterização de herpesvírus bovinos tipos 1 (BHV-1) e 5 (BHV-5) com anticorpos monoclonais. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 22(1):13-18,-Depto Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, and Centro de Pesquisas Universitárias Desidério Finamor, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS 90001-970, Brazíl. E-mail: proehe@vottex.ufrgs.br The antigenic profile of 45 herpesviruses (44 viruses from cattle, including six reference BHV-1 strains and 15 putative BHV-1; three reference BHV-5 strains and 20 putative BHV-5) and one butfalo isolate (BuHV) were examined with a panei of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) prepared against bovine herpesvirus antigens. Tests were performed by immunoperoxidase (IPX) on infected cell cultures, with the Mabs as primary antibodies. lmmunostaining allowed the differentiation between types 1 and 5 viruses. Ali isolates from cases of encephalitis displayed BHV-5 profiles. Four BHV-5 isolates obtained from geographically distinct áreas displayed different and highly variable IPX patterns of reactivity. Two viruses with BHV-5 antigenic profile were isolated from semen of asymptomatic bulis. The results showed that the antigenic characterization with the Mab panei employed here is useful for typing BHV-1 and BHV-5 isolates.

• Bovine herpesvirus BHV-1 BHV-5 monoclonal antibodies immunoperoxidase Herpesvírus bovino 1 herpesvírus bovino 5 anticorpos monoclonais imunoperoxidase.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Souza V.F, Melo S.V., Esteves P.A., Schmidt C.S.R., Gonçalves D.A., Schaefer R., Silva T.C., Almeida R.S., Vicentini F., Franco A.C., Oliveira E.A., Spilki F.R., Weiblen R., Flores E.F., Lemos R.A., Alfieri A.A., Pituco E.M. & Roehe P.M. 2002. [Monoclonal antibody characterization of bovine herpesviruses types 1 (BHV-1) and 5 (BHV-5).] Caracterização de herpesvírus bovinos tipos 1 (BHV-1) e 5 (BHV-5) com anticorpos monoclonais. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 22(1):13-18,-Depto Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, and Centro de Pesquisas Universitárias Desidério Finamor, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS 90001-970, Brazíl. E-mail: proehe@vottex.ufrgs.br O perfil antigénico de 45 herpesvírus (44 de bovinos, sendo seis amostras de referência de BHV-1 e 15 prováveis BHV-1; três amostras de referência de BHV-5 e 20 prováveis BHV-5) e uma amostra de herpesvírus bubalino (BuHV) foi examinado com um painel de anticorpos monoclonais (Acms) produzidos contra antígenos de herpesvírus bovinos. Para os exames, foi utilizada a prova de imunoperoxidase (IPX) sobre cultivas de células infectadas, tendo os Acms como anticorpos primários. A determinação dos padrões de reatividade das amostras de vírus frente aos Acms permitiu a diferenciação entre os tipos 1 e 5. Todas as amostras isoladas de casos de encefalite apresentaram perfil de BHV-5. Quatro amostras de BHV-5 isoladas de áreas geograficamente distintas apresentaram perfis de reatividade diferenciados em relação às demais amostras do tipo 5. Duas amostras de vírus com perfil antigénico de BHV-5 foram isoladas de sêmen de animais infectados. Estes resultados comprovam a utilidade da caracterização antigénica com este painel de Acms na tipagem de amostras de BHV-1 e BHV-5.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Leal T.C.A., Leal N.C. & Almeida A.M.P. 1997. [Genetic markers of pathogenicity in Yersinia enterocolitica 0:3 isolated from healthy pigs from Rio de Janeiro.] Marcadores de patogenicidade em Yersinia enterocolitica 0:3 isoladas de suínos do Rio de Janeiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 17(1):19-24. Depto Microbiologia, CPqAM-FIOCRUZ-MS, Cx. Postal 7472, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-420, Brazil. Sixteen Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:3 strains, isolated from pigs from Rio de Janeiro, have been analyzed for genetic and phenotypic markers of pathogenicity. lt was observed that only 6 strains harbored the p YV ( + 70 kb) plasmid and one strain harbored a small cryptic plasmid of about 8.6 kb. Accordingly only strains harboring pYV were calcium dependent in the MOX medium at 37°C. Twelve strains showed pesticin sensitivity and the esculin reaction was negative in 13 strains. PCR analysis of pathogenicity genes using specific primers showed the presence of the ail gene in 14 strains, the irp2 gene in one and the psaA in none. Most of the strains were resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin, although they were susceptible to sulfazotrin and cefoxitin. For chloramphenicol, tetracycline, kanamycin, gentamicin and nalidixic acid the results varied among the strains.

• Yersinia enterocolitica swine genetic markers pathogenicity suínos marcadores genéticos patogenicidade.

Abstract in Portuguese:

SINOPSE.- Leal T.C.A., Leal N.C. & Almeida A.M.P. 1997. [Genetic markers of pathogenicity in Yersinia enterocolitica 0:3 isolated from healthy pigs from Rio de Janeiro.] Marcadores de patogenicidade em Yersinia enterocolitica 0:3 isoladas de suínos do Rio de Janeiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 17(1):19-24. Depto Microbiologia, CPqAM-FIOCRUZ-MS, Cx. Postal 7472, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-420, Brazil. Foi realizada a caracterização genotípica e fenotípica de fatores de patogenicidade em 16 amostras de Yersinia enterocolitica 0:3 isoladas de suínos sadios do Rio de Janeiro. Foi observado que apenas 6 cepas possuíam o plasmídio de virulência, pYV ( + 70 kb) e apresentavam dependência ao cálcio no meio MOX a 37°C. Um plasmídio críptico de cerca de 8,6 kb foi encontrado em uma cepa. Doze cepas revelaram sensibilidade à pesticina enquanto que apenas três se revelaram capazes de hidrolisar a esculina. Através de PCR com "primers" específicos, foi constatada a presença dos genes ail em 14 cepas, irp2, em 1 cepa e a ausência de psaA em todas as cepas analisadas. Quanto aos quimioterápicos, a quase totalidade das cepas mostrou-se ao mesmo tempo resistente à ampicilina e carbenicilina e sensível ao sulfazotrin e à cefoxitina. As respostas foram variadas frente ao cloranfenicol, tetraciclina, kanamicina, gentamicina e ácido nalidíxo.

Abstract in English:

In order to investigate epidemiological and clinical aspects of beef cattle mortalities caused by botulism, a syndrome popularly known as "doença da vaca caída", studies were carried out in 32 naturally affected 4 to 9 year old cows, 27 belonging to the Nellore breed and 5 to crossbred Nellore, all from 27 farms located in municipalities near Botucatu, State of São Paulo. The epidemiological anel clinical features were based, respectively, on the farm and herd managements, and on the general physical examination of the cows. Mouse bioassay anel complement microfixation tests were performed to detect the presence of botulinum toxins in liver samples. The results showed that the disease occurs in beef cattle of range breeding systems, reared under inadequate mineral nutrition and deficient health management. Pregnant and milking cows represented the group at risk, anel the incidence was higher during the rainy season (December to March), with morbidity and mortality rates of 3,2 ± 3,6%. Clinical examination revealed cows with no alterations of vital signs, behavior, visual and auditory acuities and skin sensation; but revealed ruminai hypomotility, anorexia, dehydration, flaccid para or tetraparesis with permanent recumbency, and a paretic or paralytic tongue. The diagnosis of botulism, involving type C and D toxins, was consistent with the epidemiological and clinical findings.

• Cattle epizootic botulism epidemiology clinical signs

Abstract in Portuguese:

Com o objetivo de verificar aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos da mortalidade de vacas de corte causada pelo botulismo, popularmente conhecida como "doença da vaca caída", estudaram-se 32 vacas (27 da raça Nelore e 5 mestiças), entre 4 e 9 anos de idade, naturalmente acometidas, e pertencentes a 27 propriedades rurais distintas, localizadas em 17 municípios próximos a Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo. As caracterizações da epidemiologia e do conjunto de sintomas basearam-se, respectivamente, no histórico dos rebanhos acometidos e no exame clínico das vacas estudadas, com análise estatística descritiva. Empregaram-se as provas de inoculação em camundongos e de microfixação de complemento para a detecção de toxinas botulínicas em amostras de fígado colhidas durante a necropsia dos animais. Os resultados apontaram a ocorrência da doença em rebanhos de corte, explorados extensivamente, com manejas de suplementação mineral e sanitário inadequados. A incidência foi maior de dezembro a março, em vacas prenhes ou lactantes, com coeficientes de morbidade e mortalidade de 3,2 ± 3,6%. Clinicamente observaram-se funções vitais, comportamento, visão, audição e sensibilidade cutânea normais, porém hipotonia ruminal, anorexia, desidratação, para ou. tetraparesia flácidas com decúbito permanente e diminuição ou ausência do tônus da língua. O diagnóstico de botulismo, com envolvimento das toxinas tipos C e D, foi coerente com as observações epidemiológicas e clínicas.

• Bovinos botulismo epizoótico epidemiologia sintomas