PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

BSTRACT.- Reis A.B., Sant’Ana D.M.G., Azevedo J.F., Merlini L.S. & Araújo E.J.A. 2009. [The influence of the aquatic environment in tanks sequetially interconnected with PVC pipes on the gill epithelium and lamellas of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).] Alterações do epitélio branquial e das lamelas de tilápias (Oreochromis niloticus) causadas por mudanças do ambiente aquático em tanques de cultivo intensivo. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(4):303-311. Laboratório de Neurogastroenterologia Experimental, Universidade Paranaense, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes 4286, Umuarama, PR 87502-210, Brazil. E-mail: eduardoaraujo@unipar.br The behavior of the gill epithelium of tilapias cultured in tanks at different altitudes and interconnected with PVC pipes was analyzed. Gill filaments of four specimens from four tanks (T1, T2, T3 e T4) sequentially interconnected were submitted to histological routine to obtain 5-mm-thick cuts that were stained with HE or submitted to histochemistry reactions PAS + diastase solution or Alcian Blue pH 2.5 or Alcian Blue pH 1.0. Considering the intermediary, apical and basal regions of the filaments, the lamellar area was measured and the amount of mucous cells was counted. It was verified that oxygen, pH, and temperature decreased progressively as the water flew from one tank to another. Thus, an increase was realized of the amount of mucous cells and the lamellar area in T2, as well as a progressive decrease of these measures on the tanks which received water from T2. Moreover, detachment of the gill epithelium, cellular hyperplasia in the interlamellar space, and telangectasias were observed in the fishes from T2, T3 e T4. It was concluded that the aquatic environment in tanks sequentially interconnected with PVC pipes suffers alterations from one tank to another, as that physico-chemical fluctuations reflect on the behavior of the gill epithelium through variations of the lamellar area and the amount of mucous cells.

• Nile tilapia intensive culture system gill; morphometry mucous cells secundary lamellar cells

Abstract in Portuguese:

BSTRACT.- Reis A.B., Sant’Ana D.M.G., Azevedo J.F., Merlini L.S. & Araújo E.J.A. 2009. [The influence of the aquatic environment in tanks sequetially interconnected with PVC pipes on the gill epithelium and lamellas of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).] Alterações do epitélio branquial e das lamelas de tilápias (Oreochromis niloticus) causadas por mudanças do ambiente aquático em tanques de cultivo intensivo. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(4):303-311. Laboratório de Neurogastroenterologia Experimental, Universidade Paranaense, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes 4286, Umuarama, PR 87502-210, Brazil. E-mail: eduardoaraujo@unipar.br The behavior of the gill epithelium of tilapias cultured in tanks at different altitudes and interconnected with PVC pipes was analyzed. Gill filaments of four specimens from four tanks (T1, T2, T3 e T4) sequentially interconnected were submitted to histological routine to obtain 5-mm-thick cuts that were stained with HE or submitted to histochemistry reactions PAS + diastase solution or Alcian Blue pH 2.5 or Alcian Blue pH 1.0. Considering the intermediary, apical and basal regions of the filaments, the lamellar area was measured and the amount of mucous cells was counted. It was verified that oxygen, pH, and temperature decreased progressively as the water flew from one tank to another. Thus, an increase was realized of the amount of mucous cells and the lamellar area in T2, as well as a progressive decrease of these measures on the tanks which received water from T2. Moreover, detachment of the gill epithelium, cellular hyperplasia in the interlamellar space, and telangectasias were observed in the fishes from T2, T3 e T4. It was concluded that the aquatic environment in tanks sequentially interconnected with PVC pipes suffers alterations from one tank to another, as that physico-chemical fluctuations reflect on the behavior of the gill epithelium through variations of the lamellar area and the amount of mucous cells.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Bezerra Jr P.S., Santos A.S., Bandarra P.M., Pedroso P.M.O., Pavarini, S.P., Spanamberg A., Ferreiro L. & Driemeier D. 2009. [Experimental poisoning by Aspergillus clavatus in sheep.] Intoxicação experimental por Aspergillus clavatus em ovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(3):205-210. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br This paper describes the experimental reproduction of a neurological condition in sheep by the administration of a beer by-product contaminated with Aspergillus clavatus. Samples of this by-product, in which pure cultures of A. clavatus grew, originated from two farms where outbreaks of A. clavatus poisoning in cattle had occurred. The onset of symptomatology was 2 to 6 days after dosage with the contaminated beer by-product or pure A. clavatus culture. The clinical course lasted from one and a half to 12 days. Clinical signs were predominantly of locomotor and respiratory nature and included muscle tremors, hyperesthesia, and progressive tachypnea, rigidity of the pelvic limbs, posterior weakness, and recumbency. One sheep also showed occasional knuckling of fetlocks of the hind limbs. Gait abnormalities and tremors were more pronounced after exercise. In 6 of 7 sheep, appetite and dypsia were maintained until close to death or euthanasia. The main histological findings consisted of chromatolytic neuronal degeneration and necrosis in selected nuclei of the brain stem, the ventral horn of the spinal cord and the spinal, trigeminal, stellate and celiac ganglions. Three sheep also presented slight degenerative and necrotic changes in muscles of the pelvic and thoracic limbs.

• Aspergillus clavatus sheep beer by-product poisoning neuronal chromatolysis

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Bezerra Jr P.S., Santos A.S., Bandarra P.M., Pedroso P.M.O., Pavarini, S.P., Spanamberg A., Ferreiro L. & Driemeier D. 2009. [Experimental poisoning by Aspergillus clavatus in sheep.] Intoxicação experimental por Aspergillus clavatus em ovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(3):205-210. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br This paper describes the experimental reproduction of a neurological condition in sheep by the administration of a beer by-product contaminated with Aspergillus clavatus. Samples of this by-product, in which pure cultures of A. clavatus grew, originated from two farms where outbreaks of A. clavatus poisoning in cattle had occurred. The onset of symptomatology was 2 to 6 days after dosage with the contaminated beer by-product or pure A. clavatus culture. The clinical course lasted from one and a half to 12 days. Clinical signs were predominantly of locomotor and respiratory nature and included muscle tremors, hyperesthesia, and progressive tachypnea, rigidity of the pelvic limbs, posterior weakness, and recumbency. One sheep also showed occasional knuckling of fetlocks of the hind limbs. Gait abnormalities and tremors were more pronounced after exercise. In 6 of 7 sheep, appetite and dypsia were maintained until close to death or euthanasia. The main histological findings consisted of chromatolytic neuronal degeneration and necrosis in selected nuclei of the brain stem, the ventral horn of the spinal cord and the spinal, trigeminal, stellate and celiac ganglions. Three sheep also presented slight degenerative and necrotic changes in muscles of the pelvic and thoracic limbs.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Bezerra Jr P.S., Raymundo D.L., Spanamberg A., Corrêa A.M.R., Bangel Jr J.J., Ferreiro L. & Driemeier D. 2009. [Neurotoxicosis in cattle associated with consumption of beer residues contaminated with Aspergillus clavatus.] Neurotoxicose em bovinos associada ao consumo de bagaço de malte contaminado por Aspergillus clavatus. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(3):220-228. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: bezerraj@ufla.br Two outbreaks of a neurological disease affecting herds of dairy cattle that were fed moldy beer residues contaminated with Aspergillus clavatus in the county of Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, are described. The morbidity of both outbreaks was 30% and the lethality 50% and 100%. The clinical course varied from 5 to 64 days. Only one of the animals that recovered from the disease remained with slight locomotor sequels. Clinical signs were predominantly locomotor and included muscle tremors of varied intensity, hyperesthesia and progressive posterior ataxia, paresis and paralysis with knuckling of fetlocks of the hind limbs. Gait abnormalities were more pronounced after exercises which in general led to falling down. There was also reduced milk production, but appetite and water intake were maintained until close to death or euthanasia. From five cattle necropsied, two showed macroscopic lesions characterized by necrotic changes and mineralization in pelvic muscles and thoracic limbs. The main histological findings consisted of chromatolytic neuronal degeneration and necrosis in selected nuclei of the brain stem, the ventral horn of the spinal cord, and of the trigeminal, stellate celiac and spinal ganglions. In two cattle there was wallerian degeneration in dorsal funiculi of the spinal cord and ischiadic and fibular nerves. The diagnosis was based on epidemiological data, clinical signs, necropsy findings, histological lesions and mycological examination. Epidemiologic, clinical and pathologic aspects, pathogenetic mechanisms and differential diagnoses are discussed.

• Aspergillus clavatus cattle beer residues neurotoxicosis chromatolysis neuronal

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Bezerra Jr P.S., Raymundo D.L., Spanamberg A., Corrêa A.M.R., Bangel Jr J.J., Ferreiro L. & Driemeier D. 2009. [Neurotoxicosis in cattle associated with consumption of beer residues contaminated with Aspergillus clavatus.] Neurotoxicose em bovinos associada ao consumo de bagaço de malte contaminado por Aspergillus clavatus. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(3):220-228. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: bezerraj@ufla.br Two outbreaks of a neurological disease affecting herds of dairy cattle that were fed moldy beer residues contaminated with Aspergillus clavatus in the county of Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, are described. The morbidity of both outbreaks was 30% and the lethality 50% and 100%. The clinical course varied from 5 to 64 days. Only one of the animals that recovered from the disease remained with slight locomotor sequels. Clinical signs were predominantly locomotor and included muscle tremors of varied intensity, hyperesthesia and progressive posterior ataxia, paresis and paralysis with knuckling of fetlocks of the hind limbs. Gait abnormalities were more pronounced after exercises which in general led to falling down. There was also reduced milk production, but appetite and water intake were maintained until close to death or euthanasia. From five cattle necropsied, two showed macroscopic lesions characterized by necrotic changes and mineralization in pelvic muscles and thoracic limbs. The main histological findings consisted of chromatolytic neuronal degeneration and necrosis in selected nuclei of the brain stem, the ventral horn of the spinal cord, and of the trigeminal, stellate celiac and spinal ganglions. In two cattle there was wallerian degeneration in dorsal funiculi of the spinal cord and ischiadic and fibular nerves. The diagnosis was based on epidemiological data, clinical signs, necropsy findings, histological lesions and mycological examination. Epidemiologic, clinical and pathologic aspects, pathogenetic mechanisms and differential diagnoses are discussed.

Abstract in English:

Abstract.- Figueiredo-Fernandes A., Ferreira-Cardoso J.V., Garcia-Santos S., Monteiro S.M., Carrola J., Matos P. & Fontaínhas-Fernandes A. 2007. Histopathological changes in liver and gill epithelium of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, exposed to waterborne copper. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(3):103-109. University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Center of Studies on Technological of Environmental and Life Sciences (CETAV), Apartado 1013, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal. E-mail: fontain@utad.pt Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, of both sexes were reared in freshwater and exposed to 0.5, 1.0 and 2.5mg L-1 of waterborne copper for a period of 21 days. Liver and gill samples were collected after 21 days of exposure to copper and lesions were analyzed by light microscopy. The main histopathological changes observed in gills exposed to the highest concentration were edema, lifting of lamellar epithelia and an intense vasodilatation of the lamellar vascular axis. Although less frequent, lamellar fusion caused by the filamentar epithelium proliferation and some lamellar aneurisms were also found. The liver of control group exhibited a quite normal architecture, while the fish exposed to copper showed vacuolation and necrosis. These hepatic alterations were more evident in fish exposed to 1.0 and 2.5mg L-1 copper concentrations. The number of hepatocytes nucleus per mm2 of hepatic tissue decreased with the increase of copper concentration. In contrast, the hepatic somatic index was high in fish exposed at 2.5mg L-1 of copper. In short, this work advance new knowledge as influence of copper in the gill and liver histology of O. niloticus and demonstrated that their effects could be observed at different concentrations.

• Copper gill liver histopathological changes Oreochromis niloticus Teleostei

Abstract in Portuguese:

Abstract.- Figueiredo-Fernandes A., Ferreira-Cardoso J.V., Garcia-Santos S., Monteiro S.M., Carrola J., Matos P. & Fontaínhas-Fernandes A. 2007. Histopathological changes in liver and gill epithelium of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, exposed to waterborne copper. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(3):103-109. University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Center of Studies on Technological of Environmental and Life Sciences (CETAV), Apartado 1013, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal. E-mail: fontain@utad.pt Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, of both sexes were reared in freshwater and exposed to 0.5, 1.0 and 2.5mg L-1 of waterborne copper for a period of 21 days. Liver and gill samples were collected after 21 days of exposure to copper and lesions were analyzed by light microscopy. The main histopathological changes observed in gills exposed to the highest concentration were edema, lifting of lamellar epithelia and an intense vasodilatation of the lamellar vascular axis. Although less frequent, lamellar fusion caused by the filamentar epithelium proliferation and some lamellar aneurisms were also found. The liver of control group exhibited a quite normal architecture, while the fish exposed to copper showed vacuolation and necrosis. These hepatic alterations were more evident in fish exposed to 1.0 and 2.5mg L-1 copper concentrations. The number of hepatocytes nucleus per mm2 of hepatic tissue decreased with the increase of copper concentration. In contrast, the hepatic somatic index was high in fish exposed at 2.5mg L-1 of copper. In short, this work advance new knowledge as influence of copper in the gill and liver histology of O. niloticus and demonstrated that their effects could be observed at different concentrations.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Corbellini L.G., Pescador C.A., Frantz F.J., Lima M., Ferreiro L. & Driemeier D. 2003. [Abortus by Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger in cattle in southern Brazil.] Aborto por Aspergillusfumigatus eAspergillus niger em bovinos no sul do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 23(2):82-86. Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail:davetpat@vortex.ufrgs.br Mycotic infection has worldwide distribution and may cause placentitis and abortion in almost ali domestic animais. From September 2001 through November 2002 specimens from 147 aborted bovine fetuses along with 34 placentas were submitted to the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, to investigate infectious causes of abortion in southern Brazil. Mycotic abortion was diagnosed in five cases (3.4%). Aspergilfus fumigatus was isolated from four cases and A. niger from one. Virological, bacteriological and direct immunofluorescent antibody tests for Leptospira sp were negative in those cases where Aspergillus sp was cultured. The gestational age of those fetuses ranged from 5 to 8 months. Macroscopic lesions were observed in four cases. One had several Nodular lesions disseminated throughout the liver, two had skin lesions characterized by white-grayish round plaques mostly on the head and neck, and thickened cotyledons in two placentas sent with those fetuses. The histological lesions were observed in the liver, lungs and placenta and consisted primary of necrotizing hepatitis, suppurative bronchopneumonia of varying degrees and necrotizing placentitis. With the use of Grocott's methenamine-silver staining, septate hyphae could be observed in three cases, surrounding necrotizing lesions in the tiver of one fetus and in two placentas. In two cases hyphae were observed in placenta) tissues and not in fetal tissues, indicating the importance of the placenta in diagnosing mycotic abortion in cattle.

• Bovine abortion mycotic abortion Aspergillus spp. Aborto bovino aborto micótico

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Corbellini L.G., Pescador C.A., Frantz F.J., Lima M., Ferreiro L. & Driemeier D. 2003. [Abortus by Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger in cattle in southern Brazil.] Aborto por Aspergillusfumigatus eAspergillus niger em bovinos no sul do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 23(2):82-86. Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail:davetpat@vortex.ufrgs.br As infecções micóticas apresentam distribuição mundial e podem causar placentite e aborto em diversas espécies de animais. Entre setembro 2001 e novembro 2002, foram processados no Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 147 fetos bovinos abortados com o objetivo de avaliar as principais causas de aborto infeccioso bovino no sul do Brasil. Destes, 34 estavam acompanhados da placenta. Aborto micótico foi diagnosticado em cinco casos (3,4%) mediante cultivo puro de quatro amostras de Aspergillus fumigatus e uma de A. niger associado a lesões histológicas características de fungo. Os exames virológico, bacteriológico e imunofluorescência direta para Leptospira sp foram negativos nestes casos. A idade dos fetos variava entre 5 e 8 meses de idade. Lesões macroscópicas foram observadas em quatro casos e eram caracterizadas por áreas circulares multifocais branco-acinzentadas na pele, principalmente na região da cabeça e dorso, em dois fetos, lesões nodulares no fígado em um caso e espessamento dos cotilédones em duas placentas enviadas juntamente com os fetos. Lesões histológicas foram observadas principalmente no fígado, pulmão e placenta, caracterizadas por hepatite necrótica multifocal, broncopneumonia supurativa e placentite necrótica. Através da coloração de Grocott hifas septadas foram observadas em duas placentas e nas bordas das lesões necróticas no fígado de um feto. Em dois casos hifas foram observadas somente na placenta e não no feto, salientando-se a importância deste tecido para o diagnóstico de aborto micótico bovino.